scholarly journals Ramie-degumming methodologies: A short review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502094010
Author(s):  
Lifeng Cheng ◽  
Shengwen Duan ◽  
Xiangyuan Feng ◽  
Ke Zheng ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Fiber Spinning ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Fiber Plant ◽  
Degumming Process

Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea L.), a perennial herb, is an important bast fiber plant. Its fiber with the advantages of attractive luster, high tenacity, enhanced strength, and good microbial resistivity is well known as the queen of natural fibers. The abundant cellulose fibers in ramie raw materials are stuck tightly by gums consisting of pectic substances, hemicelluloses, and little lignin. The gum should remove from the ramie raw material through degumming process to separate fibers, unveil unique fiber properties, and improve fiber-spinning ability to fulfill textile requirements. Low degumming efficiency and high environmental pollution are the major problems hindering the utilization of ramie fibers. Ramie degumming involves the degradation of pectin and hemicelluloses, which requires chemical, physical, biological treatment, or a combination of several treatments. No stereotyped parameters of the given degumming method have been yet established for the extraction of textile-grade ramie fibers. This review evaluated integrated methodology involving chemical, physical, biological and biochemical methods to degum raw ramie and obtain textile-grade refined fibers.

scholarly journals Green degumming process of ramie fiber thermal effect and optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 2447-2451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Liu ◽  
Dan Tian ◽  
Bangze Zhou ◽  
Yumeng Zhang ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Sodium Percarbonate ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process

Ramie is a kind of natural fibers, it requires degumming process before it can be used as a raw material for various applications. The traditional treatment uses alkali, which is not an environmentally friendly process. In this paper, ramie fibers are degummed using sodium percarbonate, which causes no any negative environmental problems, and its decomposition, hydrogen peroxide, is a clear liquid, it can be used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent and antiseptics for surface treatment of ramie fibers. Effect of temperature and concentration of sodium percarbonate on the degumming process are studied theoretically and verified experimentally. Finally an optimal degumming process is suggested for maximal weight ratio of degummed ramie fiber to raw bast.

scholarly journals Potensi Pemanfaatan Serat Selulosa sebagai Material Bahan Baku dalam Sintesis Filter Udara Non-Woven sesuai Standar TAPPI T 205

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Irwan Suriaman ◽  
Mardiyati ◽  
Jooned Hendrarsakti ◽  
Ari Darmawan Pasek
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Materials Used

Industry 4.0 era materials used by entrepreneurs should be recycled, environmentally friendly, renewable with less chemical content. Indonesia as a tropical country has a large land area with the potential to produce the largest natural fiber in the world. One opportunity that can be applied to the utilization of natural fibers in air filters that currently use dominant materials is synthetic fibers. natural fiber has the advantage because it does not contain toxic chemicals, local raw materials, and is easily produced. This research will analyze the mechanical and morphological characteristics of biological fibers that have great potential as pre-filter raw material. Analysis of mechanical properties through tensile strength testing for single fibers and morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile testing was the results are; palm oil has a tensile strength of 620 MPa; 998 MPa and 213 MPa flax coconut fiber. For the morphological test results from SEM analysis for ramie fiber, it looks solid without fiber holes; The fibers appear to be many small fibers bound to one another while coir fibers have many pore holes in one observed fiber.

The Study on Eri-Silk Degumming Process Optimization and its Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
Wen Zhong Wang ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Li Shan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Protease ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Initial Modulus ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
Eri Silk

Study the influence of eri-silk degumming process for degumming results of 2709 alkaline protease; combined with the orthogonal experimental analysis of high degumming rate and breaking strength of the best eri-silk degumming process, and then compare the optimized extracted eri-silk with mulberry silk, virgin silk, cotton, wool and ramie fibers for their fineness, mechanical properties, and friction performance comparison. The results show that the 2709 alkaline protease can effectively remove silkgum, and that the amount of enzyme is the main factor affecting degumming rate; pH value is the main factors for the breaking strength. Comparing with other fibers, eri-silks average fineness is smaller, breaking strength and initial modulus tend to be larger, but their coefficient of variation also tend to be larger. Besides, eri-silkis breaking elongation is not as good as wool and silk, but better than other fibers. Natural silks dynamic and static coefficient of tangential impedance is lower in comparison with other natural fibers. Ramie has the largest tangential resistance factor. Among the natural silks, the eri-silks tangential impedance coefficient is greater than tussah and smaller than mulberry silk.

