scholarly journals Altered relationship between anandamide and glutamate in circulation after 30 min of arm cycling: A comparison of chronic pain subject with healthy controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 174480691989836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Stensson ◽  
Anna Grimby-Ekman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Arm Cycling ◽  
Group Post

The insufficient knowledge of biochemical mechanisms behind the emergence and maintenance of chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions constrains the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for clinical use. However, physical activity and exercise may improve pain severity and physical function during chronic pain conditions. Nevertheless, the biochemical consequences of physical activity and exercise in chronic pain need to be elucidated to increase the precision of this therapeutic tool in chronic pain treatment. The endocannabinoid system has been suggested to play an important role in exercise-induced reward and pain inhibition. Moreover, glutamatergic signalling has been suggested as an important factor for sensation and transmission of pain. In addition, a link has been established between the endocannabinoid system and glutamatergic pathways. This study examines the effect of dynamic load arm cycling (30 min) on levels of lipid mediators related to the endocannabinoid system and glutamate in plasma of chronic pain subjects and pain-free controls. Pain assessments and plasma levels of arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide), 2-aracidonoylglycerol, oleoylethanolamide, palmitoylethanolamide, stearoylethanolamide and glutamate from 21 subjects with chronic neck pain (chronic pain group) and 11 healthy controls were analysed pre and post intervention of dynamic load arm cycling. Pain intensity was significantly different between groups pre and post exercise. Post exercise, anandamide levels were significantly decreased in health controls but not in the chronic pain group. A strong positive correlation existed between anandamide and glutamate in the control group post exercise but not in the chronic pain group. Moreover, the glutamate/anandamide ratio increased significantly in the control group and differed significantly with the chronic pain group post exercise. The altered relationship between anandamide and glutamate after the intervention in the chronic pain group might reflect alterations in the endocannabinoid-glutamate mechanistic links in the chronic pain group compared to the pain-free control group.

scholarly journals Levels of physical activity in people with chronic pain

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy Parker ◽  
Emma Bergman ◽  
Anelisiwe Mntambo ◽  
Shannon Stubbs ◽  
Matthew Wills
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Pain Management ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Management Intervention

Background: People who suffer from chronic pain are thought to have lower levels of physical activity compared to healthy individuals. However, there is a lack of evidence concerning levels of physical activity in South Africans with chronic pain. Objectives: To compare levels of physical activity in a South African sample of people with chronic pain compared to matched controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 24 participants (12 with chronic pain and 12 in the control group matched for age, gender and residential area). Convenience sampling was used. The participants with chronic pain (12) were identified from the Groote Schuur Hospital, Chronic Pain Management Clinic (CPMC) waiting list and had not yet received any chronic pain management intervention. Healthy matched controls were selected from volunteers in the community. With the desired alpha level set at 0.05 and the power at 0.9, 45 participants were required to detect a minimum of a 50 per cent difference between groups in levels of physical activity as measured in steps per day using pedometers. The international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the brief pain inventory (BPI) were used as measures of physical activity and pain. Objective indicators of physical activity that were used included the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), repeated sit-to-stand test (RSST), 7 days of pedometry and body mass index (BMI). Results: The chronic pain group performed significantly worse on the 6MWT (335 m [30–430] vs 680 m [430–795]; U = 0.5; p < 0.01) and on the RSST (17.9 s [11.83–105] vs 7.85 s [5.5–11.5]; U = 0; p < 0.01). The chronic pain group also had significantly lower scores on pedometry (mean daily: 2985.1 [32.8–13785.4] vs 6409.4 [4207.1–15313.6]; U = 35; p < 0.03). The BMI for the chronic pain group was significantly higher than matched controls (29.36 kg/m2 [18.94–34.63] vs 22.16 kg/m2 [17.1–30.86]; U = 34; p < 0.03). Conclusion: Participants with chronic pain had a reduced capacity for physical activity. The pedometry results illustrate a range of maladaptive strategies adopted by those with chronic pain. The majority of people with chronic pain appear to avoid physical activity leading to greater disability as a result of immobility and muscle atrophy. However, a small subgroup appears to ignore their pain and push themselves physically despite their pain. This perseverance behaviour leads to further pain as a consequence of muscle and joint overuse. Both maladaptive behavioural responses result in further sensitisation of the central nervous system. The method used to target physical activity in these patients should be considered in treatment planning, specifically for physiotherapy.

