scholarly journals Perceived goal setting practices across a competitive season

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Forsblom ◽  
Niilo Konttinen ◽  
Robert Weinberg ◽  
Pertti Matilainen ◽  
Taru Lintunen
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Women's Sport ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Outcome Goals ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
And Performance

Goal setting is an effective and frequently used tool for performance enhancement in sports. However, in the previous studies, the focus has been on goal effectiveness among individual male athletes and at one point in time. Therefore, the purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine goal setting practices in women’s sport teams across a competitive season from players’ individual and team perspectives. A total of 146 female players representing 24 teams in ice hockey, ringette, or floorball completed three online surveys. Surveys focused on setting outcome, process, and performance goals, as well as evaluating the follow-through of setting goals and actually reaching these goals across the season. The results indicated that teams set collective outcome goals, and several process, and performance goals at the outset of the season. One-third of the participants reported that these goals were recorded. Furthermore, results revealed that after the season, the achievement of the outcome goal was evaluated, whereas the attainment of process and performance goals was evaluated only occasionally. It is argued that the lack of follow-through in evaluating process and performance goals may be attributed to setting too many goals and not writing them down. It appeared that one-third of the teams did consistently follow the goal setting principles, and although this resulted in increased goal evaluation, it did not result in increased goal attainment. A number of future directions for research are offered and it is recommended that coaches should be made more aware of these guidelines and the importance of following them to achieve maximum benefits of a goal setting program.

Goal Setting in Sport and Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Healy ◽  
Alison Tincknell-Smith ◽  
Nikos Ntoumanis
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Goal Progress ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Critical Commentary ◽  
And Performance

Within sporting contexts, goal setting is a commonly used technique that can lead to enhanced performance. Recommendations for goal setting have been widely embraced in sport and performance settings by researchers, practitioners, athletes, and coaches. However, it could be argued that these recommendations are overly simplistic, and that a lack of critical commentary in the sporting literature fails to acknowledge the complexity of goal setting in practice. For example, there has been limited acknowledgement within the applied recommendations of important factors such as personal differences with those individuals setting goals, contextual and environmental factors, and the characteristics of goals being pursed. Equally, the focus of goal setting research and practice has predominantly been on goal progress or goal attainment, thus overlooking the wider benefits of effective goal pursuit on additional aspects such as well-being. Similarly, the interactions between these factors has gained little attention with the academic literature or applied recommendations. This may result in diminished effectiveness of goal setting for athletes, and ultimately lead to sub-optimal performance and well-being. Critical and comprehensive reviews of the literature are timely and necessary, in order to develop a deeper understanding of goal setting in sport and performance. Combining research from both within sport and from theorists examining goals within other contexts can enhance our understanding of how to promote and support adaptive goal pursuit within sport and performance. Overall, this may lead to more appropriate and useful recommendations for researchers, athletes, coaches, and applied practitioners, ensuring that goal setting can be an effective technique for a range of individuals within sport and performance contexts.

An Exploration of Experiences of Female Participants in Power and Performance Sports

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Stacia Ming ◽  
Duncan Simpson ◽  
Daniel Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Women's Sport ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Personal Accounts

Throughout the history of sport, men have played a leading role in its organization, function, purpose, and exposition (Hargreaves, 2000). Women’s sport participation has drastically risen over the past 40 years and ample new opportunities have emerged within the sport realm for women, which are attributed to a collection of incentives, but chiefly resulting from the passage of Title IX (Coakley, 2009). Women are allowed to participate in physically intense, aggressive, and violent sports, often referred to as power and performance sports (Coakley, 2014), however, the occurrence of this form of sport involvement appears to run counterintuitive to traditionally accepted societal norms. Consequently, the intent of this research was to explore how female athletes experience, interpret, accept, tolerate, and or resist the presumed contradictory role adopted through participation in power and performance sports. For the purpose of this study, existential phenomenological interviews were conducted that yielded in-depth personal accounts of the lived experience of 12 female athletes ranging in age from 21 to 50, representing a variety of power and performance sports (i.e., rugby, ice hockey, jiu-jitsu, kenpo, muay thai, kendo, boxing, and mixed martial arts). Analysis of the transcripts revealed a total of 381 meaning units that were further grouped into subthemes and major themes. This led to the development of a final thematic structure revealing four major dimensions that characterized these athletes’ experiences of power and performance sports: Physicality, Mentality, Opportunity, and Attraction & Alliance.

