scholarly journals A Method of Preserving and Testing the Acceptability of Gac Fruit Oil, A Good Source of β-Carotene and Essential Fatty Acids

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Vuong ◽  
J. C. King
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Momordica Cochinchinensis ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Village Women ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Β Carotene

Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) is indigenous to Vietnam and other countries in Southeast Asia. Its seed pulp contains high concentrations of carotenoids, especially the provitamin A, β-carotene. In northern Vietnam, gac fruits are seasonal and are mainly used in making a rice dish called xoi gac. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to collect and preserve gac fruit oil, to evaluate the nutritional composition of the oil, and to assess the acceptability of the gac oil by typical Vietnamese homemakers. One hundred women participated in training to learn how to prepare the fruits and operate the oil press. The women also participated in a survey of gac fruit use and their habitual use of animal fat and vegetable oil. Among all the participants in the training and surveys, 35 women actually produced oil from gac fruits grown in the village, using manual oil presses and locally available materials. The total carotene concentration in gac fruit oil was 5,700 μg/ml. The concentration of β-carotene was 2,710 μg/ml. Sixty-nine percent of total fat was unsaturated, and 35% of that was polyunsaturated. The average daily consumption of gac fruit oil was estimated at 2 ml per person. The daily β-carotene intake (from gac fruit oil) averaged approximately 5 mg per person. It was found that gac oil can be produced locally by village women using manual presses and locally available materials. The oil is a rich source of β-carotene, vitamin E, and essential fatty acids. Although the β-carotene concentration declines with time without a preservative or proper storage, it was still high after three months. The oil was readily accepted by the women and their children, and consumption of the oil increased the intake of β-carotene and reduced the intake of lard.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profile, Physicalchemical Properties and Minerals with Quantify Indicador of Astrocaryum aculeatum Pulp Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Bernardo M. Linhares ◽  
Ana Marcia D. C. Costa ◽  
Herliana D. F. Abreu ◽  
Ana Cristina G. Reis de Melo ◽  
Pedro R. E. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Astrocaryum Aculeatum ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Acid Index

The species Astrocaryum aculeatum (Arecaceae) is known in the Brazilian Amazon as tucumã, whose fruit is much appreciated by the population of the region, where its pulp, oleaginous, is the most consumed. Thus, the aim of this work was to perform a profile of fatty acids by GC-FID and minerals by ICP-OES of the oil of the pulp of the tucumã (A. aculeatum), as well as their physicochemical properties by 1H NMR. The fruits were collected in Alto Alegre city, Roraima, Brazil. These were taken to the laboratory, sanitized and removing your pulp, submitted to the oven with air circulation at 50 °C for 72 h, the dried pulps were milled and sieved between 20-40 mesh. The pulp oil extraction was realized in Soxhlet with hexane for 6 hours (yield of 54.7%). Were identified a total of 10 fatty acids, of these 23.8% are saturated fatty acids and 76.2% are unsaturated fatty acids: palmitic acid (10.4%), stearic acid (4.9%), oleic acid (64.2%), linoleic acid (11%) and linolenic acid (1%). The physicochemical properties have a pulp oil acid index of 0.31 mg KOH g-1, saponification of 190.39 mg KOH g-1, iodine index of 85.97 mg g-1. Minerals such as in their available forms K (70.05 mg L-1) Na (30.30 mg L-1), Ca (20.13 mg L-1) and P (20.07 mg L-1) were observed in high concentrations. The Amazon tucumã is an oleaginous that deserves our attention because it is composed of essential fatty acids that are beneficial to the human health.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACID, CAROTENOIDS AND TOCOPHEROLS OF DEGUMMED AND NEUTRALIZED RED FRUIT (Pandanus conoideus) OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Zita Letviany Sarungallo ◽  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Risma Uli Situngkir ◽  
Mathelda Kurniaty Roreng ◽  
Meike Meilan Lisangan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Β Carotene

Refining of crude red fruit oil (CRFO) through the degumming and neutralization steps intended to produce oil free of impurities (non triglycerides) such as phospholipids, proteins, residues and carbohydrates, and also reducing the amount of free fatty acids (FFA). This study aims to determine the effect of red fruit oil purification through degumming and neutralization stages on chemical properties, fatty acid composition, carotenoid content and tocopherol of red fruit oil (RFO). The results showed that degumming of CRFO did not affect the decrease in water content, FFA levels, peroxide numbers, iodine values, carotenoids and tocopherols content; but decrease in levels of phosphorus, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Neutralization of degummed-RFO (DRFO) did not affect the decrease in water content, iodine value, carotenoid, tocopherol and α-tocopherol; but the FFA levels, peroxide number, phosphorus and β-carotene levels decreased significantly. The fatty acid composition of RFO was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (± 75%), which increases through degumming and neutralization stages. β-carotene is more sensitive than α-tocopherol during refining process of crude oil, but in general, this process can improve the RFO quality.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Total Fat and Fatty Acids, and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years: Results of the EsNuPI Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2467
Author(s):  
Casandra Madrigal ◽  
María José Soto-Méndez ◽  
Rosaura Leis ◽  
Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
Teresa Valero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Total Fat

