The influence of different game formats on technical actions and playing time parameters – A study with under-7 and under-9 soccer players in a competitive context

2022 ◽  
pp. 174795412110516
Author(s):  
Fynn Bergmann ◽  
Michael Braksiek ◽  
Christopher Meier
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
High Involvement ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
Playing Time

Soccer competitions in childhood should ensure a high involvement of all players regardless of their talent. The purpose of the present study was to compare soccer players’ technical actions and playing time parameters in 7v7 in comparison to 3v3 (on mini-goals without goalkeepers; under-7) and 5v5 (on 1.65 × 5 m. goals with goalkeepers; under-9) game formats in a competitive context. Using a quasi-experimental within-subject design, tournaments with under-7 ( n = 42) and under-9 ( n = 43) players were conducted. Technical actions and playing time parameters were rated. Based on the total number of technical actions in 7v7, median splits of the samples were conducted to compare differences between high-involved (dominant) and low-involved (non-dominant) players. No differences in the effective playing time comparing game formats within the age groups were found. In total, 7884 technical actions were rated. In both age groups, the total number of technical actions was higher in the smaller game formats. In under-7, the number of technical actions in all variables was higher in 3v3. In under-9, the number of technical actions was also higher in 5v5 except for unsuccessful passes as well as successful 1v1 situations. More unsuccessful 1v1 situations were found in 7v7. Concerning the total number of technical actions, both dominant and non-dominant players in both age groups performed more technical actions in small-sided games. Due to the higher involvement of the children, better conditions for the acquisition of soccer-specific skills in the smaller game formats compared to 7v7 game formats can be concluded.

Efficacy of one-dose intramuscular rabies vaccine as pre-exposure prophylaxis in travellers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J Mills ◽  
Colleen L Lau ◽  
Christine Mills ◽  
Luis Furuya-Kanamori
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Alternative Schedule ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Current guidelines for rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) recommend multiple vaccine doses. Travellers sometimes present for pre-travel consultation with insufficient time to complete standard PrEP schedules. We investigated the efficacy of one-dose intramuscular (IM) vaccine in priming the immune system (as PrEP) by measuring antibody response to simulated post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Methods A quasi-experimental pre–post intervention clinical trial was conducted at a specialist travel clinic in Australia. Adults (≥18 years) without a history of rabies vaccination were included. At Visit 1, seronegative status was confirmed and one dose of 0.5 ml IM rabies vaccine (Verorab®) administered. At Visit 2 (≥60 days after Visit 1), serology was repeated and a simulated PEP dose (0.5 ml IM) given on this day and again 3 days later (Visit 3). Serology was repeated at Visit 4 (7 days after Visit 2). Results A total of 94 antibody-negative participants were included (<50 years [n = 50]; ≥50 years [n = 44]). At Visit 2, 38.0 and 31.8% of participants aged <50 and ≥50 years were antibody-positive (≥0.5 EU/ml). At Visit 4, all participants were antibody-positive; 82.0 and 47.7% of participants aged <50 and ≥50 years had antibody levels >4 EU/ml, respectively. Conclusions One-dose IM vaccine was effective as PrEP for priming the immune system in both age groups, resulting in rapid development of antibodies 7 days after commencing simulated PEP. If there is insufficient time to complete a standard PrEP schedule, one-dose IM could be considered as an alternative schedule for short trips, rather than not offering travellers any doses at all. Clinical trials registration: ACTRN12619000946112.

scholarly journals Religion: Interrelationships and Opinions in Children and Adolescents. Interaction between Age and Beliefs

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Rafael López Cordero ◽  
Francisca Ruiz Garzón ◽  
Lourdes Medina Martínez ◽  
María del Carmen Olmos-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Religious Issue ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The current trend of secularization seems to be leading to a gradual withdrawal of religion from public spaces. However, in an increasingly internationalized world, it is becoming more and more important to study the roles of religion and religiosity and their potential in relation to dialogue and social conflicts and tensions. Education is a vital field within which to address this religious issue and create an educational dialogue in order to promote coexistence. By following a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, based on a quasi-experimental methodology with a social–analytical character, our aim is to assess the existing connections between religion, interrelation and opinion in Spanish children and adolescents. Special attention is paid to the interaction between age and beliefs. We carried out our study with the use of a questionnaire distributed to eleven secondary schools, with students aged between 11 and 16 years old, in three regions of southern Spain (Andalusia, Ceuta, and Melilla) characterized by high religious diversity and multiculturalism. The multivariate analysis carried out in this study identifies the effects of variance on the influence of age and religion, highlighting the interaction between the two. It is observed that the youngest students are those who express their opinions about religion the least, while those belonging to younger age groups and majority religions are those who express a greater religious coexistence, with Muslims externalizing their religious condition the most.

