scholarly journals Optimisation of Energy Use in Bioethanol Production Using a Control Algorithm

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Jarosław Knaga ◽  
Stanisław Lis ◽  
Sławomir Kurpaska ◽  
Piotr Łyszczarz ◽  
Marcin Tomasik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Signal ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Control Signals ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rectification Process

In this work, the possibility of limiting energy consumption in the manufacturing process of bioethanol to obtain biofuel was analysed. For this purpose, a control algorithm has been optimised while retaining the good quality of the control signals. New in this study is the correlation of the control algorithm not only with the signal’s quality, but also with the energy consumption in such an energy-intensive process as rectification. The rectification process in a periodic production system has been researched. The process was modelled on a test station with the distillation mixture capacity of 25 dm3. For the optimization, the following control algorithms have been applied: relay, PID and PID after modification to I-PD. The simulation was carried out on a transfer function model of the plant that has been verified on a real object, a rectification column. The simulations of energy consumption and control signal’s quality have been carried out in the Matlab®-Simulink environment after implementing the model of the research subject and control algorithms. In the simulation process, an interference signal with an amplitude of 3% and frequency of 2 mHz was used. The executed analyses of the control signal quality and the influence of the control algorithm on the energy consumption has shown some essential mutual relationships. The lowest energy consumption in the rectification process can be achieved using the I-PD controller—however, the signal quality deteriorates. The energy savings are slightly lower while using the PID controller, but the control signal quality improves significantly. From a practical point of view, in the considered problem the best control solution is the classic PID controller—the obtained energy effect was only slightly lower while retaining the good quality of the control signals.

Control of an Asynchronous Electric Drive Based on Forecasting Its State

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Evgeny Eshchin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Drive ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Asynchronous Motor ◽  
Quality Of Control ◽  
Asynchronous Electric Drive ◽  
Theory Of Optimal Control ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Control System Model ◽  
And Control

Variants of constructing control systems with a lagging argument for the positioning problem of an asyn-chronous electric motor (IM) and the problem of energy-saving AM control are considered. Variants of control of an asynchronous electric drive with IM on the basis of predicting its state are considered. The analytical de-sign of the predictor (ADP) is an asynchronous motor control algorithm based on the mathematical theory of optimal control (L.S. Pontryagin's maximum principle). The control algorithm (ADP) ensures the achievement of the minimum value of the target functional, which (functional), in contrast to the structure of the classical pre-dictive control system (Model Predictive Control - MPC), is clearly not part of the ADP. Calculations of the movements of an electric drive with an IM in the control modes of its state, taking into account delays along the channels for assessing its state and control, as well as using predictors, are given. The effectiveness of the in-troduction of predictors to improve the stability and quality of control of an electric drive with an IM has been established.

How to achieve precise operation of a robotic manipulator on a macro to micro/nano scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Yu ◽  
Qing Shi ◽  
Huaping Wang ◽  
Ning Yu ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Robotic Manipulator ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
General Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Accurate Perception ◽  
And Control ◽  
Made In

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present state-of-the-art approaches for precise operation of a robotic manipulator on a macro- to micro/nanoscale. Design/methodology/approach This paper first briefly discussed fundamental issues associated with precise operation of a robotic manipulator on a macro- to micro/nanoscale. Second, this paper described and compared the characteristics of basic components (i.e. mechanical parts, actuators, sensors and control algorithm) of the robotic manipulator. Specifically, commonly used mechanisms of the manipulator were classified and analyzed. In addition, intuitive meaning and applications of its actuator explained and compared in details. Moreover, related research studies on general control algorithm and visual control that are used in a robotic manipulator to achieve precise operation have also been discussed. Findings Remarkable achievements in dexterous mechanical design, excellent actuators, accurate perception, optimized control algorithms, etc., have been made in precise operations of a robotic manipulator. Precise operation is critical for dealing with objects which need to be manufactured, modified and assembled. The operational accuracy is directly affected by the performance of mechanical design, actuators, sensors and control algorithms. Therefore, this paper provides a categorization showing the fundamental concepts and applications of these characteristics. Originality/value This paper presents a categorization of the mechanical design, actuators, sensors and control algorithms of robotic manipulators in the macro- to micro/nanofield for precise operation.