We aimed to determine the usual intake of total fat, fatty acids (FAs), and their main food sources in a representative cohort of the Spanish pediatric population aged 1 to <10 years (n = 707) who consumed all types of milk and an age-matched cohort who consumed adapted milk over the last year (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing-up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) (n = 741) who were participants in the EsNuPI study (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population). Dietary intake, measured through two 24 h dietary recalls, was compared to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN-FAO) recommendations. Both cohorts showed a high intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), according to FAO recommendations, as there are no numerical recommendations for SFAs at EFSA. Also, low intake of essential fatty acids (EFAs; linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA)) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) of the n-3 series, mainly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were observed according to EFSA and FAO recommendations. The three main sources of total fat and different FAs were milk and dairy products, oils and fats, and meat and meat products. The consumption of adapted milk was one of the main factors associated with better adherence to the nutritional recommendations of total fat, SFAs, EFAs, PUFAs; and resulted as the main factor associated with better adherence to n-3 fatty acids intake recommendations. Knowledge of the dietary intake and food sources of total fat and FAs in children could help in designing and promoting effective and practical age-targeted guidelines to promote the consumption of EFA- and n-3 PUFA-rich foods in this stage of life.

scholarly journals Intake of essential fatty acids in Indonesian children: secondary analysis of data from a nationally representative survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Neufingerl ◽  
Ratna Djuwita ◽  
Anke Otten-Hofman ◽  
Reisi Nurdiani ◽  
Ursula Garczarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractEssential fatty acids (EFA) such as α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) are needed for healthy growth and development of children. Worldwide, reliable intake data of EFA are often lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate dietary intake of EFA in Indonesian children. Dietary intake data of 4–12-year-old children (n 45 821) from a nationally representative Indonesian survey were used to estimate median intake and distribution of population fatty acid intake. Missing data on individual fatty acids in the Indonesian food composition table were complemented through chemical analyses of national representative food samples and imputation of data from the US nutrient database. Nutrient adequacy ratios were calculated as a percentage of FAO/WHO intake recommendations. The medians of total fat intake of the children was 26·7 (10th–90th percentile 11·2–40·0) percentage of total daily energy (%E). Intakes of fatty acids were 4·05 (10th–90th percentile 1·83–7·22) %E for total PUFA, 3·36 (10th–90th percentile 1·14–6·29) %E for LA and 0·20 (10th–90th percentile 0·07–0·66) %E for ALA. Median intake of PUFA was 67 % and that of ALA 40 % of the minimum amounts recommended by FAO/WHO. These data indicate that a majority of Indonesian children has intakes of PUFA and specifically ALA that are lower than recommended intake levels. Total fat and LA intakes may be suboptimal for a smaller yet considerable proportion of children. Public health initiatives should provide practical guidelines to promote consumption of PUFA-rich foods.

scholarly journals Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids – A Biofortification Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amod Madurapperumage ◽  
Leung Tang ◽  
Pushparajah Thavarajah ◽  
William Bridges ◽  
Emerson Shipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Plant Lipids ◽  
Improvement Programs

Chickpea is a highly nutritious pulse crop with low digestible carbohydrates (40–60%), protein (15–22%), essential fats (4–8%), and a range of minerals and vitamins. The fatty acid composition of the seed adds value because fats govern the texture, shelf-life, flavor, aroma, and nutritional composition of chickpea-based food products. Therefore, the biofortification of essential fatty acids has become a nutritional breeding target for chickpea crop improvement programs worldwide. This paper examines global chickpea production, focusing on plant lipids, their functions, and their benefits to human health. In addition, this paper also reviews the chemical analysis of essential fatty acids and possible breeding targets to enrich essential fatty acids in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) biofortification. Biofortification of chickpea for essential fatty acids within safe levels will improve human health and support food processing to retain the quality and flavor of chickpea-based food products. Essential fatty acid biofortification is possible by phenotyping diverse chickpea germplasm over suitable locations and years and identifying the candidate genes responsible for quantitative trait loci mapping using genome-wide association mapping.

