The Agency of the Principal–Agent Relationship: An Opportunity for HRD

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In ◽  
Principal Agent Relationship

The Problem Agency theory has been empirically studied in other fields of study such as economics, political science, sociology, and management. Although a proposal for inclusion of agency theory to test training and development outcomes was made in human resource development (HRD)-related publications, little research has been conducted and published in HRD-related literature. The Solution This review of agency theory offers a description of the elements and factors associated with the principal–agent relationship that have been theorized and empirically tested in other fields of study. Much of the theoretical implications are transferable to HRD. The principal–agent relationship should be empirically tested in HRD situations and interpreted through an HRD lens. The Stakeholders The review of the principal–agent relationship in other fields is expected to benefit HRD researchers, practitioners, principals, and agents in organizations by providing insight into the orientation, elements, and influence of principal–agent relationships.

scholarly journals Factors associated with stock out of malaria test kit in Oshana region, Namibia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Magesa ◽  
Kabwebwe Honore Mitonga ◽  
Penehafo Angula
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Malaria Test ◽  
Made In

Malaria continues to be a serious communicable disease whose impact on public health in Namibia is massive. Some improvement in reducing the number of malaria cases has been made in the country, but the sporadic availability of malaria diagnostic test kits (mRDT) continues to slow down government efforts to eliminate malaria in the country. Given the nature of current conditions, justification exists for a study to determine the factors associated with stock out of malaria rapid test kit (mRDT) in Namibia. Mixed method approach was employed, whereby in quantitative aspect, the study adopted a descriptive approach to acquire data from a period of five years retrospectively (2012 - 2016). To gain insight into qualitative aspects of the study, key informants at all levels of the supply chain in Oshana region were interviewed. Pharmaceutical knowledge of ordering mRDT is needed to prevent stock out of mRDT. It is a recommendation of this study that training is needed for staffs who are involved in ordering of pharmaceutical items.

Agency Theory in Business and Management Research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tyge Payne ◽  
Oleg V. Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Incentive Alignment ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Business And Management ◽  
Principal Agent Relationship

Agency theory is one the most prominent theoretical perspectives utilized in business and management research. Agency theory argues—using fundamental assumptions that agents are: (a) self-interested, (b) boundedly rational, and (c) different from principals in their goals and risk-taking preferences—that a problem occurs when one party (a principal) employs another (an agent) to make decisions and act in their stead. Essentially, the value of a principal-agent relationship is not optimized because the two contracted parties may have different interests and information is asymmetric (not equal). Agency costs are the result of principal and agent conflicts of interest and disagreements regarding actions that are taken. As such, monitoring and incentive-alignment systems are used to curb costs associated with opportunist behavior. Agency theory is commonly utilized to understand and explain corporate governance phenomena, including executive incentive alignment, board monitoring, and control of top managers; this strand of the literature is founded in economics and represents the bulk of the research in business and management. However, other important principal-agent relationships are commonly seen in business and society, such as with politicians/voters, brokers/investors, and lawyers/clients, and have benefited from the vast stream of research that has explored the principal-agent relationship in various forms and contexts. Also, alternative theoretical perspectives have emerged to accommodate variations of the principal-agent relationship. Namely, principal-principal agency, behavioral agency, and stewardship theories are prominent alternative theories that challenge, expand, or relax the basic assumptions of the classic theory to extend our understanding of important relationships and mechanisms in business and management.

Will Love Tear Us Apart: Adapting the Lyrical to the Ludic

CounterText ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-235
Author(s):  
Gordon Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lyrical Poetry ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

This paper gives an insight into the design process of a game adaptation of Joy Division's Love Will Tear Us Apart (1980). It outlines the challenges faced in attempting to reconcile the diverging qualities of lyrical poetry and digital games. In so doing, the paper examines the design decisions made in every segment of the game with a particular focus on the tension between the core concerns of the lyrical work being adapted and established tenets of game design.

Empathy as moderator of gender differences in Chinese insurance agents' business ethical sensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ethical Sensitivity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Insurance Agents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

To expand the business ethics research field, and to increase society's understanding of Chinese insurance agents' business ethics, we investigated how gender differences are related to agents' business ethical sensitivity and whether or not these relationships are moderated by empathy. Through a regression analysis of the factors associated with the business ethical sensitivity of 417 Chinese insurance agents, we found that gender played an important role in affecting business ethical sensitivity, and empathy significantly affected business ethical sensitivity. Furthermore, empathy had a moderating effect on the relationship between gender and business ethical sensitivity. Both men and women with strong empathy scored high on business ethical sensitivity; however, men with strong empathy had higher levels of business ethical sensitivity than did women with little empathy. The findings add to the literature by providing insight into the mechanisms responsible for the benefits of empathy in increasing business ethical sensitivity.

New insight into the molecular switch mechanism of human Rho family proteins: shifting a paradigm

2013 ◽  
Vol 394 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Jaiswal ◽  
Eyad Kalawy Fansa ◽  
Radovan Dvorsky ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Molecular Switch ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Gtp Binding ◽  
Switch Mechanism ◽  
Rho Family ◽  
Rho Family Proteins ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Abstract Major advances have been made in understanding the structure, function and regulation of the small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family and their involvement in multiple cellular process and disorders. However, intrinsic nucleotide exchange and hydrolysis reactions, which are known to be fundamental to Rho family proteins, have been partially investigated in the case of RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, but for others not at all. Here we present a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the molecular switch functions of 15 members of the Rho family that enabled us to propose an active GTP-bound state for the rather uncharacterized isoforms RhoD and Rif under equilibrium and quiescent conditions.

Formation, translocation and resolution of Holliday junctions during homologous genetic recombination

1995 ◽  
Vol 347 (1319) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Holliday Junctions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endonucleolytic Cleavage ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Over the past three or four years, great strides have been made in our understanding of the proteins involved in recombination and the mechanisms by which recombinant molecules are formed. This review summarizes our current understanding of the process by focusing on recent studies of proteins involved in the later steps of recombination in bacteria. In particular, biochemical investigation of the in vitro properties of the E. coli RuvA, RuvB and RuvC proteins have provided our first insight into the novel molecular mechanisms by which Holliday junctions are moved along DNA and then resolved by endonucleolytic cleavage.

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