Winning Isn’t Everything: Examining the Impact of Performance Goals on Collegiate Swimmers’ Cognitions and Performance

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Burton
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Study Data

Sport psychologists believe that contemporary sport’s pervasive preoccupation with winning may actually be responsible for athletes’ anxiety, motivation, and self-confidence problems. Winning is a goal that lacks the flexibility and control necessary for athletes to (a) achieve consistent success and (b) take credit for success. Martens and Burton (1982) concluded that performance goals (PGs) based on attaining personal performance standards offer the flexibility and control needed to develop high perceived ability and performance. Thus the purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to evaluate whether a goal setting training (GST) program could teach athletes to set appropriate PGs, and (b) to assess the impact of the GST program on the perceived ability, competitive cognitions, and performance of collegiate swimmers. A collegiate swim team (N=30) participated in a season-long GST program, and program effects were systematically evaluated with a multimethod approach using interteam, intrateam, and case study data. Interteam and case study data generally supported both predictions. Intrateam analyses revealed that high-accuracy GST swimmers demonstrated more optimal cognitions and performance than low-accuracy teammates, suggesting that goal setting skill mediated GST effectiveness.

scholarly journals Parental Effort and Outcome Goals_Preprint

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thai-Tsuan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Outcome Goals ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
And Performance

In many East Asian societies, both Confucian emphasis on effortful learning and the instrumental value of academic grades for attaining social privilege have greatly impacted people’s achievement goals. In this study, we examined whether perceived parental effort goals and outcome goals would function independently from the often noted mastery and performance goals in prior Western literature in explaining East Asian college students’ academic dedication and self-handicapping. The reliability and the construct, concurrent, and incremental validity of newly developed scales for perceived parental effort goals and outcome goals were tested using two samples of Taiwanese students (Ns = 252, 269; 47.6% and 61.7% female; mean age = 20.44, 19.33 years). Results of confirmatory factor analyses supported the four-factor model of effort, outcome, mastery, and performance goals being distinct goal constructs. Hierarchical regression for examining the incremental validity of effort goals and outcome goals indicated that, above and beyond the influence of perceived parental mastery and performance goals, perceived parental effort goals predicted greater self-handicapping behaviors. The inverse effect of perceived parental effort goals in predicting academic adjustment may be explained by students’ sense of academic helplessness, which can be cultivated by prolonged exposure to such parental goals. The regression analyses also found perceived paternal, but not maternal, outcome goals predicted stronger academic dedication, suggesting that East Asian students may interpret paternal interest in test scores as concern for children’s future social and economic wellbeing and perceive similar maternal interest with apprehension.

scholarly journals ‘Integrity, Sportsmanship, Character’: Baseball’s Moral Entrepreneurs and the Production and Reproduction of Institutional Autonomy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Abrutyn
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Institutional Autonomy ◽  
Structural Domains ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs ◽  
Action Goal ◽  
Hall Of Fame ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Institutional Boundaries

Sociologists have long argued that institutions like religion or economy can become relatively distinct spheres that facilitate and constrain action, goal setting, and decision-making. But, few empirical studies have looked closely at how institutions become relatively distinct cultural and structural domains. This paper examines how institutional entrepreneurs—in this case, Major League Baseball (MLB) sportswriters—build and sustain institutional boundaries by considering how they create a distinct cultural discourse that infuses baseball places, times, and events with culturally distinct meanings. Drawing from sportswriters’ columns, documentaries, and monographs written on baseball, we show that MLB entrepreneurs have developed and disseminated a discourse oriented around the generalized medium of sport exchange, interaction, and communication: competitiveness. Using these data, the paper below examines how this medium becomes quantified and embodied in tangible and intangible forms. Additionally, the paper draws on sports columns that illustrate how MLB entrepreneurs protect the autonomy of a sacred core (the Hall of Fame) from internal threats (gambling and performance-enhancement drugs) and external corruption (the influence of money). The paper ends with a discussion of implications for the applicability of the findings to other sports and institutional domains.

scholarly journals Goal setting in teams: The impact of learning and performance goals on process and performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Nahrgang ◽  
D. Scott DeRue ◽  
John R. Hollenbeck ◽  
Matthias Spitzmuller ◽  
Dustin K. Jundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Learning And Performance

scholarly journals Perceived self-efficacy of students in a business simulation game

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Dumblekar ◽  
Upinder Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Simulation Game ◽  
Business Simulation ◽  
Simulation Games ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Self-efficacy is an individual's confidence in the personal ability to complete a task under specified conditions. Game self-efficacy is the belief of game players that they would win in a business simulation game competition. To understand the composites of such belief, an instrument of 30 statements was developed and statistically tested on 227 undergraduate students at the end of a business simulation game competition. The factor analysis produced eight factors of perceived game self-efficacy, namely, innovation, experimentation, conviction, openness, focus, proactivity, conceptualisation and determination. These factors have significant research implications for goal-oriented behaviour, goal setting and performance enhancement at work and in games and competitions, and in developing simulation games.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document