Effect of Drying Pre-treatments on the Yield and Bioactive Content of Oil Extracted from Gac Aril

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuyen Chan Kha ◽  
Minh H. Nguyen ◽  
Paul D. Roach ◽  
Costas E. Stathopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Momordica Cochinchinensis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) aril contains high levels of bioactive compounds including β-carotene, lycopene and fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to find an extraction method of Gac oil resulting in the highest content of bioactive compounds. The effects of microwave and air-drying pre-treatments of Gac aril prior to hydraulic pressing and Soxhlet extraction on the oil yield, nutrients and chemical properties of the oil were compared. Results showed that the highest oil yield could be obtained when the aril was microwave-dried before Soxhlet extraction. This finding was explained by microstructural changes of the dried arils. Microwave-drying prior to pressing resulted in the highest content of β-carotene (174 mg/100 mL) and lycopene (511 mg/100 mL) in the oil extract. Oleic acid (48%) and linoleic acid (18%) were found to be the dominant fatty acids in the oil extracts. Gac oil with the lowest acid (0.69 mg KOH/g) and peroxide values (1.80 meq O2/kg) was extracted when microwave-drying was applied prior to pressing. It can be concluded that the microwave drying pre-treatment before pressing was better than the air-drying pre-treatment for extracting Gac oil of high quality.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of the Castanha-de-cutia (Couepia edulis Prance) in Regards to Metabolic Illnesses and Its Socioeconomic Aspects: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Adele Salomão-Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Mário Galvão e Silva ◽  
Rosany Piccolotto Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The biodiversity of the Amazon region includes many oleaginous fruits, among them the Castanha-de-cutia, whose great potential is its almonds, which have about 16.6% protein and 73% oil. What is also remarkable is the exceptional amount of bioactive compounds in their chemical composition. This bibliographic review has the objective of arousing interest in the consumption of the Castanha-de-cutia almonds in order to improve quality of life. A systematic search was carried out for studies published between 1947 and 2016 that examined the physical-chemical characteristics, nutritional composition, bioactive functions and industrial potential of the almond from the Castanha-de-cutia. These studies included the use of this Amazonian fruit in the diet of traditional populations in the Amazon region. The presence of essential fatty acids, tocopherols, carotenoids and phenolic compounds strengthens the endogenous system, reducing oxidative stress and the risk of pathologies. The high content of monounsaturated fatty acids was also verified. This demonstrated exceptional nutritional value for the Castanha-de-cutia oil of Amazonian origin. The identification of the bioactive compounds of the Castanha-de-cutia almond is of fundamental importance as an alternative source of such compounds, since these desirable characteristics can be used in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, as well as having great socioeconomic potential in the paint, food and pharmaceutical industries.

Dietary manipulation to increase conjugated linoleic acids and other desirable fatty acids in beef: A review

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
M. Ivan ◽  
M. L. He ◽  
B. Pink ◽  
E. Okine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Total Fat

The diet is the source of many essential fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids for all mammals. These fatty acids either, as altered isomers or as other elongated products, have been found to provide unique advantages to human health. Currently two conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) isomers (cis-9, trans-11 C18:2; trans-10, cis-12 C18:2) and two elongated products of linolenic acid [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3)] have been recognized for their roles in maintaining human health. Consumers can obtain these functional fatty acids from beef if the feeding management of beef cattle can be altered to include precursor fatty acids. Diet, breed, and gender are important factors that affect total fat content and/or the fatty acid profile of beef with regard to CLA, EPA, and DHA. Diet provides the precursor fatty acids that are altered and deposited, and breed dictates, the amount of fat that is deposited. These fatty acids can be increased in beef by increasing the forage:concentrate ratio, inclusion of non-fermented forage, and supplementation with various oils or oil seeds. The CLA and vaccenic acid (trans-11 C18:1) concentration in beef was increased by feeding sunflower oil or seeds, linseed, and soybean oil supplemented diets, while cattle fed linseed and fish oil supplemented diets had increased concentrations of EPA and DHA. Although the concentration of these fatty acids can be increased in beef, there is a need to further the understanding of the mechanism by which they exert positive affects on human health. Key words: Cattle, beef, fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid

Detergent extraction and enzymatic analysis for fecal long-chain fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2230-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Lee ◽  
T Crook ◽  
C Noel ◽  
U M Levinson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Determination ◽  
Detergent Extraction ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract We report a procedure for determining fecal long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), triglycerides, and cholesterol after detergent extraction with 10 mL/L Triton X-100, 6 mL/L Brij 30, and 0.1 mol/L HCl in isotonic saline by enzymatic analysis of the extraction supernates. Mean recoveries of calibrators ranged from 105% to 117%. Assays of fecal extracts were linear with concentration from 0 to 1000 mumol/L for LCFA, from 10 to 90 mumol/L for triglycerides, and from 0 to 300 mumol/L for cholesterol. Within-run CVs were &lt; 3% for medium and high concentrations, and 3%, 14%, and 28% for low concentrations of LCFA, cholesterol, and triglycerides, respectively. Correlation with gravimetric determination resulted in coefficients (r2) of 0.72 for total fat, 0.63 for neutral fat, and 0.66 for nonesterified fat. Assays of extracts and residues prepared for gravimetric determination indicated that approximately 90% of triglycerides, cholesterol, and LCFA were extracted by organic solvents and that the extracts contain a significant amount of other fats. The proposed method appears accurate, precise, specific, and suitable for routine analysis.

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