Chemical Composition of Nardostachys grandiflora Rhizome Oil from Nepal – A Contribution to the Chemotaxonomy and Bioactivity of Nardostachys

The essential oil from the dried rhizome of Nardostachys grandiflora, collected from Jaljale, Nepal, was obtained in 1.4% yield, and a total of 72 compounds were identified constituting 93.8% of the essential oil. The rhizome essential oil of N. grandiflora was mostly composed of calarene (9.4%), valerena-4,7(11)-diene (7.1%), nardol A (6.0%), 1(10)-aristolen-9-ol (11.6%), jatamansone (7.9%), valeranal (5.6%), and cis-valerinic acid (5.7%). The chemical composition of N. grandiflora rhizome oil from Nepal is qualitatively very different than those from Indian, Chinese, and Pakistani Nardostachys essential oils. In this study we have evaluated the chemical composition and biological activities of N. grandiflora from Nepal. Additionally, 1(10)-aristolen-9-ol was isolated and the structure determined by NMR, and represents the first report of this compound from N. grandiflora. N. grandiflora rhizome oil showed in-vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans (MIC = 156 μg/mL), as well as in-vitro cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cells.

Download Full-text

Komposisi Minyak Atsiri dan Aktivitas Antimikroba Rimpang Temu Putih dan Jahe Gajah sebagai Fitobiotik Pakan Unggas

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v6i2.5560 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Laila Nur Rohma ◽

Osfar Sjofjan ◽

M. Halim Natsir

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Activity Test ◽

Main Component

ABSTRAK Imbuhan pakan unggas dapat berasal dari bahan herbal yang mengandung berbagai komponen aktif yang bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan ternak.Temu putih dan jahe gajah dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai imbuhan pakan karena mengandung minyak atsiri yang dapat berperan sebagai agen antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen penyusun minyak atsiri dan aktivitas antimikroba pada rimpang temu putih dan jahe gajah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaan in vitro menggunakan temu putih dan jahe gajah yang diolah menjadi bentuk ekstrak minyak atsiri temu putih dan jahe gajah sebagai materi uji komposisi penyusun minyak atsiri serta bentuktepung dan enkapsulasi sebagai materi uji aktivitas antimikroba. Komposisi minyak atsiri temu putih terdiri dari lima komponen penyusun dengan cis-1,7-octadien-3-yl acetat sebagai komponen utama. Komposisi minyak atsiri jahe gajah terdiri dari tujuh komponen dan benzene,1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl-(CAS) ar-curcumene sebagai komponen utama. Minyak atsiri yang terkandung pada temu putih dan jahe gajah mempunyai peran dalam menghambat mikroba. Uji komposisi penyusun minyak atsiri menggunakan alat GC-MS dan uji aktivitas antimikroba menggunakan metode disc diffusion dan. Hasil dari uji aktivitas antimikroba menunjukkan bahwa temu putih dan jahe gajah dalam bentuk tepung dan enkapsulasi memiliki perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap aktivitas antimikroba pada bakteri asam laktat, Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp. Campuran temu putih dan jahe gajah (1:1) menunjukkan kemampuan terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen dengan diameter zona hambat 5,70±0,14 mm (Escherichia coli) dan 6,88±0,45 mm (Salmonella sp.).Kata Kunci : antimikroba, fitobiotik, jahe gajah, minyak atsiri, temu putihABSTRACTThe poultry feed additives can contain herbal ingredients that contain various beneficial components for livestock growth. White turmeric and giant ginger can be used as feed additives because they contain essential oils that can be used as antibacterial agents. This study aims to determine the constituent components of essential oils and antimicrobial activity in white turmeric and giant ginger rhizomes. The study was carried out by in vitro experiments using white turmeric and giant ginger which were processed into the form of essential oil extract as material for the composition of essential oils test, and powder and encapsulation form as antimicrobial activity test material. The composition of essential oils of white turmeric consists of five constituent components with cis-1,7-octadien-3-yl acetate as the main component. The composition of giant ginger essential oil consists of seven components with benzene, 1- (1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl) -4-methyl- (CAS) ar-curcumene as the main component. Essential oils contained in the white turmeric and giant ginger have a role in inhibiting microbes. The composition of the essential oil tested using GC-MS and the antimicrobial activity test used the disc diffusion method. The results of the antimicrobial activity test showed that white turmeric and giant ginger in powder and encapsulation form had significant differences (P <0.01) on antimicrobial activity in lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. The mixture of white turmeric and giant ginger (1: 1) showed the best ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria with inhibitory zone diameters of 5.70 ± 0.14 mm (Escherichia coli) and 6.88 ± 0.45 mm (Salmonella sp.).Keywords: antimicrobial, essential oil, giant ginger, phytobiotic, white turmeric

