Studying the effect of reinforcement parameters on the mechanical properties of natural fibre-woven composites by Taguchi method

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar ◽  
S Balachander
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Textile Composite

Process optimization is the key task of any engineering application to maximize the desirable output by optimizing the range of process parameters. In this research work, jute composites were fabricated by the hand lay-up method with the aim of optimizing the process parameter such as yarn linear density, fabric areal density and fabric laying angle on the mechanical properties of the textile composite structures using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal matrix. The plain-woven and twill-woven fabrics of Jute fabrics were produced through specialized handloom machine and used as preform for composite production. Epoxy resin was used as the matrix component. Signal-to-noise ratio ratio, analysis of variance and experimental verification of results were analysed. The results showed that fabric laying angle played major role to achieve high mechanical properties of composites and twill-woven structural reinforcement yields higher mechanical properties. Subsequent to this optimal process, parameters have been arrived for all the composites, and finally it was verified through the experimental results.

Optimization of 3D woven preform for improved mechanical performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1206-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Syed Talha Ali Hamdani ◽  
Yasir Nawab ◽  
Muhammad Ayub Asghar ◽  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Woven Structures ◽  
Weave Pattern

For structural design applications, through-thickness characteristics of reinforcement played a vital role, which is why 3D woven preforms are recommended for such applications. These characteristics are mainly dependent on the fiber and yarn positioning in reinforcement. Although research has been conducted for characterizing woven composites, special attention has not been made on weave pattern parameter which directly affects the mechanical performance of composites. In this research work, 3D orthogonal layer to layer and through thickness woven structures with different interlocking patterns have been thoroughly studied for their mechanical properties, thickness, air permeability and areal density. Natural fibers when used with biodegradable matrix find use in structural, as well as low to medium impact applications for automobiles. Jute yarn was used to produce four-layered 3D woven structures, as synthetic fibers will not give a biodegradable composite part. The focus of this study is to optimize weave pattern, which is robust in design, degradable preforms and easy to reproduce. The main objective of this research focused on the effectiveness of weaving patterns on physical and mechanical properties as well as to optimize the weave pattern for optimum performance. Grey relational analysis was used for the optimization of the robust weave pattern. The results showed that hybrid structures can be useful for improving the properties of the orthogonal layer to layer and through thickness woven structures. It was also noted that weft-way 3D woven structures can provide comparable mechanical properties with warp-way 3D woven structures.

scholarly journals Fabrication of AA7075 Hybrid Green Metal Matrix Composites by Friction Stir Processing Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Surface Composites ◽  
Tool Tilt Angle

Friction stir processing is an avant-garde technique of producing new surface composite or changing the different properties of a material through intense, solid-state localized material plastic deformation. This change in properties depends upon the deformation formed by inserting a non-consumable revolving tool into the workpiece and travels laterally through the workpiece. This research work highlights the effect of process parameters on mechanical properties of fabricated surface composites by friction stir processing. By using various reinforcing materials like Ti, SiC, B4C, Al2O3 with waste elements like waste eggshells, rice husks, coconut shell and coir will be used to fabricate the green composites which are environmentally friendly and reduces the problem of decomposition. The parameter for this experiment is considered as the reinforcing materials, tool rotation speed and tool tilt angle. The SiC/Al2O3/Ti along with eggshell are selected asreinforcement materials. The main effect of the reinforcement is to improve mechanical properties, like hardness, impact strength and strength. The results revealed that the process parameters significantly affect the mechanical properties of friction stir processed surface composites.

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane Reinforced Hybrid Natural Fibre Composites by Conventional Fabrication and Finite Element Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Dhiwakar S. Ram ◽  
P.N. Bharath Kumar ◽  
R. Sandeep Kumar ◽  
B. Vijaya Ramnath
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Degradable Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fabrication Errors ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Element Method

Natural Fibre composites are being widely used as a replacement to non-bio-degradable polymer composites. The unavailability of proper processes to treat the natural fibres and the errors in fabrication result in less accurate mechanical properties. The accuracy that is obtained by machine-based processes is not possible in Hand layup method, which is employed in fabrication of natural fibre composites. Finite Element method packages which are specially intended in modelling composite structures give more accurate result of properties than experimental setup, by avoiding fabrication errors. This paper evaluates Impact energy and then the tensile strength, flexural strength of a sugarcane fibre GFRP reinforced polymer matrix both by conventional Hand Layup method and also by Finite Element method.

