Determinants of short birth interval among ever married reproductive age women living in Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia 2020 (unmatched case–control study)

Objectives: A short birth interval is a universal public health problem resulting in adverse maternal, neonatal, and child outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify determinants of short birth interval among ever married reproductive age mothers who live in Jigjiga city administration, Eastern Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: A community-based unmatched case–control study was used among 194 cases and 194 controls in Jigjiga city administration from September to December 2020. Cases were women with short birth interval (less than 3 years) and controls were women with optimum birth interval (3–5 years). Simple random sampling technique was employed to select cases and controls. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.2 and analysis with SPSS version 22. Binary logistic regression with 95% confidence interval at p < 0.05 is used to declare significantly associated predictors of short birth interval. Result: This study reported that women who have not attended formal education (adjusted odds ratio = 5.28, 95% confidence interval: (2.25–12.36)), attended primary education (adjusted odds ratio = 2.79, 95% confidence interval: (1.46–5.34)), women who married to a polygamous husband (adjusted odds ratio = 3.69, 95% confidence interval: (1.80–7.58)), having a history of neonatal death (adjusted odds ratio = 2.15, 95% confidence interval: (1.07–4.32)), preceding child being female (adjusted odds ratio = 3.69, 95% confidence interval: (2.02–6.72)), and never used contraceptive methods (adjusted odds ratio = 3.69, 95% confidence interval: (2.02–6.72)) were identified as determinants of the short birth interval. Conclusion: Short birth intervals were associated with educational level of the women, sex of the baby, husband marriage types, history of neonatal death, and contraceptive utilization. Strategy should be engaged to enhance women education, contraceptive uses, and to decrease neonatal death.

Download Full-text

Self-care practice and associated factors among hypertensive patients in public health facilities in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120974145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212097414

Author(s):

Feysal Mohammed Hussen ◽

Hassen Abdi Adem ◽

Hirbo Shore Roba ◽

Bezatu Mengistie ◽

Nega Assefa

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Formal Education ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Self Care ◽

Care Practice ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Management Protocol

Background: Self-care practice is the activity that a hypertensive patient undertakes intending to improve their health. Poor self-care practice leads to uncontrolled hypertension. Therefore, strategies designed to prevent and control hypertension-related death, disability, and morbidity should consider the level of the patient’s self-care practice and risk factors. This study assessed self-care practice and associated factors among hypertensive patients in public health facilities of Harar Town in eastern Ethiopia. Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 398 randomly selected hypertensive patients from 25 March 2019 to 16 April 2019. Pretested structured questionnaires adapted from validated tools were used to collect data from participants using electronic Open Data Kit software through face-to-face exit interview. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 24. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with self-care practice. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to report association and the significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results: Level of good self-care practice was 29.9% (95% confidence interval: 25.3% and 34.7%). Age ⩾ 60 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.2 and 9.3), formal education (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.3 and 4.2), absence of comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.1 and 3.1), adequate knowledge about hypertension (adjusted odds ratio = 4.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.5 and 8.8), good social support (adjusted odds ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.6 and 4.7), and being khat abstainer (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.1 and 3.5) were significantly associated with good self-care practice. Conclusion: The prevalence of good self-care practice was low. In this study, good self-care practice was significantly associated with age, formal education, comorbidities, knowledge about hypertension, social support, and current khat chewing condition. Regular check-up and follow-up of patients’ compliance with self-management protocol, and more emphasis should be given to identify factors that potentially impeding patients’ adherence to hypertension self-management protocol.

Download Full-text

Clinico-epidemiology, malacology and community awareness of Schistosoma mansoni in Haradenaba and Dertoramis kebeles in Bedeno district, eastern Ethiopia

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312118786748 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 205031211878674 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jemal Mohammed ◽

Fitsum Weldegebreal ◽

Zelalem Teklemariam ◽

Habtamu Mitiku

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Community Awareness ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Study Participants