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oils of Schinus weinmannifolius Collected in the Spring and Winter

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900940 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900

Author(s):

Camila Hernandes ◽

Silvia H. Taleb-Contini ◽

Ana Carolina D. Bartolomeu ◽

Bianca W. Bertoni ◽

Suzelei C. França ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Action ◽

Pharmacological Profile

Reports on the chemical and pharmacological profile of the essential oil of Schinus weinmannifolius do not exist, although other Schinus species have been widely investigated for their biological activities. This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of S. weinmannifolius collected in the spring and winter. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC/MS and submitted to microdilution tests, to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The oils displayed different chemical composition and antimicrobial action. Bicyclogermacrene and limonene predominated in the oils extracted in the winter and spring, respectively, whereas only the latter oil exhibited antifungal activity.

Download Full-text

In vitro Antimicrobial Properties and Chemical Composition of Santolina chamaecyparissus Essential Oil from Algeria

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200700735 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samah Djeddi ◽

Khadidja Djebile ◽

Ghania Hadjbourega ◽

Zoubida Achour ◽

Catherine Argyropoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Aerial Parts

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Santolina chamaecyparissus L., growing in Algeria, was investigated by GC-MS analyses. A total of 36 compounds were identified, accounting for 91.7% of the essential oil obtained. Camphor (31.1%) and cubenol (17.0%) were the predominant compounds. The potential of the antimicrobial activity was also investigated and the tested sample proved to be very active against Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans (34.1 ± 0.02 mm and 35.0 ± 0.01 mm, respectively). Transverse sections of the leaf and stem of the plant suggest that the essential oil is localized in endogenous and exogenous sites.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition And In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of The Essential Oils Of Three Greek Achillea Species

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2002-3-415 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 57 (3-4) ◽

pp. 287-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Prokopios Magiatis ◽

Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis ◽

Ioanna Chinou ◽

Serkos A. Haroutounian

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

The Other ◽

Gram Negative ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Ms Analysis

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Achillea holosericea, Achillea taygetea, Achillea fraasii was determined by GC/MS analysis. Among the ninety-five assayed constituents, camphor, borneol and 1,8-cineol were found to be the major components. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of these essential oils was evaluated against six bacteria indicating that the first is totally inactive, while the other two possess moderate to strong activities mainly against the Gram negative strains. The essential oil of A. fraasii was also active against the tested pathogenic fungi

Download Full-text

Essential Oil of Algerian Eryngium campestre: Chemical Variability and Evaluation of Biological Activities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24142575 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (14) ◽

pp. 2575 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Medbouhi ◽

Benbelaïd ◽

Djabou ◽

Beaufay ◽

Bendahou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Main Component

The chemical composition of essential oils extracted from aerial parts of Eryngium campestre collected in 37 localities from Western Algeria was characterized using GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. Altogether, 52 components, which accounted for 70.1 to 86.8% of the total composition oils were identified. The main compounds were Germacrene D (0.4–53.4%), Campestrolide (1.6–35.3%), Germacrene B (0.2–21.5%), Myrcene (0.1–8.4%), α-Cadinol (0.2–7.6%), Spathulenol (0.1–7.6%), Eudesma-4(15)-7-dien-1-β-ol (0.1–7.6%) and τ-Cadinol (0.3–5.5%). The chemical compositions of essential oils obtained from separate organs and during the complete vegetative cycle of the plant were also studied. With the uncommon 17-membered ring lactone named Campestrolide as the main component, Algerian E. campestre essential oils exhibited a remarkable chemical composition. A study of the chemical variability using statistical analysis allowed the discrimination of two main clusters according to the geographical position of samples. The study contributes to the better understanding of the relationship between the plant and its environment. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was assessed against twelve strains bacteria and two yeasts involved in foodborne and nosocomial infections using paper disc diffusion and dilution agar assays. The in vitro study demonstrated a strong activity against Gram-positive strains such as S. aureus, B. cereus, and E. faecalis. The cytotoxicity and antiparasitic activities (on Lmm and Tbb) of the collective essential oil and one sample rich in campestrolide, as well as some enriched fractions or fractions containing other terpenic compounds, were also analyzed. Campestrolide seems to be one compound responsible for the cytotoxic and antileishmanial effect, while myrcene or/and trans-β-farnesene have a more selective antitrypanosomal activity.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Lavender Essential Oil and Some By-Products

