Associations between sexual violence, domestic violence, neglect, and alcohol consumption among Lahu hill tribe families in northern Thailand

Background: Domestic violence is one of the largest silent problems in the world. Women, children, and elderly individuals often fall victims to family members who use alcohol. However, there is lack of scientific evidence on alcohol consumption and domestic violence among Lahu hill tribe families. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of family violence, violence against women, and alcohol-related harm to children and elderly individuals and to determine the correlations between alcohol consumption and family violence among Lahu tribe families in northern Thailand. Method: A cross-sectional study was applied to collect data from participants living in 10 randomly selected villages from the list of Lahu villages in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. A validated questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test were used to collect information from the participants in private and confidential rooms at a community hall between March and August 2019. Data were described and tested for correlation at the significance levels of α = 0.05 and 0.01. Findings: A total of 350 of 719 recruited Lahu families participated in the study (response rate = 48.7%). Among female participants, 22.3% reported history of sexual harassment and 4.1% had been forced to have sex. Children and elderly individuals reported several experiences with people who had used alcohol in the past year; 6.4% had been left to live alone, 5.0% experienced financial neglect, and 1.8% had been neglected while sick. In a correlation analysis, it was found that age (r = –0.02, p value < 0.009), education (r = 0.15, p value < 0.047), marital status (r = 0.25, p value < 0.001), and religion (r = 0.20, p value < 0.008) were significantly correlated with verbal arguments among family members. Experience of sexual harassment was correlated with the presence of a drinker in the family (r = 0.22, p value < 0.001). Conclusion: Government and relevant agencies should cooperate to reduce the consumption of alcohol among Lahu men. Moreover, a specific training program to personally improve one’s skill in responding to domestic violence among children, women, and elderly individuals should also be developed and implemented in Lahu communities.

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Playing Politics with Firearms and Family Violence

The Politicization of Safety ◽

10.18574/nyu/9781479805648.003.0011 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 246-271

Author(s):

Jane K. Stoever

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Family Violence ◽

Family Members ◽

Gun Control ◽

Gender Identities

This chapter frames the discussion of the politics of firearms with an exploration of the gendered nature of domestic violence, firearm fatalities, and the firearms debate, including how women are portrayed and the gender identities of the most prominent voices for “gun rights” and gun control. Given the stark and brutal realities of firearms and family violence, politicians across the ideological spectrum should readily agree that people who violently attack or threaten family members should be subject to practical and measured restrictions on their access to firearms. Unfortunately, safety as related to firearms and family violence has become highly politicized. This chapter identifies measure that states can enact to address the loopholes that allow domestic abusers to acquire firearms even after they have been convicted of felony abuse, often to deadly effect.

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Drinking Water Investigation of Hill Tribes: A Case Study in Northern Thailand

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17051698 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1698

Author(s):

Suntorn Sudsandee ◽

Krailak Fakkaew ◽

Vivat Keawdounglek ◽

Pussadee Laor ◽

Suwalee Worakhunpiset ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Easy Access ◽

Northern Thailand ◽

Hill Tribe ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Hill Tribes ◽

Water Treatments

Hill tribes are a group of people who live in remote areas in northern Thailand. They typically use untreated water for drinking, that can lead several health problems. The six main hill tribes—Akha, Hmong, Karen, Lahu, Lisu, and Yao—were selected for the study. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Water samples were collected from the selected villages and tested for the quality at Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand. Results: the major sources of drinking water were mountain water supplies (74.3%), and commercial bottled water (21.4%). Easy access, sufficiency for the whole year, and food-drug administration sign labeled were the criteria used for selecting sources of drinking water. Colorless and safety were also used as a selection criteria for their drinking water in some tribes. Lisu, Karen, and Hmong treated their drinking water by boiling, while Akha and Lahu stored the water in certain containers to allow particle settling before drinking water without treatment. 42.0% of the water samples had a turbidity values <5 NTU, and total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria were detected in 100.0% of the samples. To prevent water-borne diseases among the hill tribe people, appropriate water treatments such as boiling, filtration, and disinfection are recommended.

