scholarly journals Gender and age inequalities in television and news production culture in Poland: Ethnography in a public broadcasting company

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Greta Gober
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
News Production ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Patriarchal Ideology ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
The Media

Previous studies that looked at the quality of media cultures that emerged in the process of democratisation in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have largely missed the role these cultures play in maintaining gender and age inequalities in the media. This ethnography fills this gap. Through the example of one public service broadcaster, Telewizja Polska (TVP), the quality of the post-communist media culture is examined. The article argues that television work in Poland is carried out under the combined pressure from political actors, economic forces and patriarchal ideology, resulting in a weak media autonomy that characterises the CEE region overall. The theoretical framework of field theory is used to demonstrate this link.

scholarly journals The kiss of death. Public service media under right-wing populist attack

2021 ◽  
pp. 026732312199133
Author(s):  
Christina Holtz-Bacha
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic Control ◽  
The Media ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Public Scrutiny

With the surge of populism in Europe, public service broadcasting has come under increased pressure. The established media are considered part of the corrupt elite not serving the interests of the people. The public service media, for which pluralism is at the core of their remit, are a particular thorn in the side of the populists. Therefore, they attack the financial basis of public service, which is supposed to guarantee their independence. The populist attacks on the traditional broadcasting corporations meet with the interests of neoliberal politics and of those political actors who want to evade public scrutiny and democratic control and do no longer feel committed to democratic accountability. The assaults on the public service media are thus an assault on freedom of the media and further increase the pressure on the democratic system.

scholarly journals Response of Apple Trees (cv. Ibrahimi) to the Time of Foliar Application with Zinc and Boron

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
A N Hadi ◽  
S A A Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Flower Traits ◽  
The Media ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Abstract The study was conducted in one of the private orchards in the Saqlawiya area - Fallujah during the 2020 growing season. The foliar spray was used to study the effect of the timing of foliar spraying (three sprays, the first at the beginning of flowering, second at the stage of full flowers blooming, and the third at the stage of petal fall), Presented with symbols (D1, D2 and D3), respectively. The second factor consisted of spraying with boron and zinc with the following concentrations (0,1, and 3 gm. L-1), mentioned as (S0, S1, S2, S3), respectively. these elements were used singly or in the form of a mixture with the same concentrations. This study aims to study the effect of the two factors on the growth and setting of apple trees, cv. Ibrahimi. Therefore, (36) five-year-old apple trees with homogeneous vegetative growth were selected as much as possible. The results revealed that foliar application with boron and zinc for the Ibrahimi apple trees improved the quality of the fruits and their vegetative and flowering traits. The results revealed that spraying with micronutrients at the stage of petal fall had a significant effect on flower traits and yield especially the media culture (M3) which presented the best results for the traits. The results revealed that spraying with micronutrients at the stage of petal fall had a significant effect on flower traits and yield especially the time (D3) which presented the best results for the traits (leaf area, Rate of increase in the length of the branches, Rate of increase in branch diameters, Fruits set Percentage, Percentage of fallen fruits and Percentage of remaining fruits, which reached (24.25cm2, 56.77cm, 0.42cm, 26.65%, 45.25%, 54.75%), respectively. On the other hand, spraying with micronutrients achieved significant effect, especially (S3), that gave the highest values for the traits (Rate of increase in branch diameters, Fruits set Percentage, Percentage of fallen fruits and Percentage of remaining fruits), which were (37.50 cm, 0.42%, 26.65%, and 46.71 gm L-1).

Women and Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-23
Author(s):  
Zeljka Lekic-Subasic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Public Service ◽  
General Public ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
National Borders

Difficulties that women face in the media professions and discrimination against women's access to decision-making posts within the media is a problem that transcends national borders. Becoming a greater part of this particular workforce would help to expand both the amount and quality of visibility for women – in news, television, and public sphere in general. Public service media (PSM), as broadcasting, made, financed, and controlled by the public and for the public, with the output designed to reach everyone and reflect all voices, should treat gender equality with the utmost importance. The existing data indicate however that, although some progress have been made, there is a lot to be done: while women among European PSMs represent 44% of the workforce, the number falls to less than 25% at the higher and executive positions. This chapter analyses the efforts made by the European Broadcasting Union's members and the measures they recommend.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Quality of Humanitarian Assistance: Taking Stock and Future Initiatives