Background: Schistosoma mansoni is a major public health problem. Different studies reported unidentified sites in Ethiopia with variable prevalence and intensity, but there is no report from this study area. Objective: To assess the clinico-epidemiology, malacology, risk factors, and community awareness of S. mansoni in Haradenaba and Dertoramis kebeles in the Bedeno district, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1011 study participants in 413 systematically selected households from Haradenaba and Dertoramis kebeles from 30 June 2016 to 30 July 2017. Data were collected by using pretested, structured questionnaires, clinical examinations, and stool examinations. Stool samples were processed by the Kato-Katz method and examined microscopically. Snails were collected by scooping from water contact points. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 16 statistical software. Result: The overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 35.7%. Heavy-intensity infection was detected in 8.9% of the study participants. Results included: participants who were unaware about the possible source of infection (adjusted odds ratio: 2.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.25, 7.95), modes of transmission (adjusted odds ratio: 5.51; 95% confidence interval: 3.52, 12.51), prevention (adjusted odds ratio: 4.01; 95% confidence interval: 2.00, 8.75) about schistosomiasis/bilharziasis were more likely infected with S. mansoni than those who were aware. Participants who swim or bathe in the river were more likely infected with S. mansoni than those who do not (adjusted odds ratio: 6.41; 95% confidence interval: 3.15, 11.25). Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails were collected from all water bodies in Haradenaba and Dertoramis, but they did not shed schistosome cercaria in the laboratory. Conclusion: S. mansoni infection is found in high magnitude in these study areas, despite not being previously reported. A majority of the study participants had low awareness about the source of infection, mode of transmission, and prevention methods of schistosomiasis. Efforts should be made to improve community awareness about transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis.

Download Full-text

Association Study between the Polymorphisms of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Genes and Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10050347 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 347 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Han Sung Park ◽

Ki Han Ko ◽

Jung Oh Kim ◽

Hui Jeong An ◽

Young Ran Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Genotype Combination ◽

History Of ◽

Consecutive Pregnancy

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) refers to two or more consecutive pregnancy losses. It is estimated that fewer than 5% of women experience RPL. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that play important roles in providing a safe and conducive environment for the stable development of the fetus. In this case-control study, we evaluated the associations between RPL and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMP-8 and MMP-27. We recruited 375 Korean women with a history of RPL and 240 ethnically-matched healthy parous controls, and we performed genotyping for the MMP-8 rs2509013 C>T, MMP-8 rs11225395 G>A, and MMP-27 rs3809017 T>C polymorphisms. All SNPs were genotyped via the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. In the genotype frequency analyses, the TT genotype of the MMP-8 rs2509013 C>T (age-adjusted odds ratio, 0.415; 95% confidence interval, 0.257–0.671; P = 0.0003) and TC genotype of MMP-27 rs3809017 T>C (age-adjusted odds ratio, 0.681; 95% confidence interval, 0.483–0.961; P = 0.029) were associated with decreased RPL susceptibility. Moreover, these trends were maintained in the haplotype and genotype combination analyses. Interestingly, amongst the RPL patients, higher levels of homocysteine (P = 0.042) and uric acid (P = 0.046) were associated with MMP-27 rs3809017 T>C. In conclusion, the two polymorphisms of MMP-8 and MMP-27 were significantly associated with RPL risk, both individually and in combination. Therefore, these two polymorphisms are potential biomarkers for RPL susceptibility.

Download Full-text

A case-control study of risk factors of chronic venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/0268355516687677 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 60-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Gohar Abelyan ◽

Lusine Abrahamyan ◽

Gayane Yenokyan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Case Control ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Venous Ulceration ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study

Background/objectives Venous ulcers carry psychological and high financial burden for patients, causing depression, pain, and limitation of mobility. The study aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins in Armenia. Methods A case-control study design was utilized enrolling 80 patients in each group, who underwent varicose treatment surgery in two specialized surgical centers in Armenia during 2013–2014 years. Cases were patients with varicose veins and venous leg ulcers. Controls included patients with varicose veins but without venous leg ulcers. Data were collected using interviewer-administered telephone interviews and medical record abstraction. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of venous ulceration. Results There were more females than males in both groups (72.5% of cases and 85.0 % of controls). Cases were on average older than controls (53.9 vs. 39.2 years old, p ≤ 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the estimated odds of developing venous ulcer was higher in patients with history of post thrombotic syndrome (odds ratio = 14.90; 95% confidence interval: 3.95–56.19; p = 0.001), with higher average sitting time (odds ratio = 1.32 per hour of sitting time; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.61; p = 0.006), those with reflux in deep veins (odds ratio = 3.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–10.31; p = 0.019) and history of leg injury (odds ratio = 3.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–8.23; p = 0.022). Regular exercise in form of walking (≥5 days per week) was found to be a protective factor from venous ulceration (odds ratio = 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.90; p = 0.034). Conclusion We found that reflux in deep veins, history of leg injury, history of post thrombotic syndrome, and physical inactivity were significant risk factors for venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins, while regular physical exercise mitigated that risk. Future studies should investigate the relationships between the duration and type of regular exercise and the risk of venous ulceration to make more specific recommendations on preventing ulcer development.