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IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR-FAKTOR PEMICU KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA DENPASAR

E-Jurnal Matematika ◽

10.24843/mtk.2017.v06.i01.p151 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

LAILY A.A. ARIFIANTI ◽

KETUT JAYANEGARA ◽

G.K. GANDHIADI ◽

EKA N. KENCANA

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Family Violence ◽

Social Relationship ◽

Family Members ◽

Past Experience ◽

Primary Data ◽

Job Description ◽

Domestic Setting ◽

Variance Explained

Family or domestic violence is meant as a pattern of someone behavior that abuse his/or her power against another member(s) in a family or domestic setting. Knowing the underlying factors that trigger family violence are important to keep family members form a harmonious relationship. This work is aimed to elaborate those factors. By analyzing primary data from 120 respondents whom witness and well informed about family violence in their neighborhoods, factor analyzes is applied. Data are collected by using tested questionnaires. The results showed they were six underlying factors for family violence with total accounted for all factors were 65.19 percent. Those factors are (a) social relationship, (b) job description, (c) past experience, (d) supporting factor, (e) economics’ status, and (f) harmonious relationship level. From these factors, social relationship dominates the others with variance explained for family violence as much as 21.39 percent.

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Pulmonary function and factors associated with current smoking among the hill tribe populations in northern Thailand: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09857-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anongnad Mee-inta ◽

Ratipark Tamornpark ◽

Fartima Yeemard ◽

Panupong Upala ◽

Tawatchai Apidechkul

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northern Thailand ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hill Tribe ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

The Hill

Abstract Background Smoking is considered one of the major poor health behaviors leading to several health problems. Individuals with a poor education and economic status are vulnerable to smoking, particularly the hill tribe people in Thailand. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of current smoking, assess pulmonary function, and identify factors associated with current smoking among individuals aged 20 years and older of the hill tribes in northern Thailand. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted to gather information from the hill tribe people living in 42 hill tribe villages. A validated questionnaire, spirometry, and pulse oximetry were used as the research tools. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data from the participants in a private room after obtaining informed consent voluntarily. Chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to detect the associations between the variables at the significance level of α = 0.05. Results In total, 2216 participants were recruited into the study: 54.6% were women, 80.3% were aged 31–59 years, and 86.1% were married. The prevalence of smoking was 36.3%; 20.6% were current smokers (36.7% among men and 7.0% among women), and 15.7% were ever smokers. Half of the participants (50.1%) had smoked for ≤9 years, 80.1% smoked ≤10 pieces per day, 64.2% smoked traditional tobacco, 42.8% had low-to-moderate levels of knowledge of the harms of smoking, and 68.4% had low-to-moderate levels of attitudes toward the harms of smoking. Only sex was statistically significant among the different smoking behaviors (p-value< 0.001), and the participants’ pulmonary function was not significantly different. After controlling for age, sex, religion, and education, three variables were found to be associated with current smoking among the hill tribe people in Thailand: men were more likely to smoke than women (AOR = 7.52, 95% CI = 5.53–10.24); those who used amphetamines were more likely to smoke than those who did not (AOR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.69–5.03); those who had poor attitudes toward the harms of smoking were more likely to smoke than those who had a positive attitude toward the harms of smoking (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.53–3.97). Conclusion Translating essential health messages into the hill tribe language and improving the channel to deliver this information to the target populations, particularly men, are crucial strategies for improving their knowledge and attitudes toward the harms of smoking and making them quit smoking.

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Prevalence of and factors associated with depression in the hill tribe population aged 40 years and older in northern Thailand

International Journal of Mental Health Systems ◽

10.1186/s13033-021-00487-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Onnalin Singkhorn ◽

Tawatchai Apidechkul ◽

Khanittha Pitchalard ◽

Katemanee Moonpanane ◽

Pawadee Hamtanon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Northern Thailand ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hill Tribe ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

History Of ◽

The Hill

Abstract Background Depression is globally recognized as a major mental health problem in all age categories, particularly among those living in poor economic conditions and with low levels of education, including the hill tribe people in northern Thailand. Methods This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and determine the factors associated with depression in the hill tribe population aged 40 and over in northern Thailand. Hill tribe people who lived in the selected villages and met the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the study. A validated questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used for data collection. An interview was conducted in a private and confidential room in the selected villages between January and April 2019. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with depression at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results A total of 601 participants were recruited into the study. More than half (64.23%) were women, 46.76% were Akha, 61.90% were aged 40–59 years, and 76.37% were married. Half of the participants were Christian (57.07%) and had no monthly income (51.25%), and 85% were illiterate. The overall prevalence of depression was 39.10%: 75.74% had mild depression, 17.88% had moderate depression, and 6.38% had severe depression. In the multivariate model, three variables were found to be associated with depression: being female, having a history of substance abuse, and experiencing stress six months prior. Compared to men, women were 2.09 times (95% CI 1.30–3.35) more likely to have depression. Those who had a history of substance abuse were more likely to have depression than those who did not have a history of substance abuse (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.25–3.10). Those who had a history of stress in the prior 6 months were more likely to have depression than those who did not (AOR = 6.43; 95% CI 4.20–9.85). Conclusion Public health screening programs to identify depression in the hill tribe population are urgently needed, particularly for women, those who have abused psychoactive substances, and those who have experienced stress.