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Griekspoor ◽  
Egbert Sondorp
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Evaluation Practice ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Media ◽  
National Governments

AbstractDuring the last five years, the debate on the performance of humanitarian assistance has intensified. The motivation to “do better” has come both from within the humanitarian agencies as well as from pressure exerted by the donors and the media. Paradoxically, until now, the voice of those who are to benefit from this assistance has not been heard.This paper is an overview of the most important initiatives to increase the quality of humanitarian assistance. The introduction of the logical framework and the increasing body of knowledge made available through guidelines have improved project management by measuring process and outcomes. Increasingly, evaluations are used to give account and to learn from experiences. But, current evaluation practice must develop in a wider variety of approaches more appropriate to create change of the operations in the field. Some agencies oppose new developments like the Sphere and the Humanitarian Accountability Projects, arguing that standards and regulation would undermine necessary flexibility to adjust responses to the local context, or be a threat to their independence. Nonetheless, standards are considered to be a prerequisite as reference to assess performance. Furthermore, it is hoped that a new breakthrough will be achieved by improved accountability towards beneficiaries.An option to address some of the gaps in the current quality assessment tools was to widen the perspective on performance from projects to the organisations behind them. Quality management models may provide the required framework, and they also can be used to embed current initiatives by organisations. Humanitarian organisations may want to develop forms of self-regulation rather than waiting for accreditation by donors. Another area in which progress is needed is a system-wide approach to performance. At this level, the influence of political actors, donors, national governments, and other representatives of the parties in a conflict also should be assessed. It is their legal obligation to protect the basic right to assistance of persons affected by disasters, as enshrined in international law.

scholarly journals Public radio and the problem of demographic change. The presenters’ perspective on senior citizens’ well-being factors in Polish Radio programmes

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-217
Author(s):  
Grażyna Stachyra
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Radio ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Important Objective

Poland is an ageing society, a fact that has social repercussions. Government programmes point to the necessity of improving the quality of life of senior citizens in various domains. An important objective in gerontology is to increase the activity of senior citizens, which renders ageing a less arduous process. This objective has been postulated to involve the media. Given its public service remit and the specificity of audial communication, which enables a non-stereotypical treatment of old age, Polish Radio is tasked with including in its programming issues concerning the social inclusion of senior citizens. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that presenters of public radio, broadly accessible and popular among senior citizens as it is, address their well-being in its regular programmes.

scholarly journals Journalism as a Public Political Agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 329-332
Keyword(s):  
Public Involvement ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
News Production ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Politics ◽  
Setting Theory

Contemporary journalism is changing dramatically. The main trigger is the development of communication technology, especially the internet. Public involvement in building issues on social media has changed news production. Because of the presence of internet journalism which originally was the process of searching for news (active), now turned into receiving news (passive). With a qualitative approach and a critical paradigm, this study uncovers how the journalism changes. Journalism is now changing from the construction of the reality of media politics to the construction of the reality of the media public agenda. The public builds a political agenda through invitation coverage, disseminates press releases, social networks, and embodied to political actors. Some of the basic assumptions of this theory are the construction of the reality of the public political agenda. First, the public constructs an agenda for their political interests. Second, the public encourages and convinces the media that its political agenda is important to the other public. Third, the public political agenda must be in line with the media-political agenda. With the construction of reality, the real powerful political agenda is public. While the media is weak because it is only a tool and has the same interests as the public political agenda. The construction theory of the public political agenda is contrary to the agenda-setting theory

Printmedia poll reporting in Poland: Poll as news in Polish parliamentary campaigns, 1991–2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Szwed
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Minimal Disclosure ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
The Way

Information about the support given by the public opinion to political actors has become a constant element of the public debate in Poland after the fall of Communism. Very soon polls became an argument in debates, a premise, or a way to justify decisions. At the same time they were criticized both by politicians and journalists convinced that polls can significantly influence the election results. But the fact was not noticed in Poland that all debates about the influence of polls on election outcomes should be preceded by a discussion of the way they are presented in the media. The present article joins this debate by subjecting to analysis the polls published in the Polish press during parliamentary campaigns in the dimensions of the role they played during the recent several years, the quality of methodological information, and of the way the polls were used in the media. As opposed to European and American analyses, no improvement in the conformity to standards of minimal disclosure in newspapers’ reporting of public opinion polls was noticed, although—like in other countries—a dramatic increase in the number of polls reported was observed.