scholarly journals Acute and sub-acute changes in dynamic postural control following hip arthroscopy and post-operative rehabilitation.”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D Freke ◽  
Matthew King ◽  
Kay M Crossley ◽  
Kevin J Sims ◽  
Adam Semciw
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Hip Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Context: Hip pain is associated with impairments in postural control and balance. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a reliable and valid method to measure dynamic postural control. Objective: Examine changes to dynamic postural control following hip arthroscopy and subsequent rehabilitation from pre-surgery to three and six months post arthroscopy. Setting: Sixty-seven individuals (47 men) scheduled for hip arthroscopy to address chondrolabral pathology were matched with sixty-seven healthy controls. The hip pain group underwent post-operative rehabilitation including SEBT training. Main outcome measures: SEBT reach normalized to limb length was collected pre-surgery and at three and six months post surgery, and compared with healthy matched controls. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) evaluated whether SEBT reach differed between the three time points and t-tests were used to evaluate between-limb and between-group differences. Results: Pre-surgical SEBT reach was significantly less than the control group in all directions (p&lt;0.001). At three months post surgery, SEBT reach significantly increased in the posterior-lateral (PL) (p&lt;0.001), anterior-lateral (AL) (p&lt;0.001) and posterior-medial (PM) (p=0.006) directions from pre-surgery. At six months post surgery, all directions of reach had significantly increased (p&lt;0.001) from baseline. Compared to the control group, AL (−2.5 %, p=0.038), anterior medial (AM) (−2.9%, p=0.019) and posterior-medial (PM) (−5.2%, p= 0.002) reach remained significantly less at six months post surgery. No significant difference existed between the control and surgical groups for reach in the PL (−3.6%, p=0.061) direction. Conclusions: Pre-surgical dynamic balance control within a hip pain group was significantly poorer than matched controls as measured by the SEBT. At three months post hip arthroscopy, there were significant improvements in dynamic balance in the PM, PL and AL SEBT directions. By six months post surgery, all directions of SEBT reach had significantly improved but only PL reach improved to the level of healthy controls.

scholarly journals Adverse effects of COVID-19 related lockdown on pain, physical activity and psychological wellbeing in people with chronic pain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Fallon ◽  
Christopher Brown ◽  
Hannah Twiddy ◽  
Eleanor Brian ◽  
Bernhard Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Pain Symptoms

AbstractCountries across the world imposed lockdown restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been proposed that lockdown conditions disproportionately impact those living with chronic pain, requiring adaptation to treatment and care strategies. We investigated how lockdown restrictions in the United Kingdom impacted individuals with chronic pain (N = 431) relative to a healthy control group (N = 88) using an online survey. In accordance with the fear-avoidance model, we hypothesised increases in perceived pain and psychological distress that would be mediated by pain catastrophizing. Survey questions answered during the lockdown period, probing patients’ self-perceived changes retrospectively, revealed that people with chronic pain perceived increases in their pain severity compared to before lockdown. They were also more adversely affected by lockdown compared to pain-free individuals, demonstrating greater increases in anxiety and depressed mood, increased loneliness and reduced levels of physical exercise. Pain catastrophizing was found to be an important factor in predicting the extent of self-perceived increases in pain, and accounted for the relationship between decreased mood and pain. Perceived decreases in levels of physical exercise also independently predicted perceptions of increased pain. Interestingly, actual changes in pain symptoms (measured at two time points at pre- and post-lockdown in a subgroup, N = 85) did not change significantly on average, but those reporting increases also demonstrated greater baseline levels of pain catastrophizing. Overall, the findings suggest that remote pain management provision to target reduction of catastrophizing and increases to physical activity could be beneficial for chronic pain patients in overcoming the adverse effects of lockdown.

scholarly journals Chronic Pain Has Little Effect on Physical Condition During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: A Web-based Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Tetsunaga ◽  
Tomonori Tetsunaga ◽  
Haruo Misawa ◽  
Hironori Tsuji ◽  
Toshifumi Ozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Work Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Chronic pain affects people negatively, both mentally and physically. It is unclear how chronic pain affects people during social isolation and remote work due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of chronic pain on life during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods This retrospective study included 4,972 matched-participants with or without chronic pain (2,311 males, 2,661 females; mean age, 53.8 years). The participants were divided into a chronic pain group (n=2,486) and a control group (n=2,486). Participants with chronic pain for three months or more were classified into the chronic pain group. All participants completed self-reported questionnaires. Factors related to physical condition during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.Results Significant differences were found between participants with and without chronic pain for the pain that developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, lifestyle, interpersonal relationships, psychological factors related to COVID-19, and deterioration of physical condition. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified insomnia, poor work/study/housework performance, and anxiety/depression as factors related to deterioration of physical condition. Chronic pain was not identified as factor related to deterioration of physical condition.Conclusions The effect of chronic pain on lifestyle and physical condition during the COVID-19 pandemic was limited. The factors related to deterioration of the physical condition were insomnia, poor work/study/housework performance, and anxiety/depression.