scholarly journals Swing-Up Problem of an Inverted Pendulum – Energy Space Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Marek Balcerzak
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Inverted Pendulum ◽  
State Constraints ◽  
Energy Space ◽  
Control Signal ◽  
And Control ◽  
Space Approach

AbstractThis paper describes a novel, energy space based approach to the swing-up of an inverted pendulum. The details of the swing-up problem have been described. Equations of the velocity-controlled have been presented. Design of the controller based on energy space notion has been elaborated. The control algorithm takes into account state constraints and control signal constraints. Parameters of the controller have been optimized by means of the Differential Evolution method. A numerical simulation of the inverted pendulum driven by the proposed controller has been conducted, its results have been presented and elaborated. The paper confirms that the proposed method results in a simple and effective swing-up algorithm for a velocity-controlled inverted pendulum with state constraints and control signal constraints.

scholarly journals Analysis of the efficiency of shipping containers handling/loading control methods and procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 168781401882122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Eglynas ◽  
Mindaugas Jusis ◽  
Sergej Jakovlev ◽  
Audrius Senulis ◽  
Arunas Andziulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
Laboratory Prototype

Most modern quay cranes operate under the operator’s control. Lifting, lowering, and transporting a container from one platform to another are just some of the actions that a person is responsible for, but the negative consequences of handling can be caused not only by his actions. An error, loading transient instability, or an undervalued environmental factor in the control algorithm can cause a risk to human safety, container, and cargo security. In order to control cargo-handling risk, it is necessary to improve the cargo control systems not only by changing their software, but also by creating additional control algorithms and systems. These systems with programmed control algorithms should be integrated into existing systems to control cargo security and its transfer time. In this article, transient processes and dynamic property of the cargo-handling operation are described and multibody dynamics simulation performed using laboratory prototype of a quay crane. The experimental research performed and integrated autonomous quay crane control algorithm developed with the proposed embedded container swinging control subroutine operated in optimal mode when the control system used PID controller with a feedback including additional PI controller and S-shaped input signal for the analyzed case with the defined parameter set.

Development of the Independent Metering Valve Control System and Analysis of its Performance for an Excavator

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Chan Lee ◽  
Ki-Chang Jin ◽  
Young-Min Kwon ◽  
Lim-Gook Choi ◽  
Jae-Yoon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Conventional Machine ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Valve Control

As an effort to develop more efficient system for an excavator, EH (Electro-Hydraulic) system has been widely adopted to take the advantage of the well-commercialized EH valves and its control technologies[1]. Utilizing the EH technology, an innovative IMV (Independent Metering Valve) control system for an excavator mechanism, which consists of high capacity EH valve blocks, an electric-controlled pump, and a main controller unit, has been developed by Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. This IMV control system can provide tremendous flexibility to the control of cylinder movements and reduce the energy consumption of an excavator. In this paper, we introduce the major features of the developed IMV control system and propose the novel control algorithm considering optimal power distribution and energy saving. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed system and control algorithm is verified through various experiments conducted on an excavator equipped with the IMV control system. The results are compared with those of conventional machine. It was shown that IMV system could save the energy consumption more than 10% of an excavator.

Design of Hardware Architecture and Control Algorithm for the Electronic Wedge Brake

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangjin Han ◽  
Kunsoo Huh ◽  
Jaehyung Chun ◽  
Myoungjune Kim ◽  
Joogon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Hydraulic Brake ◽  
Friction Temperature ◽  
And Control

Brake-by-wire (BBW) systems can be used for enhanced safety braking of intelligent vehicles and also for environmentally friendly vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). The electronic wedge brake (EWB) is one of the brake-by-wire systems with a self-energizing effect. The EWB is faster than the conventional hydraulic brake and requires only about one-tenth the power to operate. However, the EWB can be unstable unless controlled properly since the self-energizing effect can unintentionally lock up the vehicle’s wheels. In addition, the self-energizing effect is very sensitive to environment and parametric variances, e.g. friction, temperature, speed, load, etc. In this paper, two control algorithms for the EWB are introduced and compared each other in performance. The performance of the proposed control algorithms is verified in simulations.