scholarly journals Two Step and Direct Fermentation in the Production of Ethanol from Starch: A Short Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endah Retno Dyartanti ◽  
Margono Margono ◽  
Anisa Raditya Nurohmah ◽  
Shofirul Sholikhatun Nisa ◽  
Novan Riantosa
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Direct Fermentation

Ethanol as a renewable fuel has been widely produced in various countries. One source of raw material for producing ethanol is starch. The process of producing ethanol from starch needs to be pretreated so that starch molecules can split into smaller ones. However, this process requires pre-treatment which will expensive more than ethanol from sugar. There are two types of pretreatment i.e. two-step ethanol production and direct fermentation. There is two kind of hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Two-step ethanol production is a conventional method that separates pretreatment and fermentation process, while direct fermentation is the direct production of starch into ethanol using recombinant yeast that co-produces enzymes such as amylose and glucoamylase. Two-step ethanol production has the advantage of high yield but needs high cost whereas, direct fermentation has the advantage of low-cost production but needs longer time. Common starch to ethanol production consists of two stages, namely hydrolysis of raw materials into glucose and fermentation into ethanol. Both of these processes can be run on average at temperatures of 30-80<sup>o</sup>C with a pH range of 4-6 and varying time intervals. The enzyme used depends on the source of the starch, but the most commonly used is <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Thermoalkaliphilic Xylanase from Bacillus halodurans CM1 on Degumming Process of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.Gaud)Fiber as Textile Raw Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
DEWI NANDYAWATI ◽  
DEA INDRIANI ASTUTI ◽  
NIKNIK NURHAYATI ◽  
ASEP RISWOKO ◽  
IS HELIANTI
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bacillus Halodurans ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Enzymatic Degumming ◽  
Degumming Process

Ramie fiber is a potential raw material to substitute imported raw materials such as cotton. Due to its higher hemicellulose content, ramie fiber required hydrolysis in a process called degumming. Enzymatic degumming is environmentally friendly compared to traditional process which using chemicals. Alkalithermophilic xylanase have high ability in hemicellulose hydrolysis. The production of xylanase was conducted by submerged fermentation of Bacillus halodurans CM1 in 20L bioreactor using Mamo and corncob medium with optimum conditions at 50°C, pH 9, 150 RPM and 1 vvm. The optimum specific activity of xylanase measured by Bailey method at 70°C and pH 9 is 475.41 U/mg. Xylanase was stable at 50°C, pH 9 and relatively stable to K+, Na2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ metal ions and Triton-X, Saba dan Tween-80 surfactants. Degumming process was carried out by immersing ramie fibers in formulated degumming solution with vlot 1:20 at 50°C, 150 RPM and 180 minutes. The enzymatic degumming process may substitute or reduce the use of chemicals due to its significant effect on ramie fiber quality. Enzymatic and chemical degumming process reduce the weight of Ramie Fiber to 7.23 %, and 7.72 %, slightly higher than enzymatic degumming 7.15%. Enzymatic degumming maintains tensile strength at 27.51 %. Whiteness index enhanced to 2.99% enzymatically and 3.49% chemically. Keywords: Bacillus halodurans CM1, enzymatic degumming, ramie fiber, textile industry, thermoalkaliphilic xylanase

A Review on Milkweed Fiber Properties as a High-Potential Raw Material in Textile Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1412-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Hassanzadeh ◽  
Hossein Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Available Information

Importance of solving the environmental pollution has attracted lots of designers and engineers’ attentions towards finding different available solutions such as substituting polymer-based raw materials with the natural ones. Thus, significant efforts applied by the researchers are generally involved to find new recourses of natural fibers instead of using the petroleum-based synthetic fibers. Among the variety of newly known natural resources, Milkweed is categorized as a versatile substitutive fiber with numerous unique properties which are mainly attributed to their hollowness structures. The presence of hollow channel along the fiber length is responsible for their lightweight and good insulation properties. Because of the fibers’ ecological and chemical benefits, numerous technical application fields could be considered for the eco-friendly and non-allergenic textiles made of Milkweed fibers especially in production of medical goods. Since morphological aspects as well as physical and mechanical properties of the Milkweed fibers significantly affect their functional behavior during their end uses, here in this review paper it is aimed to summarize all the available information regarding the fibers’ characteristics and properties. Having fundamental knowledge about the spin-ability of Milkweed fibers as well as finding the optimized process condition for their carding operation is considered to be the important points for obtaining such applicable textile products with desired properties.

