scholarly journals Structural Influences on the News Finds Me Perception: Why People Believe They Don’t Have to Actively Seek News Anymore

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110249
Author(s):  
Nadine Strauß ◽  
Brigitte Huber ◽  
Homero Gil de Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Contrast Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
News Use

Using data from a two-wave panel survey among 18 countries worldwide, this study investigates the individual- and country-level antecedents of the “News Finds Me” perception (NFM). Results show that older, more educated, and individuals belonging to the ethnic majority are less prone to develop the NFM. However, social media (news) use, incidental news exposure, discussion frequency, and group affiliations lead to a higher NFM. In contrast, information elaboration as well as news use online were found to weaken the NFM. Testing various country-level factors, only gross domestic product was found to be negatively related to the NFM. The findings form a theoretical and empirical basis for future studies that aim at investigating news use in today’s high-choice media environment.

Social Media and Beliefs about Climate Change: A Cross-National Analysis of News Use, Political Ideology, and Trust in Science

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Diehl ◽  
Brigitte Huber ◽  
Homero Gil de Zúñiga ◽  
James Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
Climate Skepticism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
National Analysis

Abstract This study explores the individual- and country-level factors that influence how getting news from social media relates to people’s beliefs about anthropogenic climate change. Concepts of psychological distance and motivated reasoning are tested using multilevel analysis with survey data in 20 countries (N = 18,785). Results suggest that using social media for news is associated with a decrease in climate skepticism across the sample. However, social context at the individual-level (conservative political ideology and low trust in science) and at the macro-level (high gross domestic product and individualism) moderate the effect, and therefore reduce social media’s potential to inform the public about climate change. This study contributes to conversations about the ability of emerging media to address science issues, particularly in developing countries.

Fueling civil disobedience in democracy: WhatsApp news use, political knowledge, and illegal political protest

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110478
Author(s):  
Homero Gil de Zúñiga ◽  
Manuel Goyanes
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Panel Survey Data ◽  
News Use

Prior scholarship has consistently shown that informed citizens tend to better understand government actions, expectations, and priorities, potentially mitigating radicalism such as partaking in illegal protest. However, the role of social media may prove this relationship to be challenging, with an increasingly pervasive use of applications such as WhatsApp for information and mobilization. Findings from a two-wave US panel survey data show that WhatsApp news is negatively associated to political knowledge and positively associated to illegal protest. Less politically knowledgeable citizens also tend to engage in illegal protest more frequently. Results also suggest an influential role of political knowledge in mediating the effects of WhatsApp news over illegal protests. Those who consume more news on WhatsApp tend to know less about politics which, in turn, positively relates to unlawful political protest activities. This study suggests that WhatsApp affordances provide fertile paths to nurture illegal political protest participation.

Understanding the Justice Fairness Effects on eWOM Communication in Social Media Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohaib ◽  
Peng Hui ◽  
Umair Akram ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Zubair Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Structure Equation Modeling ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Customer Trust ◽  
Positive Effect

This article integrates the trust and justice fairness to construct a model for investigating the motivations behind customers eWOM in social media environment, specifically WeChat. Using data from the online surveys of netizens in China, the proposed model was verified and validated by using the structure equation modeling (SEM) technique. The outcomes reveal that customer trust appear to be mostly driven by interactional fairness, which in turn effects satisfaction. Procedural fairness and interactional fairness impacts considerably positive on satisfaction. Trust and satisfaction have a direct positive effect on the eWOM. However, trust has indirect influence on eWOM through the satisfaction. Discussions provide the useful implications for managers and future directions.

scholarly journals Who Wants to Work More? Multilevel Study on Underemployment of Working Mothers in 22 European Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Milla Salin ◽  
Jouko Nätti
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

This study examines underemployment of working mothers in 22 European countries. Underemployed mothers are defined as those who wish to work longer hours than they are currently working. Compared to unemployment and employment in general, the research tradition of underemployment is less established. This article contributes to the existing knowledge on underemployment in two ways. First, it focuses on a specific group of workers: mothers. Secondly, while the vast majority of earlier studies has concentrated on single countries, this study is cross-national. Using data from the 2010/2011 European Social Survey (ESS), a multilevel analysis provides three major findings. First, underemployment exists in all countries examined, but the prevalence varies significantly. Second, the prevalence and depth (i.e., how large is the gap between preferred and current working hours) of underemployment are not necessarily correlated; a high prevalence can be accompanied by shallower underemployment and vice versa. Third, at the individual-level, underemployment particularly hurts mothers who are in a more insecure position in terms of their economic and labor market situation. At the country level, underemployment is related to a poorer economic situation and less-extensive childcare system.