scholarly journals Associations between Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Jump and Change of Direction Speed Tests and Physical Performance in Adolescent Female Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Elena Pardos-Mainer ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Oliver Gonzalo-Skok ◽  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Physical Tests

The association between asymmetries in jump and change of direction (COD) with physical performance in several sports show inconclusive results. The purposes of this study were to: (1) measure inter-limb asymmetries in three distinct groups in adolescent female soccer players and, (2) to determine the association between inter-limb asymmetries and physical performance in different age groups. Fifty-four players were distributed in three age groups: U-18, U-16 and U-14. All of them performed a series of jumps, sprints and change of direction speed tests. Asymmetries were assessed as the percentage difference between limbs, with the equation: 100/Max value (right and left) * in value (right and left) * −1 + 100. Mean inter-limb asymmetries were 2.91%, 4.82% and 11.6% for 180° COD, single leg hop and single leg countermovement jump tests respectively, but higher percentages of asymmetries were observed in many players individually. U-18 and U-16 showed significant differences on 180° left COD compared to U-14. Effect size (ES): 0.80 and 0.74, respectively; U-18 presented differences on single left leg hop test compared to U-14, ES: −0.72; U-16 also showed differences on 40 m speed compared to U-14, ES 0.87 (All p < 0.05). Jumping and COD physical tests show asymmetries in adolescent female soccer players, but these asymmetries do not interfere with physical performance. The largest asymmetry was observed in the single leg countermovement jump, and no asymmetries between groups were found. Due to the high variability in the direction of asymmetries, it is recommended to consider players’ individual asymmetries for designing specific training programs.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Match Demands Using Ball-in-Play versus Whole Match Data in Professional Soccer Players of the English Championship

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Dylan Mernagh ◽  
Anthony Weldon ◽  
Josh Wass ◽  
John Phillips ◽  
Nimai Parmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Peak Match ◽  
Playing Time

This is the first study to report the whole match, ball-in-play (BiP), ball-out-of-play (BoP), and Max BiP (worst case scenario phases of play) demands of professional soccer players competing in the English Championship. Effective playing time per soccer game is typically <60 min. When the ball is out of play, players spend time repositioning themselves, which is likely less physically demanding. Consequently, reporting whole match demands may under-report the physical requirements of soccer players. Twenty professional soccer players, categorized by position (defenders, midfielders, and forwards), participated in this study. A repeated measures design was used to collect Global Positioning System (GPS) data over eight professional soccer matches in the English Championship. Data were divided into whole match and BiP data, and BiP data were further sub-divided into different time points (30–60 s, 60–90 s, and >90 s), providing peak match demands. Whole match demands recorded were compared to BiP and Max BiP, with BiP data excluding all match stoppages, providing a more precise analysis of match demands. Whole match metrics were significantly lower than BiP metrics (p < 0.05), and Max BiP for 30–60 s was significantly higher than periods between 60–90 s and >90 s. No significant differences were found between positions. BiP analysis allows for a more accurate representation of the game and physical demands imposed on professional soccer players. Through having a clearer understanding of maximum game demands in professional soccer, practitioners can design more specific training methods to better prepare players for worst case scenario passages of play.

scholarly journals Exercise intensity during official soccer matches

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barbosa Coelho ◽  
Rodney Coelho da Paixão ◽  
Emerson Cruz de Oliveira ◽  
Lenice Kappes Becker ◽  
João Batista Ferreira-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Blood Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise ◽  
In The Beginning

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p621 The aims of the study were: 1) to analyze the exercise intensity in several phases (six phases of 15 min) of soccer matches; 2) to compare the match time spent above anaerobic threshold (AT) between different age groups (U-17 and U-20); and 3) to compare the match time spent above AT between players’ positions (backs, midfielders, forwards and wingabcks). Forty-four male soccer players were analyzed. To express players’ effort, the heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored in 29 official matches. Further, HR corresponding to the intensity at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) was obtained in a field test. The highest exercise intensity during match was observed in the 15-30 min period of the first half (p< 0.05). Match time spent above AT was not different between players from U-17 and U-20. In the comparison among players’ positions, wingbacks showed lower time above AT (p< 0.05) than players of other positions. The intensity of effort is higher in the 15 to 30 minutes of play (intermediate phase), probably because the players are more rested in the beginning and wearing out is progressive throughout the game. It is also noteworthy that the intensity of exercise (HR and time above AT) of wingbacks was lower, probably because they usually are required to run a larger number of sprints and need more time below the AT to recover. 