Modeling, Parameter Identification and Thruster-Assisted Position Mooring of C/S Inocean Cat I Drillship

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Bjørnø ◽  
Hans-Martin Heyn ◽  
Roger Skjetne ◽  
Andreas R. Dahl ◽  
Preben Frederich
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Identification ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Vessel Motion ◽  
And Control

A thruster-assisted position mooring (TAPM) system includes different control functions for stationkeeping and motion damping for a moored offshore vessel with assist from thrusters. It consists of a conventional mooring system and a dynamic positioning (DP) system. The thrusters are used to provide damping and some restoring to the vessel motion and compensate if line breakage occurs. The mooring system absorbs the main loads to keep the vessel in place. This paper presents a complete modeling, parameter identification, and control design for a 1:90 scaled TAPM model vessel. The numerical values for the different model parameters are identified from towing tests. State-of-the-art TAPM control algorithms have been tested on the vessel in the Marine Control Laboratory (MC Lab), to see the behavior resulting from the different control algorithms. The presented experiments focus on the setpoint chasing algorithm, where the position setpoint slowly moves to the equilibrium position where the environmental loads are balanced by the mooring loads. This avoids conflicts between the mooring system and the control actions. If the environmental loads are too large so that the setpoint exceeds a user-defined safety radius, the setpoint is set to this radius and thruster forces grow to support the mooring system in counteracting the environmental loads to avoid line breakage. The experiments show that the vessel and setpoint chasing control algorithm behaves as expected, minimizing thruster usage and maximizing utilization of mooring system.

scholarly journals Improving the Ambient Temperature Control Performance in Smart Homes and Buildings

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Fernando Fontes ◽  
Rómulo Antão ◽  
Alexandre Mota ◽  
Paulo Pedreiras
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Signal ◽  
Pole Placement ◽  
Error Signal ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
And Control ◽  
Equipment Lifetime

Currently, it is becoming increasingly common to find numerous electronic devices installed in office and residential spaces as part of building automation solutions. These devices provide a rich set of data related to the inside and outside environment, such as indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, and solar radiation. However, commercial of-the-shelf climatic control systems continue to rely on simple controllers like proportional-integral-derivative or even on-off, which do not take into account such variables. This work evaluates the potential performance gains of adopting more advanced controllers, in this case based on pole-placement, enhanced with additional variables, namely solar radiation and external temperature, obtained with dedicated low-cost sensors. This approach is evaluated both in simulated and real-world environments. The obtained results show that pole-placement controllers clearly outperform on-off controllers and that the use of the additional variables in pole-placement controllers allows relevant performance gains in key parameters such as error signal MSE (17%) and control signal variance (40%), when compared with simple PP controllers. The observed energy consumption savings obtained by using the additional variables are marginal (≈1%, but the reduction of the error signal MSE and control signal variance have a significant impact on energy consumption peaks and on equipment lifetime, thus largely compensating the increase in the system complexity.

Modelica-Based Control of a Delta Robot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Okasha ◽  
Scott A. Bortoff
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Impedance Control ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equations ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Delta Robot ◽  
And Control ◽  
Assembly Tasks

Abstract In this paper we derive a dynamic model of the delta robot and two formulations of the manipulator Jacobian that comprise a system of singularity-free, index-one differential algebraic equations that is well-suited for model-based control design and computer simulation. One of the Jacobians is intended for time-domain simulation, while the other is for use in discrete-time control algorithms. The model is well-posed and numerically well-conditioned throughout the workspace, including at kinematic singularities. We use the model to derive an approximate feedback linearizing control algorithm that can be used for both trajectory tracking and impedance control, enabling some assembly tasks involving contact and collisions. The model and control algorithms are realized in the open-source Modelica language, and a Modelica-based software architecture is described that allows for a seamless development process from mathematical derivation of control algorithms, to desktop simulation, and finally to laboratory-scale experimental testing without the need to recode any aspect of the control algorithm. Simulation and experimental results are provided.

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