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1829

Author(s):

Alexandru Ciocarlan ◽

Lucian Lupascu ◽

Aculina Aricu ◽

Ion Dragalin ◽

Violeta Popescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Residual Water ◽

By Products

The producers of essential oils from the Republic of Moldova care about the quality of their products and at the same time, try to capitalize on the waste from processing. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of lavender (Lavanda angustifolia L.) essential oil and some by-products derived from its production (residual water, residual herbs), as well as to assess their “in vitro” antimicrobial activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils produced by seven industrial manufacturers led to the identification of 41 constituents that meant 96.80–99.79% of the total. The main constituents are monoterpenes (84.08–92.55%), followed by sesquiterpenes (3.30–13.45%), and some aliphatic compounds (1.42–3.90%). The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis allowed the quantification of known triterpenes, ursolic, and oleanolic acids, in freshly dried lavender plants and in the residual by-products after hydrodistillation of the essential oil. The lavender essential oil showed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora at 300 μg/mL concentration, and Erwinia amylovora, Candida utilis at 150 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Lavender plant material but also the residual water and ethanolic extracts from the solid waste residue showed high antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains, at 0.75–6.0 μg/mL, 0.08–0.125 μg/mL, and 0.05–4.0 μg/mL, respectively.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of fruit essential oils of Myrica gale, a neglected non-wood forest product

BALTIC FORESTRY ◽

10.46490/bf423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kristina Ložienė ◽

Juozas Labokas ◽

Vaida Vaičiulytė ◽

Jurgita Švedienė ◽

Vita Raudonienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Chiral Phase ◽

Myrica Gale ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Fruit Samples

The study aimed to establish the chemical composition of fruit essential oils of M. gale and test their activities against the selected pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii), yeasts (Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis), fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus) and dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes). Fruit samples from natural (Western Lithuania) and anthropogenic (Eastern Lithuania) M. gale populations were studied separately. Essential oils were isolated from dried fruits by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC/FID and GC/MS methods; enantiomeric composition of α-pinene was established by chiral-phase capillary GC. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of essential oils were determined using the broth microdilution method. Plants from the natural population with a humid marine climate accumulated significantly higher amounts of fruit essential oils (3.34±0.05%) than those from the anthropogenic population with a more continental climate (2.71±0.22%). In total, 39 volatiles including α-pinene (23.52–27.17%), 1,8-cineole (17.19–18.84%) and α-phellandrene (9.47–10.03%) as main compounds were identified. Chiral analysis demonstrated that (1S)-(–)-α-pinene prevailed over (1R)-(+)-α-pinene and amounted to 94.09–95.28% of all fraction of this monoterpene. The antimicrobial study in vitro indicated that C. parapsilosis, dermatophytes and Aspergillus fungi were more susceptible to fruit essential oils of M. gale, whereas E. coli and C. albicans were weakly inhibited even at the highest essential oil concentration. The strongest growth-inhibitory and bactericidal effect of sweet gale essential oil was established on S. aureus. This could be attributed to the major essential oil compounds with known antimicrobial activity, such as α-pinene, 1,8-cineole and a-phellandrene. Keywords: Myrica gale; essential oil; chemical compounds; terpenes; enantiomers; antimicrobial.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of berry essential oil of Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae) grown wild in Republic of Macedonia

Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2013.59.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Floresha Sela ◽

Marija Karapandzova ◽

Gjose Stefkov ◽

Ivana Cvetkovikj ◽

Elena Trajkovska-Dokikj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Juniperus Oxycedrus ◽

Republic Of Macedonia

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil isolated from berries from 2 different samples of Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae), growing wild in Republic of Macedonia was investigated. Performing GC/FID/MS analysis, one hundred components were identified, representing 96.0-98.95% of the oil. The major components were α-pinene (22.54- 27.12%), myrcene (11.26- 15.13%) and limonene (2.78-18.06%). Antimicrobial screening of the J. oxycedrus essential oils was made by disc diffusion and broth dilution method against 16 bacterial isolates of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and one strain of Candida albicans. The most sensitive bacteria was Haemophilus influenzae (MIC = 125 ml/ml). The essential oils showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium spp., Escherichia coli and Campilobacter jejuni (MIC > 500 ml/ml) and no activity against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter spp., Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexnery, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus and Proteus mirabilis.

