scholarly journals Analysis of the efficiency of shipping containers handling/loading control methods and procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 168781401882122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Eglynas ◽  
Mindaugas Jusis ◽  
Sergej Jakovlev ◽  
Audrius Senulis ◽  
Arunas Andziulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
Laboratory Prototype

Most modern quay cranes operate under the operator’s control. Lifting, lowering, and transporting a container from one platform to another are just some of the actions that a person is responsible for, but the negative consequences of handling can be caused not only by his actions. An error, loading transient instability, or an undervalued environmental factor in the control algorithm can cause a risk to human safety, container, and cargo security. In order to control cargo-handling risk, it is necessary to improve the cargo control systems not only by changing their software, but also by creating additional control algorithms and systems. These systems with programmed control algorithms should be integrated into existing systems to control cargo security and its transfer time. In this article, transient processes and dynamic property of the cargo-handling operation are described and multibody dynamics simulation performed using laboratory prototype of a quay crane. The experimental research performed and integrated autonomous quay crane control algorithm developed with the proposed embedded container swinging control subroutine operated in optimal mode when the control system used PID controller with a feedback including additional PI controller and S-shaped input signal for the analyzed case with the defined parameter set.

Frequency Shaped Semi-Active Control for Magnetorheological Fluid-Based Vibration Control Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Tai Choi ◽  
Norman M. Wereley ◽  
Gregory J. Hiemenz
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Control ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Active Vibration Control ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Control Current ◽  
Active Vibration

Novel semi-active vibration controllers are developed in this study for magnetorheological (MR) fluid-based vibration control systems, including: (1) a band-pass frequency shaped semi-active control algorithm, (2) a narrow-band frequency shaped semi-active control algorithm. These semi-active vibration control algorithms designed without resorting to the implementation of an active vibration control algorithms upon which is superposed the energy dissipation constraint. These new Frequency Shaped Semi-active Control (FSSC) algorithms require neither an accurate damper (or actuator) model, nor system identification of damper model parameters for determining control current input. In the design procedure for the FSSC algorithms, the semi-active MR damper is not treated as an active force producing actuator, but rather is treated in the design process as a semi-active dissipative device. The control signal from the FSSC algorithms is a control current, and not a control force as is typically done for active controllers. In this study, two FSSC algorithms are formulated and performance of each is assessed via simulation. Performance of the FSSC vibration controllers is evaluated using a single-degree-of-freedom (DOF) MR fluid-based engine mount system. To better understand the control characteristics and advantages of the two FSSC algorithms, the vibration mitigation performance of a semi-active skyhook control algorithm, which is the classical semi-active controller used in base excitation problems, is compared to the two FSSC algorithms.

scholarly journals PID Controller Implemented in Festo CDPX

2019 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Primož Podržaj
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Pi Control ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Machine Interface

In this paper, we describe the procedure for the implementation of the PID controller in the Festo CDPX operator unit. These units enable the execution of the control algorithm and human machine interface in a single unit. In our laboratory the unit is used to teach the students about the basics of control systems. For this purpose, one of the most common closed loop control systems for the education purposes was selected. It is a water level control system. In this paper the design of the whole system is presented. The need for a PI control algorithm is also explained. The programming of the operator unit CDPX, both in Festo CoDeSys and Designer Studio is explained. Such a simple system has turned out to be a great educational tool for Control Theory and Programmable Logic Controller related subjects.

Control Algorithms for Semi-Active Structural Systems: Do they Really Matter?

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
Antonio Occhiuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Active Structural Control

Control algorithms for semi-active structural control system found in the scientific literature often rely on the choice of several parameters included in the control law. The present paper shows the preliminary conclusions of a study aiming to explain the weak dependency of the response reduction associated to semi-active control systems on the particular choice of the control algorithm adopted, provided that the relevant parameters of any control law be properly tuned.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Energy Use in Bioethanol Production Using a Control Algorithm

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Jarosław Knaga ◽  
Stanisław Lis ◽  
Sławomir Kurpaska ◽  
Piotr Łyszczarz ◽  
Marcin Tomasik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Signal ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Control Signals ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rectification Process

In this work, the possibility of limiting energy consumption in the manufacturing process of bioethanol to obtain biofuel was analysed. For this purpose, a control algorithm has been optimised while retaining the good quality of the control signals. New in this study is the correlation of the control algorithm not only with the signal’s quality, but also with the energy consumption in such an energy-intensive process as rectification. The rectification process in a periodic production system has been researched. The process was modelled on a test station with the distillation mixture capacity of 25 dm3. For the optimization, the following control algorithms have been applied: relay, PID and PID after modification to I-PD. The simulation was carried out on a transfer function model of the plant that has been verified on a real object, a rectification column. The simulations of energy consumption and control signal’s quality have been carried out in the Matlab®-Simulink environment after implementing the model of the research subject and control algorithms. In the simulation process, an interference signal with an amplitude of 3% and frequency of 2 mHz was used. The executed analyses of the control signal quality and the influence of the control algorithm on the energy consumption has shown some essential mutual relationships. The lowest energy consumption in the rectification process can be achieved using the I-PD controller—however, the signal quality deteriorates. The energy savings are slightly lower while using the PID controller, but the control signal quality improves significantly. From a practical point of view, in the considered problem the best control solution is the classic PID controller—the obtained energy effect was only slightly lower while retaining the good quality of the control signals.