Social Media as a Sphere for “Risky” Political Expression: A Twenty-Country Multilevel Comparative Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Barnidge ◽  
Brigitte Huber ◽  
Homero Gil de Zúñiga ◽  
James H. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Expression ◽  
Network Heterogeneity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Individual

In the context of the United States, research shows a positive relationship between network heterogeneity and political expression on social media at the individual level. This study builds on that research, relying on multilevel analysis that (1) leverages a twenty-country comparative survey and (2) includes country-level data on freedom of expression. Results show a positive relationship between network heterogeneity and political expression on social media across countries, but that relationship is stronger where freedom of expression is more limited.

scholarly journals Participatory effects of political satire revisited in the age of digital media : the role of hard news, political expression and social media

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Heesook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Talk Shows ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Political Expression ◽  
Late Night ◽  
The Impact ◽  
News Use

This study examines the participatory effects of political satire, specifically late-night talk shows, in the age of digital media. Based on the O-S-R-O-R (background Orientation-Stimulus-Reasoning-outcome Orientation-Response) model of communication effects, this study theorizes and tests structural relationships in which audience factors (e.g., partisanship, hard news use) guide political satire viewing, and information processing activities (e.g., political talk, social media expression) and cognitive outcomes (e.g., political knowledge, political efficacy) channel the impact of the audience factor-driven political satire viewing on participation. More importantly, this study examines, for the first time, the role of social media in both political satire viewing and political expression, and its influence on participation. Data from a nationally representative survey (N=573) suggest that hard news use is an essential prerequisite for the participatory effects of political satire viewing. In addition, partisanship is a key predictor of political satire viewing, and media channel matters, such that those who watch late-night talk shows on television are less likely to participate in politics, while those who watch late-night talk shows in the social media environment are more likely to participate in politics through political expression on social media. These findings highlight the importance of understanding who receives what messages from where and how in the contemporary media environment to better explain the effects of media.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations

2021 ◽  
pp. 002202212199799
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Bosson ◽  
Paweł Jurek ◽  
Joseph A. Vandello ◽  
Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka ◽  
Michał Olech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Male Gender Role ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions ( N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Calculation of Predictive Odds for Possible Carriers of Haemophilia

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 740-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. M Prentice ◽  
C. D Forbes ◽  
Sandra Morrice ◽  
A. D McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Factor Viii Related Antigen ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Betting Odds

SummaryBetting odds for possible carriers of haemophilia have been calculated using data derived from normal and known carrier populations. For each possible carrier the concentration of factor VIII-related antigen and factor VIII biological activity was measured and used to determine the probability of the individual being a carrier. The calculations indicated that, of the 32 possible carriers, 11 were likely to be normal (odds of more than 5:1) while 11 were likely to be haemophilia carriers (again odds of more than 5:1).

EVALUATION OF OCCURRENCE OF HYPERDONTIA IN NON-SYNDROMIC POPULATION FROM BIHAR REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Minti Kumari ◽  
Dr. Madhuri Kumari ◽  
Dr Anurag Rai ◽  
Dr. Navin Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Supernumerary Teeth ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Clinical Records

It is evident that hyperdontia is more common in the permanent dentition than in the primary. There is a considerable difference between males and females in the prevalence of these teeth in permanent dentition; hyperdontia is twice as common in males as in females. However, this approximation varies in terms of location, other associating syndromes that may be present, and the ethnicity of the individual. In terms of ethnicity, it can be seen that hyperdontia is in fact less common in Caucasian than in Asian populations. There is evidence to show that an individual is more likely to have hyperdontia if other members of their family also have the condition. Hence the present study was planned for evaluation of occurrence of hyperdontia in non-syndromic  population from Bihar Region. The present study was planned in Public Health Dentistry, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar. Total 195 patients referred to Department of Dentistry were evaluated in the present study. Panoramic radiographs and clinical records of patients above the age of 18 years and without any syndromic features were selected for the study.  All the radiographs were examined for the presence of supernumerary teeth, their location, morphology, and number. Morphologically, teeth were classified as conical, tuberculate, supplemental, and odontoma. Early diagnosis of dental anomalies can prevent some esthetic, orthodontic, and periodontal problems, and knowledge of the prevalence and distribution of the anomalies may help clinicians to the detection of these anomalies at early stages. Our study evaluated the prevalence of selected dental anomalies; future studies should investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies of all types. Keywords: Hyperdontia, non-syndromic, panoramic radiograph, supernumerary teeth, etc.

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