scholarly journals The clinical evaluation of combined detection of microcirculation, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory-related factors in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with atorvastatin

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921984783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haicheng Wang ◽  
Zhengfang Zhang ◽  
Jiali Sun
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pre Treatment

This study was designed to analyze the effects of atorvastatin on microcirculation, blood lipids, inflammatory factors, and characteristic markers in patients with diabetic nephropathy. A total of 170 patients with diabetic nephropathy randomly divided into control and study groups with 85 patients in each group. The control group was treated with diet and lifestyle intervention, and hypoglycemic drugs. The study group was additionally treated with atorvastatin. Nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane-2 (TXB2), 6-ketone-prostaglandin F-1α (6-Keto-PGF-1α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), homocysteine (Hcy), cystatin C (CysC), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were observed for 8 weeks. Post-treatment of atorvastatin, the levels of NO, 6-Keto-PGF-1α, and SOD were significantly higher than pre-treatment in both groups, while the levels of ET-1 and TXB2 were lower than pre-treatment ( P < 0.05). The levels of NO, 6-Keto-PGF-1α, and SOD in the study group post-treatment were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than the control group, and the levels of ET-1 and TXB2 in the study group were lower than the control group. After 8 weeks, the levels of TC, TG, and LDL were significantly lower, while the level of HDL was significantly higher in the study group. The level of TC was lower in the control group of post-treatment, while the HDL level was higher than pre-treatment ( P < 0.05). The levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the study group of post-treatment were significantly lower than pre-treatment comparing to the control group ( P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance ( P > 0.05) for above-mentioned indicators in control groups of pre- and post-treatment. The levels of VEGF, CysC, and Hcy in the two groups were lower than pre-treatment. Atorvastatin could effectively improve all the study parameters.

Expression and Significance of Th17 Cells and Related Factors in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong An
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Tnf Α

Objective: This study aims to investigate the expression and clinical significance of Th17 cells and related factors in peripheral blood of patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH). Methods: A retrospective selection of 100 patients with AIH were included as a study group, and 100 healthy volunteers in the outpatient clinic were selected as the control group. The levels of IL- 17, IL-6, IL-21 and TNF-α in peripheral blood of all subjects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the frequency of Th17 cells and Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results: Results showed that the study group had higher levels of serum total bilirubin (TBil), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ -glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than the control group, as well as higher levels of IL-17, IL-6, IL-21 and TNF-α in serum. The frequency of Th17 cells in peripheral blood was higher in the study group, while the frequency of Treg cells was lower. Also, serum IL-17, TNF-α levels and Th17 cells frequency were positively correlated with ALT and AST, whereas Treg cells frequency were negatively correlated with ALT and AST levels. Conclusion: Our finding demonstrates that Th17 cell frequency and their related factors IL-17 and TNF-α, are associated with liver damage, which might be used to monitor AIH disease severity.

scholarly journals Effects of combined use of atorvastatin and losartan in treating patients with diabetic nephropathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 205873921879670
Author(s):  
Chao Ding ◽  
Xiaohua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function

This study is to investigate the effect of atorvastatin combined with losartan on inflammatory factors, vascular endothelial function, and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetic nephropathy. A total of 128 patients with diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were selected as the study subjects, and 64 cases were randomly divided into observation group and 64 cases in the control group. The control group was treated with losartan on the basis of routine treatment, and the observation group was treated with atorvastatin on the basis of the control group. The blood lipid, inflammatory factors, changes in vascular endothelial function and cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were not significantly different between the two groups before treatment ( P > 0.05); after treatment, the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the level of HDL-C was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were not statistically different between the two groups before treatment ( P > 0.05); after treatment, the levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P < 0.05), the level of HDL-C was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) between the two groups before treatment ( P > 0.05). After treatment, the level of ET-1 in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P < 0.05), and the level of NO was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). After treatment, all patients were followed up for 2 years, and the incidence of secondary cardiovascular events in the observation group was 12.50% (8/64), which was significantly lower than 29.69% (19/64) of the control group ( P < 0.05). Combination of atorvastatin and losartan can significantly improve the levels of blood lipid, inflammatory factors, and vascular endothelial function in patients with diabetic nephropathy and can effectively reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals Changes in intestinal flora, TNF-α, L-17, and IL-6 levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 205873921879355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Yu ◽  
Zhonglan Liu ◽  
Shaohua Dong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Tnf Α