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Women veterans' experiences with domestic violence and with sexual harassment while in the military

Archives of Family Medicine ◽

10.1001/archfami.4.5.411 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 411-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

M. Murdoch

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Sexual Harassment ◽

Women Veterans ◽

The Military

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FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS WONOREJO SAMARINDA TAHUN 2017

KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.24903/kujkm.v3i2.338 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Novi Anggun Pusvitasary

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Family Member ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Family Members ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

P Value ◽

Behavioral Factors ◽

The World ◽

Health Standards

Pneumonia disease is the leading cause of death of babies in the world. The prevalence of pneumonia in infants is 18.5 / mil. Data from Samarinda City Health Office during the last 1 year there are 91 cases of pneumonia in Karang Anyar Village and 63 cases in Teluk Lerong Ulu Village. Factors causing pneumonia are toddler factors, behavioral factors, and environmental factors. The results show there is a relationship between house humidity (p value = 0,013; OR = 0,192), house dwelling density (p value = 0,024; OR = 0,214), and family member smoking behavior (p value = 0,006; OR = 10,450) with incidence of pneumonia in toddlers in the Working Area of Puskesmas Wonorejo Samarinda. There was no correlation between house temperature (p value = 0,214; OR = 0,337), house lighting (p value = 0,095; OR = 3,188) and family disease history (p value = 0,707; OR = 0,753) with Pneumonia occurrence in infant in region Work Puskesmas Wonorejo Samarinda. It was concluded that there was a relationship between house humidity, home dwelling density, and smoking behavior of family members with the incidence of pneumonia in infants. It is recommended to be able to apply housing health requirements that meet health standards to reduce the incidence of pneumonia in infants and change smoking habits.

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Autosomal Microsatellite Investigation Reveals Multiple Genetic Components of the Highlanders from Thailand

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12030383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 383

Author(s):

Aornpriya Mawan ◽

Nonglak Prakhun ◽

Kanha Muisuk ◽

Suparat Srithawong ◽

Metawee Srikummool ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Structure ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Forensic Investigation ◽

Northern Thailand ◽

Hill Tribe ◽

Genetic Components ◽

Large Populations ◽

Population Interactions ◽

Hill Tribes ◽

The Hill

The hill tribes of northern Thailand comprise nine officially recognized groups: the Austroasiatic-speaking (AA) Khmu, Htin and Lawa; the Hmong-Mien-speaking (HM) IuMien and Hmong; and the Sino-Tibetan-speaking (ST) Akha, Karen, Lahu and Lisu. Except the Lawa, the rest of the hill tribes migrated into their present habitats only very recently. The Thai hill tribes were of much interest to research groups focusing on study of cultural and genetic variation because of their unique languages and cultures. So far, there have been several genetic studies of the Thai hill tribes. However, complete forensic microsatellite database of the Thai hill tribes is still lacking. To construct such database, we newly generated 654 genotypes of 15 microsatellites commonly used in forensic investigation that belong to all the nine hill tribes and also non-hill tribe highlanders from northern Thailand. We also combined 329 genotypes from previous studies of northern Thai populations bringing to a total of 983 genotypes, which were then subjected to genetic structure and population relationships analyses. Our overall results indicated homogenous genetic structure within the HM- and Tai-Kadai (TK)-speaking groups, large genetic divergence of the HM-speaking Hmong but not IuMien from the other Thai groups, and genetic heterogeneity within the ST- and AA-speaking groups, reflecting different population interactions and admixtures. In addition to establishing genetic relationships within and among these populations, our finding, which provides a more complete picture of the forensic microsatellite database of the multiple Thai highland dwellers, would not only serve to expand and strengthen forensic investigation in Thailand, but would also benefit its neighboring countries of Laos and Myanmar, from which many of the Thai hill tribes originated and where large populations of these ethnic groups still reside.

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Murmurations: Scale-Free Correlation and Atmospheric Attunement in Families Organizing around Domestic Violence

ISLE Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment ◽

10.1093/isle/isaa186 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kirstin Wagner

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Family Members ◽

Nonhuman Animal ◽

Scale Free ◽

Human Family

Abstract This essay seeks to complicate seemingly rigid notions of instinct, agency, and survival for proximate bodies resisting violence through cooperative spatial attunement. I place the behaviors and movements of murmurating starlings (and other nonhuman animal beings in various states of fear/pain) alongside human family members in families organizing around domestic violence in order to theorize predation-evasion-induced scale-free correlation (PEISFC) as a trans-species process of “atmospheric attunement” that resists violence.

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