Download Full-text

Association of a Remotely Offered Infectious Diseases eConsult Service With Improved Clinical Outcomes

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Aaron J Tande ◽

Elie F Berbari ◽

Priya Ramar ◽

Shiva P Ponamgi ◽

Umesh Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Health System ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Consultative Service ◽

Control Study

Abstract We performed a case–control study to evaluate an electronic, asynchronous infectious diseases consultative service at 2 rural hospitals within our health system. Patients with consultation via this platform (n = 100) had a significantly decreased odds of death at 30 days compared with propensity-matched controls (n = 300; adjusted odds ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–0.7; P = .003).

Download Full-text

Determinants of short birth interval among ever married reproductive age women: A community based unmatched case control study at Dessie city administration, Northern Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243046

Author(s):

Habtamu Shimels Hailemeskel ◽

Tesfaye Assebe ◽

Tadesse Alemayehu ◽

Demeke Mesfin Belay ◽

Fentaw Teshome ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Interval ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age At First Birth ◽

Community Based ◽

Reproductive Age Women ◽

Short Birth Interval ◽

Control Study

Background Short birth interval is a universal public health problem resulting in adverse fetal, neonatal, child and maternal outcomes. In Ethiopia, more than 50% of the overall inter birth spacing is short. However, prior scientific evidence on its determinants is limited and even then findings are inconsistent. Methods A community -based unmatched case-control study was employed on 218 cases and 436 controls. Cases were ever married reproductive age women whose last delivery has been in the past five years with birth interval of less than 3 years between the latest two successive live births whereas those women with birth interval of 3–5 years were taken as controls. A multistage sampling technique was employed on 30% of the kebeles in Dessie city administration. A pre-tested interviewer based questionnaire was used to collect data by 16 trained diploma nurses and 8 health extension workers supervised by 4 BSc nurses. The collected data were cleaned, coded and double entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and exported to SPSS version 22. Binary logistic regression model was considered and those variables with P<0.25 in the bivariable analysis were entered in to final model after which statistical significance was declared at P< 0.05 using adjusted odds ratio at 95% CI. Result In this study, contraceptive use (AOR = 11.2, 95% CI: 5.95–21.15), optimal breast feeding for at least 2 years (AOR = 0.098, 95% CI:0.047–0.208), age at first birth <25 years (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.282–0.761), having male preceding child (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.166–0.793) and knowing the duration of optimum birth interval correctly (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.245–0.811) were significant determinants of short birth interval. Conclusion Contraceptive use, duration of breast feeding, age at first birth, preceding child sex and correct understanding of the duration of birth interval were significant determinants of short birth interval. Fortunately, all these significant factors are likely modifiable. Thus, the existing efforts of optimizing birth interval should be enhanced through proper designation and implementation of different strategies on safe breastfeeding practice, modern contraceptive use and maternal awareness about the health merits of optimum birth interval.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and associated factors of depression among diabetic outpatients attending diabetic clinic at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/20503121211066244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212110662

Author(s):

Mohamed Ebrahim ◽

Dawit Tamiru ◽

Behailu Hawulte ◽

Tadesse Misgana

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common comorbid psychiatric disorders among diabetic patients. Depression among diabetic people has led to poor treatment adherence, defective treatment outcomes, and consequently worsened quality of life. However, there is a limited study conducted to assess the magnitude and factors associated with depression among diabetic patients in Ethiopia including this study area. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with depression among adult diabetic outpatients attending diabetic clinic in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 adult diabetic outpatients on treatment in Ethiopia in 2020. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression among randomly selected samples. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with depression among diabetic outpatients. A p value less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of depression among diabetic outpatients was found to be 48.9% (95% confidence interval: 44.2%, 53.4%). Being female (adjusted odds ratio = 1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.39, 2.73), Khat chewing (adjusted odds ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.22, 2.93), having poor and moderate social support (adjusted odds ratio = 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 2.98 and adjusted odds ratio = 1.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.14, 3.17, respectively), taking both oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin medication (adjusted odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.13, 2.80) and duration of diabetes mellitus for more than 6 years (adjusted odds ratio = 5.40, 95% confidence interval: 3.42, 8.14) were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion: This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of depression in diabetic outpatients. A lesser level of social support, taking oral and insulin treatment regimes, longer duration of illness, using Khat, and being female were associated with depression among diabetic outpatients. Therefore, early screening and identification of such factors could help ameliorate some of the deleterious effects of depression in diabetic outpatients.