Fabrication and characterization of friction stir processed Al 6061 reinforced with TiB2-Al2O3

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Mohana Rao ◽  
K. Mallikarjuna Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Friction Stir

PurposeThe objective of the paper is to evaluate the fabrication process and to study the influence of process parameters of friction stir processing of 6061-TiB2-Al2O3 Aluminum alloy surface composite on microhardness tensile strength, and microstructure.Design/methodology/approachFriction stir processing method is used for attaining the desired mechanical properties, and selectively processed reinforcements to fabricate the samples. The Taguchi technique was used to optimize rotational speed, travel speed and volume percentage of reinforcement particles to enhance the mechanical properties of 6061-TiB2-Al2O3 Aluminum alloy composite.FindingsThe fabrication of surface composites through FSP allows new inventions in terms of material with enhanced surface layers without changing the base metal.Practical implicationsTo examine the behavior of the surface of the composites in the different zones, the practical implication consists of the use of different characterization techniques like optical microscopy and scanning microscopy for microstructural behavior and the measurement of hardness and tensile tests for mechanical behavior.Originality/valueThe research work consists of tool design and process parameters, which can affect the final product (microstructural changes), and the performance of the modified surface layer behavior was studied and presented.

Mechanical Properties and Failure Analysis of 3D-Woven Copper Wire/Glass Fiber Hybrid Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Fujun Xu ◽  
Liangang Zheng ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Mohamed Amine Aouraghe ◽  
Sidra Saleemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Composites

Three-dimensional woven fabrics with excellent structural integrity are a very promising structure for multifunctional materials hybridized with various yarns. To systematically investigate mechanical properties and failure analysis of 3D-woven hybrid composites, copper wire/glass fiber composites with two hybrid structures, single-face copper wire (SF-CW) and double-face copper wire (DF-CW), were fabricated and tested. The SF-CW hybrid composites showed excellent tensile strength (1214 MPa) and bending strength (964 MP), which was greater than that of the DF-CW hybrid composites. Additionally, the compression strength and impact resistance of both composites exhibited comparable properties with traditional materials. Furthermore, all failure cross sections showed superior structural integrity and anti-delaminate properties, demonstrating that 3D-woven composites can be a good candidate platform by hybridization with various multifunctional yarns.

scholarly journals Numerical Tools for Composite Woven Fabric Preforming

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Cherouat ◽  
Houman Bourouchaki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Angular Distortion ◽  
Geometrical Approach ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Manufacture Process ◽  
Mould Surface ◽  
Mechanical Approach

An important step in the manufacturing processes of thin composite components is the layingup of the reinforcement onto the mould surface. The prediction of the angular distortion of the reinforcement during draping and the changes in fibre orientation are essential for the understanding of the manufacture process and the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the composite structures. This paper presents an optimization-based method for the simulation of the forming processes of woven fabric reinforced composites. Two different approaches are proposed for the simulation of the draping of woven fabric onto complex geometries: geometrical and mechanical approaches. The geometrical approach is based on a fishnet model. It is well adapted to predimensioning fabrics and to give a suitable quantification of the resulting flat patterns. The mechanical approach is based on a mesostructural model. It allows us to take into account the mechanical properties of fibres and resin and the various dominating mode of deformation of woven fabrics during the forming process. Some numerical simulations of the forming process are proposed and compared with the experimental results in order to demonstrate the efficiency of our approaches.

scholarly journals Fabrication Technique for Bio-Composite Patch Repair on Laminated Structures of CFRP Plate

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K.H. Muda ◽  
Faizal Mustapha ◽  
K.D. Mohd Aris ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Patch Repair ◽  
Fabrication Technique ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laminated Structures

Laminated structures are assembled so that the fibre orientation provides most of desired mechanical properties and the matrix largely determines the environmental performance. Composites laminate structures are used in a wide range of applications in aerospace, marine, automotive, surface transport and sports equipment markets. Damage to composite components is not always visible to the naked eye and the extent of damage is best determined for structural components by suitable Non Destructive Test (NDT) methods. Alternatively the damaged areas can be located by simply tapping the composite surface and listening to the sound. The damaged areas give a dull response to the tapping, and the boundary between the good and damaged composite can easily be mapped to identify the area for repair. Awareness of and inspection for composite damage should be included in the regular maintenance schedules for composite structures. Particular attention would be made to areas which are more prone to damage. The repair can be done by using composite itself or bio-composite. Bio-composite is a reinforcement of natural fibre such as plant and a material that formed by matrix or resin. Then repairs to aircraft structures are controlled and should be carried out according to the Aircraft Structural Repair Manual (SRM). For other applications the repaired components would normally be expected to meet the original specifications and mechanical performance requirements. This paper presents the fabrication technique including patch repair by using bio-composite which is kenaf and its aim to give a general approach to composite fabrication on patch repair in all applications. Through the described approach, the life of the structure is expanded and met the properties requirements such as low cost, fairly good mechanical properties, high specific strength, non-abrasive, eco-friendly and bio-degradability characteristics.

scholarly journals Surface modification of Aluminium alloy (7xxx series) by multipass friction stir processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 008-017
Author(s):  
P K Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Friction Stir