scholarly journals Building on Lessons Learned in a Mobile Intervention to Reduce Pain and Improve Health (MORPH): Protocol for the MORPH-II Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Fanning ◽  
Amber K Brooks ◽  
Katherine L Hsieh ◽  
Kyle Kershner ◽  
Joy Furlipa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Improve Health

BACKGROUND Engaging in sufficient levels of physical activity, guarding against sustained sitting, and maintaining a healthy body weight represent important lifestyle strategies for managing older adults’ chronic pain. Our first Mobile Health Intervention to Reduce Pain and Improve Health (MORPH) randomized pilot study demonstrated that a partially remote group-mediated diet and daylong activity intervention (ie, a focus on moving often throughout the day) can lead to improved physical function, weight loss, less pain intensity, and fewer minutes of sedentary time. We also identified unique delivery challenges that limited the program’s scalability and potential efficacy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the MORPH-II randomized pilot study is to refine the MORPH intervention package based on feedback from MORPH and evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of this revised package prior to conducting a larger clinical trial. METHODS The MORPH-II study is an iteration on MORPH designed to pilot a refined framework, enhance scalability through fully remote delivery, and increase uptake of the daylong movement protocol through revised education content and additional personalized remote coaching. Older, obese, and low-active adults with chronic multisite pain (n=30) will be randomly assigned to receive a 12-week remote group-mediated physical activity and dietary weight loss intervention followed by a 12-week maintenance period or a control condition. Those in the intervention condition will partake in weekly social cognitive theory–based group meetings via teleconference software plus one-on-one support calls on a tapered schedule. They will also engage with a tablet application paired with a wearable activity monitor and smart scale designed to provide ongoing social and behavioral support throughout the week. Those in the control group will receive only the self-monitoring tools. RESULTS Recruitment is ongoing as of January 2021. CONCLUSIONS Findings from MORPH-II will help guide other researchers working to intervene on sedentary behavior through frequent movement in older adults with chronic pain. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04655001; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04655001 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/29013

scholarly journals Adverse effects of COVID-19-related lockdown on pain, physical activity and psychological well-being in people with chronic pain

2020 ◽  
pp. 204946372097370
Author(s):  
Nicholas Fallon ◽  
Christopher Brown ◽  
Hannah Twiddy ◽  
Eleanor Brian ◽  
Bernhard Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pain Catastrophising

Countries across the world imposed lockdown restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been proposed that lockdown conditions, including social and physical distancing measures, may disproportionately impact those living with chronic pain and require rapid adaptation to treatment and care strategies. Using an online methodology, we investigated how lockdown restrictions in the United Kingdom impacted individuals with chronic pain (N = 431) relative to a healthy control group (N = 88). Data were collected during the most stringent period of lockdown in the United Kingdom (mid-April to early-May 2020). In accordance with the fear-avoidance model, we hypothesised lockdown-related increases in pain and psychological distress, which would be mediated by levels of pain catastrophising. Responses indicated that people with chronic pain perceived increased pain severity, compared to their estimation of typical pain levels prior to lockdown (p < .001). They were also more adversely affected by lockdown conditions compared to pain-free individuals, demonstrating greater self-perceived increases in anxiety and depressed mood, increased loneliness and reduced levels of physical exercise (p ⩽ .001). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that pain catastrophising was an important factor relating to the extent of self-perceived increases in pain severity during lockdown (β = .27, p < .001) and also mediated the relationship between decreased mood and pain. Perceived decreases in levels of physical exercise also related to perceptions of increased pain (β = .15, p < .001). Interestingly, levels of pain intensity (measured at two time points at pre and during lockdown) in a subgroup (N = 85) did not demonstrate a significant change. However, individuals in this subgroup still reported self-perceived pain increases during lockdown, which were also predicted by baseline levels of pain catastrophising. Overall, the findings indicate that people with chronic pain suffer adverse effects of lockdown including self-perceived increases in their pain. Remote pain management provision to target reduction of pain catastrophising and increase health behaviours including physical activity could be beneficial for this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals The Level of Physical Activity, Lung Function and Exercise Capacity of Children and Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis Compared to Healthy Controls