The Party Colonisation of the Media

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Bajomi-Lázár
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Media scholars looking into the relationship between political and media systems in the former communist countries have mainly worked on the assumption that parties seek control over the media in order to suppress critical voices and to gain favourable coverage so that they can influence voting behaviour, but have barely explored political actors’ other possible motivations. Meanwhile, political scientists studying the region’s countries have often focused on parties’ relationship to the state and the resources that they extracted from state institutions such as ministries and municipalities but largely ignored the relationship between parties and the media. This article, written as part of the project Media and Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe, attempts to link these two traditions of research. Introducing the concept of the party colonisation of the media, it looks into what benefits other than suppressing criticism and gaining favourable coverage parties may gain from controlling the media. It uses the example of Hungary to illustrate how the party colonisation of the media works. It also intends to assess how different patterns of media colonisation affect media freedom.

scholarly journals Perception of the Quality of News Reports by Editors and Journalists of All News and News/Talk Radio Stations

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Anastasia Obraztsova
Keyword(s):  
State University ◽  
Talk Radio ◽  
Women Journalists ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
The Difference

This article presents the results of the research in which the perception of the quality of journalistic texts by newsroom members of Russian all-news and news/talk radio stations were studied. Journalists are more critical (and sometimes even skeptical) in determining the quality of materials produced independently, while chief editors, on the contrary, consider their subordinates' media texts to be "good". Women journalists assess the quality of media texts produced much higher than their male counterparts. Employees aged above 40 are often more skeptical about the quality of their own texts than their younger colleagues. In the article we can see the difference of the media text perception between journalists that produced the content and their managers, gender and age differences of the respondents have also been taken into consideration. The authors of the article identified that the evaluations of media texts by various groups of journalists can sometimes be significantly different. As the conclusions of the research are debatable, the results of the study need verification. The results of this research are also placed against data of the other study, titled “Structure of the work of a Russian journalist” by researchers of the Faculty of Journalism of Lomonosov Moscow State University (A.Vyrkovsky, A.Vartanov, M.Galkina, A.Kolesnichenko, A.Obraztsova), carried out in 2014–2016. The research is based on a survey of correspondents and editors of socio-political printed and online media of the Russian Federation (the media of the federal level and those ones of million-plus cities).

ANALISIS KONSEP DAN KOMPONEN VISUAL DASAR POSTER “TOBACCO BREAK HEARTS”

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Yulius
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Title Page ◽  
Visual Communication Design ◽  
Communication Design ◽  
Public Service Advertising ◽  
The Media ◽  
Service Advertising

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>In line with the increasing public need for information about health, public service advertisements are one of the appropriate media to be used by activists in carrying out health promotion. Media as a source of information must be designed as well as possible, starting from the concept to the visual form. During its development, public service advertising media in Indonesia still needs to be developed so that its quality can be globally equal. Increasing the quality of public service advertising media will have a positive impact on the target of delivering messages in a persuasive manner, creativity and innovation must continue to be implemented. Based on this, the field of visual communication design is here to collaborate in designing public service advertising media as a problem solver. The design process cannot be done instantly, there are several processes that must be passed, such as the process of drafting the concept and visual layout. In compiling basic visual concepts and layouts, there are several aspects that need to be considered, including communication and visual aspects. The communication aspect is needed as a form of a detailed communication strategy in conveying information to audiences, while the visual aspect is needed as a form of good presentation in perceiving ideas so that the media is easily accepted and remembered by the audience. The qualitative research method is used in analyzing the public service advertisement poster media as the research object. This understanding is expected to be able to improve the quality of the media, especially public service advertisements engaged in the health sector. </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Keywords </span><span>: Health Promotion, Public service advertisements, Visual Communication Design, Layouts, Visuals </span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div>

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