Multipass friction stir processing (MP-FSP) is a solid-state surface modification technique, which was developed based on the simple principle of FSW. Aluminium plates were subjected to MP-FSP from 1 to 14 passes along the longitudinal direction with the specified process parameters such as rotational speed of 1000 rpm and travel speed of 70 mm/min and axial force of 15 kN. Subsequently, similar process parameters had followed by doublepass friction stir processing (DP-FSP) in order to help determine the effectiveness of multipass in creating high strength of aluminium alloys. Now-a-days extensive research had focused on various process parameters such as rotational speed, traverse speed, tool design on processing of aluminium alloys and proficiently enhanced material properties. This technique has considered mostly development of green technology, which is energy efficient and environment friendly technique. Experimentally proven that the Al-Zn-Mg-Sc alloys are characterized through OM, FESEM, DSC, SEM, TEM, and mechanical properties. The tensile strength and ductility of the MP-FSP specimen improved significantly to 122.48%, and 42.55% respectively, but hardness decline to 4.84% as compared to DP-FSP. This is due to not only for refinement of cast dendritic structure and eliminate segregation in the as-cast alloy, but also to the refining of grains, such as the uniform distribution of Al3Sc and hardening precipitates. To aim of this research work is to mainly focusing on MP-FSP may enhance mechanical properties better than DP-FSP and useful for macroscale applications.

Identification and Modeling of Variability in Fabrics Used as Reinforcement in Polymer Composites: Influence on Transport and Mechanical Properties

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Binetruy ◽  
Sébastien Comas-Cardona ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Mold Filling ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Textile Composite ◽  
Fibrous Media ◽  
Fiber Volume

Variability in fiber architecture and content introduces randomness in transport and mechanical properties of textile reinforcements and composites. Assessment of robustness of both manufacturing processes and composite parts require to link fabric variability to dominant properties. Irregular injection flow patterns or defects in the final products often occur due to the high variability in the fibrous media. Therefore, manufacturing robustness and part reliability have to be studied to avoid trial and error procedures. This study focuses on spatial variability in the fiber volume fraction and architecture and their influence on permeability of fiber reinforcements and mechanical performance of textile composite, relating these important properties to variation in reinforcement architecture. Methods to capture experimentally and model numerically the fabric randomness are presented and illustrated on typical non-woven fabrics. An efficient numerical approach is presented for the simulation of mold filling process with random fibrous permeability as input. Numerical examples for different injection schemes are presented to demonstrate the ability of the current approach in predicting the variability in mold filling results.

HVOF-Sprayed Alloy In718 – The Influence of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Voggenreiter ◽  
H. Huber ◽  
H.-J. Spies ◽  
H. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hvof Spraying ◽  
Inconel 718 Alloy ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Hvof Process ◽  
Molten Phase

Abstract New near-net-shape structures of alloy Inconel 718 processed by HVOF spraying require optimum mechanical properties. Dominant factors defining the material quality are the particle properties velocity and temperature adjusted by the HVOF process parameters. Based on theoretical analysis of the HVOF process, experiments were performed with a defined variation of primary process parameters, producing coating samples of alloy 718 and measuring the particle velocities. Microstructural and X-ray analysis shows that in coatings with a high fraction of molten phase and high velocity, mainly divalent and spinell-type oxides are formed during particle impact on the substrate. Due to severe oxidation of the y'/y''- forming elements Ti, Al and Nb, precipitation-hardening effects of In 718 coatings are low. This leads to merely mediocre mechanical properties. The reduction of the molten phase to nearly zero leads to a drastic decrease of the oxide formation. The hardening γ'/γ'' phases are precipitated homogeneously in the Ni-base matrix. Strength values comparable to cast and wrought alloy In718 are attained by spraying with a low molten-phase fraction and high particle velocity. However, extensive intergranular 8-phase precipitation due to too high an Nb content of the powder causes only mediocre fracture elongation. Coatings up to 10 mm thick have been sprayed. The construction effort and hence the costs and weight of combustion chambers for hypersonic propulsion systems are to be reduced through direct thermal spraying of the loadbearing metallic pressure jacket onto the tubular cooling system. As a semifinished product, the selected Inconel 718 alloy exhibits good mechanical properties in the cryogenic temperature range as well as under higher thermal loads, and is commercially available in powder form. Aging serves to increase the strength up to the range of 1,200 N/mm2. For the sprayed In718 version, coating thicknesses in the centimeter range, a porosity < 1% and mechanical properties comparable with those of the cast version are required. The objective of the research work is to optimize spray-process control so that the resultant structural thick layers meet the design as well as the material requirements with respect to combustion-chamber technology. This necessitates elaborating the dominant microstructural parameters influencing the mechanical properties and the effect on them of the spraying process, and correlating them with the particle-condition parameters and the process parameters [1].

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