Novel Continuous Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanofibers

2006 ◽  
Vol 920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Ren ◽  
Yuris Dzenis
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Fiber Spinning ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
High Electric Fields

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is well known for its ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Currently, this polymer is used in applications in the form of films. PVDF fibers are expected to open up exciting new opportunities such as design and use of active textiles and composites. It is well-known that synthetic fiber properties improve substantially with the decrease of their diameter. However, conventional mechanical fiber spinning processes usually produce fibers with diameters in the range from tens to hundreds of microns. In this work, ultrafine, submicron-diameter continuous PVDF nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning method. The method consists of spinning polymer solutions in high electric fields. Effects of process parameters on nanofiber diameter and morphology were studied. XRD and FTIR analyses of PVDF nanofibers were performed. The latter indicated that the initial á phase of the raw material was converted to â phase PVDF during electrospinning. As â phase is primarily responsible for the piezo- and ferroelectric properties of PVDF, the latter result is very encouraging. The demonstrated novel continuous PVDF nanofibers can be used in nanostructured active textiles and composites and can lead to unusual new designs for actuators and sensors.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK MEKANIK KOMPOSIT SERAT BAMBU KONTINYU DENGAN PERLAKUAN ALKALI

POROS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Sofyan Djamil ◽  
Agustinus Purna Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Plain Weave

Abstract: Commonly used reinforcement materials are fibers, particles or flakes which have higher strength and modulus than matrix. Natural fibers of lignosellulose derived from natural resources such as bamboo, sisal, kenaf, hemp, wood and others are the largest raw materials found on earth, especially Indonesia. The reinforcement of natural fibers in composite materials has the advantage of good mechanical properties and is cheaper compared to synthetic fibers, using natural bamboo fiber, it can be made green composite .The research stages are bamboo raw material taken from the village of Pebasiran Parung Panjang BogorJawa Barat type bamboo apus (giganchtoloa apus), aged 3-4 years. Bamboo dried with surrounding air for 2 weeks, then cut with a knife manually, hinggga shaped-sized fiber; thickness 0.6 - 0.8 mm and width 6 - 8 mm. The 5% NaOH soaked fiber, for 72 hours, is dried at room temperature. Reinforcement using plain weave and twill weave type. Composite is made by hand lay up process, with thickness of 2 mm. Testing test is made with standard ASTM D3039 / D3039M-08, Observation of fiber structure with optical microscope. From research data and the calculation is then obtained for plain woven type before alkali treatment yield strength is 15.60 ± 2.24 MPa, after alkali treatment yield strength is 18.80 ± 2.13 MPa. For this type of woven twill before alkali treatment yield strength is 24.48 ± 3.92 MPa, after alkali treatment yield strength is 29.90 ± 2.27 MPa. For plain woven type before alkali treatment process the maximal tensile strength is 20.94 ± 3.69 MPa, after alkali treatment process the maximal tensile strength is 25.53 ± 3.94 MPa. For the type of woven twill before the alkali treatment the maximal tensile strength is 30.18 ± 7.26 MPa, after alkali treatment the maximal tensile strength is 35.15 ± 2.81 MPa.For plain weave type before alkali treatment strain is 2.29 ± 0.36% , after alkali treatment strain is 2.47 ± 0.25%. For this type of woven twill before alkali treatment strain is 2.27 ± 0.40%, after alkali treatment strain is 2.27 ± 0.40%. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of suitability of wheat bran as a natural filler in polymer processing

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 7037-7052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Majewski ◽  
Antonio Gaspar Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Plastic Processing ◽  
Potential Applications

The promotion of sustainable economic development and issues related to ecological and environmental protection has led to a common interest in the use of raw materials from renewable sources. Recently, there have been many scientific works on the use of different natural wastes as components in the production of new composite materials and polymers. An example of natural waste that is not managed efficiently is grain husk, which is a by-product of the production of flour and other products. This work studied the use of wheat grain husk for plastic processing. A short review is presented of studies concerning the use of natural waste and materials as fillers for natural and synthetic polymers, as well as their potential applications. The authors conducted original research on the influence of the mass fraction and particle size of wheat bran on the selected properties of low-density polyethylene, which can be useful in the evaluation of the suitability of this raw material for particular technical applications.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document