Advanced Vehicle Dynamics Through Active Aerodynamics and Active Body Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique de Carvalho Pinheiro ◽  
Francesco Russo ◽  
Lorenzo Sisca ◽  
Alessandro Messana ◽  
Davide De Cupis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Concurrent Engineering ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Fuzzy Logic System ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Active Suspensions ◽  
Handling Performance ◽  
Logic System

Abstract In this paper, the development procedure of an innovative control algorithm is shown, with the aim of improving handling performance of a high-end sport vehicle by actively controlling aerodynamic forces acting on the vehicle itself. The proposed control algorithm operates indirectly by modifying ride-heights of the vehicle through an active suspensions system. The vehicle dynamics analysis is conducted in parallel to the aerodynamics analysis performed in a concurrent engineering operation. The software used for control algorithms development is VI-CarRealTime, in co-simulation with Matlab-Simulink, with an extended use of the MaxPerformance package. Specific tracks have been implemented ad hoc to highlight the effects of the control systems operation in development phase. To better explore the potential of the technique, a fuzzy logic system was developed.

On Motor Velocity Control by Using Only Position Measurements: Two Case Studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Moreno ◽  
Rafael Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Velocity Control ◽  
Motor Shaft ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Linear Description ◽  
Shaft Encoder ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Motor Velocity

Velocity control by using only position measurements consists of finding a control algorithm that reconstructs the motor shaft velocity from the position measurements of the shaft encoder. The aim of this paper is to present the problem of velocity control in a linear description of a motor as paradigm in the application of the basic concepts of an introductory course in control systems; namely, transfer function, characteristic equation, stability, and Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Experiments have been carried out on a motor illustrating the performance of the velocity control algorithms discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Ajr Drone Control using the Coupling of the PID Controller and Genetic Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. C75-C82
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elajrami ◽  
Zouaoui Satla ◽  
Kouider Bendine
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
State Space Representation ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Optimization Search ◽  
Drone Control

 Due to their strong abilities and easy usage, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) commonly named drones have found a place and merged in the different industrial sectors. These varieties of applications encourage researchers to search for new control algorithms that make drones operate smoothly. In this regard, the present study mains to design a PID controller for four motors drones (quadcopter). For this purpose, a state-space representation of the drone is proposed based on Newton Euler's formularies for a rigid body. For better performance of the control algorithm (PID) the parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd for the controller are established using an optimization search schema based on a genetic algorithm. Various simulations were performed to test the proposed idea.

Optimal Control of Nonlinear Structures

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Yang ◽  
F. X. Long ◽  
D. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Nonlinear Structures ◽  
Open Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Optimal Control Algorithms

Three optimal control algorithms are proposed for reducing oscillations of flexible nonlinear structures subjected to general stochastic dynamic loads, such as earthquakes, waves, winds, etc. The optimal control forces are determined analytically by minimizing a time-dependent quadratic performance index, and nonlinear equations of motion are solved using the Wilson-θ numerical procedures. The optimal control algorithms developed for applications to nonlinear structures are referred to as the instantaneous optimal control algorithms, including the instantaneous optimal open-loop control algorithm, instantaneous optimal closed-loop control algorithm, and instantaneous optimal closed-open-loop control algorithm. These optimal algorithms are computationally efficient and suitable for on-line implementation of active control systems to realistic nonlinear structures. Numerical examples are worked out to demonstrate the applications of these optimal control algorithms to nonlinear structures. In particular, control of structures undergoing inelastic deformations under strong earthquake excitations are illustrated. The advantage of using combined passive/active control systems is also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Research of control algorithm of traction drive of a mining dump truck using simulation models of motion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2052 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
A S Muravyev ◽  
V A Shishkina ◽  
N V Buzunov ◽  
A B Kartashov ◽  
D M Dubinkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Energy Storage Device ◽  
Traction Drive ◽  
Mining Dump Truck

Abstract The paper describes control algorithms for a combined power plant made according to a sequential scheme for a 6x6 mining dump truck. The general approaches used in the development of control systems for similar power plants and transmissions are described. The methods of testing and simulation mathematical models used to analyze the operation of control systems for combined power plants are presented. As an example of control systems, the architecture of the developed system used for a mining dump truck is given. The developed control system and simulation model make it possible to analyze the behavior of the traction motor, energy storage device, transmission elements, and operational properties.

scholarly journals Self-tuning run-time reconfigurable PID controller

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Pelc
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
Digital Pid ◽  
Self Tuning ◽  
Run Time

Self-tuning run-time reconfigurable PID controller Digital PID control algorithm is one of the most commonly used algorithms in the control systems area. This algorithm is very well known, it is simple, easily implementable in the computer control systems and most of all its operation is very predictable. Thus PID control has got well known impact on the control system behavior. However, in its simple form the controller have no reconfiguration support. In a case of the controlled system substantial changes (or the whole control environment, in the wider aspect, for example if the disturbances characteristics would change) it is not possible to make the PID controller robust enough. In this paper a new structure of digital PID controller is proposed, where the policy-based computing is used to equip the controller with the ability to adjust it's behavior according to the environmental changes. Application to the electro-oil evaporator which is a part of distillation installation is used to show the new controller structure in operation.

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