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjane Cardoso ◽  
Caroline Jacoby Schmidt ◽  
Gabriela Motter ◽  
Gabrielle Costa Borba ◽  
Tatiana Helena Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background : people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have progressive limitation to physical exercise and reduced daily living activities. Regular physical activity (PA) and exercise contribute to the quality of live of people with CF. The objective of this study was to evaluate level of PA , lung function and functional capacity in children and adolescents diagnosed with CF and compare them with those of healthy children and adolescents. Methodology: the study had a cross-sectional design with a control group. Patients with CF were followed at the Children’s Pneumology Outpatient Clinic, and were matched for age and sex with healthy controls from a local public school. The evaluations included daily step count, the shuttle walk test and spirometry. Results: 70 children and adolescents were evaluated, 35 diagnosed with CF and 35 healthy controls. The overall mean age was 11.6±2.9 years. There was no significant difference in level of PA between the patient and control groups. Gender analysis revealed no significant difference in level of PA between the groups or within the CF group. The CF group values were significantly lower than the control group for BMI (p=0.04), percentage of predicted FEV 1 and FEV 1 Z-score (p=0.02 and p=0.010). Conclusion: In this sample, children and adolescents with CF had the same level of PA as their healthy peers. Boys and girls with CF had similar level of PA when stratified by sex, as well as when compared to healthy peers of the same gender. Differences were observed between BMI, FEV 1 and some functional capacity test variables between the groups.

Activity and Vestibular Function in Chronic Schizophrenia

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry E. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Low Levels

This study was designed to assess vestibular function in persons with chronic schizophrenia and to determine whether a lifestyle characterized by little physical activity is related to existing dysfunction. Four groups of subjects were assembled. One group was composed of persons with the diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia. A second group was composed of spinal pain patients who were assumed to reflect chronically low levels of physical activity, but without suspected neurological involvement. The third group was composed of manic patients being treated with neuroleptic medications, as were the chronic schizophrenics. This group acted as a medication control group. The fourth group was a control group composed primarily of occupational and physical therapists in the community. Tests designed to assess vestibular function and tests designed to assess physical activity level were administered individually to each member of each group. It was hypothesized that if both the chronic schizophrenic group and the spinal pain group manifested low scores on vestibular instruments as well as low scores on the activity instrument when compared to control subjects, then prolonged levels of physical inactivity and not a primary neurological dysfunction could possibly be associated with vestibularly based sensory integrative dysfunctions in these populations. This was not found. However, low levels of physical activity were experimentally confirmed in both the chronic schizophrenic and the spinal pain group. Additionally, similar patterns of vestibular response were found in the chronic schizophrenic and the manic groups suggesting the possible interference of neuroleptic medications when vestibular functions are considered.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Training Combined with Increased Physical Activity to Prevent Chronic Pain in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Hirase ◽  
Hideki Kataoka ◽  
Shigeru Inokuchi ◽  
Jiro Nakano ◽  
Junya Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objective. With the aim of developing a chronic pain prevention program, this randomized controlled trial examined whether exercise training combined with increased physical activity more effectively improves pain and physical activity than exercise training alone in community-dwelling older adults without chronic pain. Methods. We randomized 76 older adults without chronic pain into an intervention group n=38 involving exercise training combined with increased physical activity and a control group n=38 involving exercise training alone. The exercise training comprised weekly 60-min sessions for 12 weeks. The program to increase physical activity required participants to record their daily step counts using pedometers. Pain intensity, total number of pain sites, and physical activity were assessed before and 12 weeks after the intervention. Results. A time-by-group interaction was found for physical activity, with the intervention group showing significant improvement p<0.05. The intervention group also showed greater improvement in pain intensity and total number of pain sites at 12 weeks after intervention than the control group p<0.05. Conclusions. In older adults without chronic pain, exercise training combined with increased physical activity improves key outcome indicators more effectively than exercise training alone. “This trial is registered with UMIN000018503.”

A Common Thrombomodulin Amino Acid Dimorphism Is Associated with Myocardial Infarction

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (02) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Norlund ◽  
Johan Holm ◽  
Bengt Zöller ◽  
Ann-Kristin Öhlin
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Premature Myocardial Infarction

SummaryEndothelial dysfunction and haemostatic imbalance are believed to be important aetiological factors in the development of acute coronary syndromes. Thrombomodulin (TM) is an integral membrane protein crucial for normal endothelial function and activation of the protein C anticoagulant pathway. We have investigated the importance of a common C/T dimorphism in the TM gene (nucleotide 1418) for development of premature myocardial infarction (MI). The C/T dimorphism predicts an Ala455 to Val replacement in the sixth EGF-like domain of TM. The dimorphism was investigated in 97 MI survivors and 159 healthy controls. The C allele was significantly more frequent among patients than controls (p = 0.035). The allele frequency for the C allele was 0.82 in the patients and 0.72 in the control group. The plasma concentration of TM was investigated among healthy controls but was not related to the C/T dimorphism. In conclusion, the association of the C allele with premature MI, suggests that the TM gene and the C/T dimorphism may be aetiological factors involved in the pathogenesis of MI. Possibly, the Ala455 to Val replacement may affect the function of the TM molecule and the activation of the protein C anticoagulant pathway.

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