Assessment of fundamental movement patterns and risk of injury in male soccer players

Physiotherapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Gadziński ◽  
Agata Masłoń ◽  
Dorota Czechowska ◽  
Joanna Golec ◽  
Elżbieta Szczygieł ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fundamental Movement Patterns

AbstractIntroduction. The aim of the study was to assess the functional status of male soccer players in different age groups who played on different surfaces. Methods. The study included 45 soccer players aged 13-35 years. Among them, 15 were junior players, 15 were players of the senior Silesia-Opole 3rd league (SL), and 15 were senior players in the futsal Extra Class league (SF). The functional status and basic motor skills were assessed according to the results obtained in seven motor tasks included in the Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS) test. Results. The mean total scores in the FMS test were statistically significantly higher among both senior futsal and senior 3

scholarly journals Fundamental Tactical Principles of Soccer: a Comparison of Different Age Groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Borges ◽  
José Guilherme ◽  
Leandro Rechenchosky ◽  
Luciane Cristina Arantes da Costa ◽  
Wilson Rinadi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Cohen's Kappa

AbstractThe fundamental tactical principles of the game of soccer represent a set of action rules that guide behaviours related to the management of game space. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of fundamental offensive and defensive tactical principles among youth soccer players from 12 to 17 years old. The sample consisted of 3689 tactical actions performed by 48 soccer players in three age categories: under 13 (U-13), under 15 (U-15), and under 17 (U-17). Tactical performance was measured using the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT). The Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman, Wilcoxon, and Cohen’s Kappa tests were used in the study analysis. The results showed that the principles of “offensive coverage” (p = 0.01) and “concentration” (p = 0.04) were performed more frequently by the U-17 players than the U-13 players. The tactical principles “width and length” (p < 0.05) and “defensive unit” (p < 0.05) were executed more frequently by younger soccer players. It can be concluded that the frequency with which fundamental tactical principles are performed varies between the gaming categories, which implies that there is valuation of defensive security and a progressive increase in “offensive coverage” caused by increased confidence and security in offensive actions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bedbath in critically ill patients: impact of water temperature on the pulse oximetry variation

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aretha Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Dalmo Valério Machado de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Water Temperature Data

This is a participant study, quasi-experimental, of a before and after type. A quantitative approach of biophysiological measures was used, represented by the saturation of oxygen measured by pulse oximeter (SpO2), and recorded on three occasions: before, during and after the bedbath in critically ill patients hospitalized at the ICU of a University Hospital in Brazil. Objective: to compare the SpO2 in various stages of the bath, with and without control of water temperature. Data collection was performed between December 2007 and April 2008 on a convenience sample consisting of 30 patients aged over 18 who had classification in TISS-28 from level II. Results show that water temperature control means a lower variation of SpO2 (p<0.05). No marked differences in variation of saturation between men and women or between age groups were established. In conclusion, heated and constant water temperature during the bedbath is able to minimize the fall of SpO2 that occurs while handling patients during procedures.

Comment on “Three Aspects of Cognitive Development”

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Asher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regression Toward The Mean ◽  
Two Age Groups

In Exp. 2 of Siegler's 1976 study a faulty quasi-experimental design was used. The stated results, that older and younger children with apparently equal initial performance derived different benefits from identical experience, can also be explained by a confounding with regression toward the mean. These effects are a result of a selective matching of subjects from two age groups on a fallible variable correlated with age.

scholarly journals Coaches’ Evaluations of Match Performance in Academy Soccer Players in Relation to the Adolescent Growth Spurt

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Hill ◽  
Sam Scott ◽  
Darragh McGee ◽  
Sean Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Talent Selection ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Player Performance

AbstractIndividual differences in biological maturation present challenges for coaches involved with youth soccer players. Youth in the same chronological age group vary in terms of stage of maturity (pre, circum- and post-pubescent) and rate of growth, but how this affects coaches’ evaluations of player performance is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare youth soccer coaches’ evaluations of players match performances before, during and post growth spurt in a professional English soccer academy across four seasons. Two hundred and seventy-eight male soccer players in the under-9 to under-16 age-groups had their performances evaluated by their coach on a 4-point Likert scale. For each game, players were categorised by their maturity status estimated using percentage of predicted adult height at the time of observation. A one-way ANCOVA controlling for the level of opposition and game outcome revealed that coaches’ evaluations declined from the pre- to during growth spurt stages, however, this was only significant in the under 12 age-group. Further, coaches’ evaluations increased again in the post-growth spurt stage, although only significant in the under 15 age-group. Coaches evaluations of player performance appear to vary in accordance with stage of maturity and rate of growth. Practitioners in youth soccer should understand the extent to which maturity status may adversely impact performance and consider this when making talent selection decisions.

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