Download Full-text

Outbreak of unusual H2S-negative monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain likely associated with small tomatoes, Sweden, August to October 2019

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.47.1900643 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (47) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Soledad Colombe ◽

Cecilia Jernberg ◽

Emma Löf ◽

Anna Lindqvist Angervall ◽

Henrik Mellström-Dahlgren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Typhimurium Strain ◽

Trace Back ◽

Control Study

Sweden is investigating an outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium. Eighty-two nationally-distributed cases have been confirmed, with date of symptom onset between 28 August and 29 October. Cases were 51 years of age on average (range: 0–89) and the majority of cases were female (62%). A case–control study was conducted and suggested small tomatoes as source of the outbreak (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 10.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.15-112.68, p value < 0.001), and a trace-back investigation led to a single, non-Swedish producer in Europe. Both the Salmonella strain and the source of the outbreak are rarely encountered in Europe. Results from investigation at the producer are pending.

Download Full-text

Magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women admitted to labor ward of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/20503121211047389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212110473

Author(s):

Serkalem Abdu ◽

Tilahun Ali ◽

Adera Debella ◽

Nega Assefa ◽

Kedir Teji Roba

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

University Hospital ◽

Meal Frequency ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Labor Ward

Objectives: Anemia is a common medical problem among pregnant women that will influence pregnancy and birth outcomes. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of evidences regarding the problem among pregnant women admitted to labor ward. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women admitted to labor ward for deliveries at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 314 pregnant women admitted to labor ward at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital in June 2020. Data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire and were entered into EpiData and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were done to identify predictors of anemia. Results: In this study, the magnitude of anemia was 37.9% (95% confidence interval: 32.4, 43.0). Short birth interval (adjusted odds ratio = 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 6.13), history of blood loss during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 4.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.86, 9.9), less consumption of citrus fruit within a week (adjusted odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 6.9), and meal frequency less than three times per day during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 4.6) were significantly associated with anemia, respectively. Conclusion: This study pointed out that more than one-third of pregnant women affected by anemia. Thus, interventions that could reduce anemia, such as counseling about increasing of meal frequency during pregnancy, foods rich in iron, and prevention and management of blood loss are recommended.

Download Full-text

Prevalent, uncontrolled, and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among urban adults in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia: A population-based cross-sectional study

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120975235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212097523

Author(s):

Behailu Hawulte Ayele ◽

Hirbo Shore Roba ◽

Addisu Shunu Beyene ◽

Melkamu Merid Mengesha

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Dire Dawa ◽

Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: Globally, 8.8% of adults were estimated to have diabetes mellitus, with the low-and middle-income countries sharing the largest burden. However, the research evidence for targeted interventions is lacking in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, disaggregated by the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus morbidity and associated factors among adults in Dire Dawa town, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Data from a total of 872 randomly sampled adults aged 25–64 years were obtained for analysis using the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factors surveillance instruments. We estimated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus disaggregated by the previous diabetes mellitus diagnosis status and by the current blood sugar level control status. The bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify correlates of diabetes mellitus, along with STATA version 14.2 for data management and analysis. All statistical tests were declared significant at p-value < 0.05. Results: 14.9% (95% confidence interval: 12.1, 17.4) of adults aged 25–64 years had diabetes mellitus in the study sample with 58.5% (95% confidence interval: 49.7, 66.7) on diabetes mellitus medication. Among adults currently taking diabetes mellitus medications, 30.3% (95% confidence interval: 19.8, 45.6) had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The magnitude of previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus was 6.2% (95% confidence interval: 4.8, 8.0) in the study sample and 41.5% (95% confidence interval: 33.3, 50.3) among the diabetics. The odds of diabetes mellitus were higher among adults over the age of 55 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 3.6), currently married adults (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 4.4), and overweight adults (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 2.1). Adults with primary education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.8) and no formal education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.9) had lower odds of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults was high in Dire Dawa, with a third of the diabetics having poor control of their blood sugar levels and, nearly four in ten were previously undiagnosed. Adults who were overweight, currently married, and those over 55 years need to be targeted for regular diabetes health checkups and community-based screening. Also, a mechanism should be instituted to track a patient’s adherence to medications and promote diabetes self-care management.

Download Full-text