Download Full-text

Essential oil composition and cytotoxic activity in two species of the plant genus Vismia (Hypericaceae) from the Venezuelan Andes

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v68i3.39503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Janne Rojas Vera ◽

Alexis Buitrago Díaz ◽

Francisco A. Arvelo ◽

Felipe J. Sojo ◽

Alírica I. Suarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Human Tumor ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Mcf 7

Abstract. Introduction: The Vismia genus belongs to the Hypericaceae family and comprises around 57 species of which 17 have been located in Venezuela. Previous investigations have been carried out in extracts as well as pure isolated compounds, revealing antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-HIV, among other, biological activities. Objective: This investigation aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of essential oils from leaves of Vismia baccifera Triana & Planch (VBJ and VBV) and Vismia macrophylla Kunth (VM) collected in three different locations of the Venezuelan Andean region. Methods: Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their cytotoxic activity was analyzed following the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Human tumor cell lines from SKBr3, MCF-7 and PANC-1, two breast carcinomas and one pancreatic adenocarcinoma of ductal type, were tested with the oil samples and human dermis fibroblasts were used as non-tumor cells. Results: β-caryophyllene and trans-caryophyllene were present as major components in VBJ and VBV, respectively, while γ-bisabolene was the main component in the VM sample. Anticancer activity was observed on V. baccifera essential oil against SKBr3, MCF-7 and PANC-1. The selectivity index showed that VBV is highly selective against the SKBr3 cell line and has no activity against non-tumor cells. Conclusions: These results are considered a contribution to natural products research and may provide supportive data for future studies on cancer.

Download Full-text

PERBANDINGAN AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK DAN MINYAK ATSIRI RIMPANG Curcuma mangga Val. TERHADAP SEL MCF-7

Jurnal Penelitian Saintek ◽

10.21831/jps.v26i1.39977 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 85-94

Author(s):

Purwanto Purwanto ◽

Putri Khaerani Cahyaningrum ◽

Retno Sunarminingsih Sudibyo

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Mtt Assay ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Mcf 7

Rimpang Curcuma mangga Val. banyak digunakan sebagai obat herbal antikanker payudara. Penelitian aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara banyak dilakukan utamanya untuk minyak atsiri rimpang, dan hanya sedikit penelitian terhadap ekstraknya. Walaupun demikian belum ada yang membandingkan aktivitas sitotoksik dari ekstrak dan minyak atsiri tersebut terhadap sel kanker payudara; meskipun kandungan senyawa keduanya berbeda. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan aktivitas sitotoksik dari ekstrak dan minyak atsiri rimpang C. mangga Val. secara in vitro terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF7. Ekstrak rimpang dibuat secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana; sedangkan minyak atsiri dibuat melalui destilasi uap irisan rimpang selama 5 jam. Uji aktivitas sitotoksik in vitro dilakukan menggunakan metoda MTT Assay. Rendemen minyak dari ekstrak n-heksana rimpang C. mangga Val. adalah 1,15 x 10-2 % sedangkan rendemen minyak atsiri adalah 6,3 x 10-2 %. Hasil uji sitotoksik menghasilkan IC50 ekstrak 106,414 µg/ml (R2=0,9677) dan minyak atsiri 198,557 µg/ml (R2=0,8037). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak rimpang C. mangga Val. lebih sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 daripada minyak atsirinya, karena kandungan ekstrak mayoritas diterpenoid (53,18%) sedangkan minyak atsiri mayoritas monoterpenoid (51,34%).THE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ACTIVITIES OF CYTOTOXIC EXTRACTS AND ESSENTIAL OILS OF RHIZOME Curcuma mango Val. TOWARD MCF-7 CELLSCurcuma mangga Val. rhizome has been used as herbal anti breast cancer. Researches on cytotoxic activity towards breast cancer cells have been done especially to the rhizome’s essential oil; and only few researches done to the extract. However there is no cytotoxic activity comparation of the extract and essential oil towards breast cancer cells; even tough their substance contents are different. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the cytotoxic activity in vitro of the extract and essential oil of C. mangga Val. rhizomes towards breast cancer cells of MCF-7. The rhizome extract was prepared by maceration using N-hexane; while the essential oil was prepared by steam distillation for 5 hours of the sliced rhizomes. The in vitro cytotoxic test was carried out using MTT Assay. The yield of oil from rhizome extract was 1.15 x 10-2 %; while the yield of essential oil was 6.3 x 10-2 %. The IC50 of extract oil was 106.414 µg/ml (R2=0.9677) and the IC50 of essential oil was 198.557 µg/ml (R2=0.8037). It shows that rhizome extract of C. mangga Val. was more cytotoxic towards MCF-7 than the oil because the majority content of extract were diterpenoids (53.18%) while the oil were monoterpenoids (51.34%).

Download Full-text