To study the changes in intestinal flora and different inflammatory factors in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a total of 80 patients with GDM treated in our hospital were selected as the study group. Meanwhile, another 60 normal pregnant women were selected as the control group. The contents of intestinal Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides were measured in both groups followed by comparison of the incidence of intestinal flora imbalance. In the meantime, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were detected and compared between those two groups. Afterwards, multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors related to GDM. The number of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides in the study group was significantly less than those in the control group. The incidence of intestinal flora imbalance in the study group was 33.75%, which is higher than that in the control group. The serum levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-6 in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Bifidobacterium, Lactobacilli, Bacteroides, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-6 were risk factors related to GDM. Patients with GDM are prone to intestinal flora imbalance with elevated different inflammatory, which affects immune function in patients and may play an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Effect of arthroscopic surgery combined with platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of discoid meniscus injury of knee joint and its influence on serum inflammatory factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921881433
Author(s):  
Jia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Discoid Meniscus ◽  
Meniscus Injury ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was to observe the effect of arthroscopic surgery combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of discoid meniscus injury of knee joint and its influence on serum inflammatory factors. A total of 80 patients with discoid meniscus injury in our hospital from June 2014 to June 2016 were enrolled and divided into study group and control group randomly with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with arthroscopy alone, and the study group was treated with arthroscopy combined with PRP. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed, and the Lysholm scores, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS scores), and serum inflammatory factors (IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Six months after the treatment, the improvement rate, defined as (Excellent + Good)/total*100, of the study group was 97.5%, significantly higher than that of the control group, which was 87.5% ( P < 0.05); before treatment, there was no significant difference in both Lysholm scores and KOOS scores between the two groups ( P > 0.05); and 6 months later, the Lysholm scores and KOOS scores in the two groups were both significantly higher than those before, and the scores in the study group increased more significantly compared with those of the control group ( P < 0.05); the values of serum IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the two groups were both significantly lower than those before, and the values in the study group decreased more significantly compared with those of the control group ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, arthroscopic surgery combined with PRP therapy can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors in patients with discoid meniscus injury of the knee, which is worthy of promotion and application.

scholarly journals Changes in inflammatory factors in the Brown Norway rat model of food allergy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingling Zhu ◽  
Junli Wang ◽  
Jingqiu Ma ◽  
Xiaoyang Sheng ◽  
Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background The role of serum S100A8/A9 in intestinal inflammation has been confirmed, and its role in food allergy is currently being investigated. Objective To explore the levels of S100A8/A9 and inflammatory factors, including Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), Nuclear transcription factors (NF-κB) and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in mild food allergies. Methods Eighty 3-week-old male Brown Norway rats were used. Forty rats were randomly assigned to the ovalbumin-sensitized experimental group, while 40 rats were assigned to the normal saline sham-sensitized control group. Body weight and length and the levels of serum ovalbumin-specific IgE (OVA-IgE), histamine, Th1-associated and Th2-associated factors, S100A8/A9 and inflammation-associated cytokines were compared. Results Through the evaluation of OVA-IgE level and Th1/Th2 balance in the experimental group, a successful IgE-mediated food allergy model was constructed. Compared with the control group, the experimental group had higher serum S100A8/A9 levels on days 21, 28, 35 and 42 (all P < 0.05); higher TLR4 levels on days 28, 35 and 42 (all P < 0.05); higher TNF-α levels on days 28, 35 and 42 (all P < 0.05); higher NF-κB levels on days 35 and 42 (all P < 0.05); and higher IL-1β and IL-6 levels on days 7 to 42 (all P < 0.05). Moreover, positive correlations were found between the serum levels of S100A8/A9 and inflammation-associated cytokines [TNF-α: r = 0.378, P = 0.039; IL-1β: r = 0.679, P = 0.000; IL-6: r = 0.590, P = 0.001]. Conclusion S100A8/A9 and inflammatory-related factors, including TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, is closely related to food allergies. Moreover, immune and inflammatory factors interact with each other in food allergies, which may provide insight into food allergy causes and treatments.

scholarly journals Clinical effect of Hongteng decoction combined with levofloxacin in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and its effect on inflammatory factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanting Wei ◽  
Hongning Su ◽  
Dandan Geng ◽  
Weimin Huo ◽  
Miao Zhou Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Life Function

Objective: To explore the clinical therapeutic effect of Hongteng decoction combined with levofloxacin on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (CPID) patients and its effect on the expression of inflammatory factors. Methods: 72 patients with CPID who were diagnosed and treated in * * hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected and randomly divided into observation group (n = 36) and control group (n = 36). The control group was treated with levofloxacin and the observation group was treated with Hongteng decoction retention enema on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 2 courses. The clinical therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared, and the changes of related inflammatory indexes such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The score of quality of life and the occurrence of adverse reactions before treatment were compared. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The inflammatory indexes of IL-2, IL-10, CRP and TNF-α in 2 groups before treatment were compared, and there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). After treatment, the expression of IL-2 and IL-10 in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the expression of CRP and TNF-α was lower than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in physical pain, life function, social function and mental health scores between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, scores of physical pain, life function, social function and mental health in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation group and the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Hongteng decoction combined with levofloxacin has definite efficacy in the treatment of CPID, which can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients and inhibit inflammatory response, and is worthy of clinical promotion. Key words: Hongteng decoction; Levofloxacin; Pelvic inflammatory disease; Clinical effect; Inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effect of a combination of montelukast and vitamins A and D drops in children with bronchial asthma, and its influence on quality of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2005-2011
Author(s):  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Junmin Zhang ◽  
Fengxia Shi ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Xiuzhen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of a combination of montelukast and vitamins A and D drops in bronchial asthma children, and its effect on quality of life.Methods: Sixty bronchial asthma children from June 2018 to June 2020 were collected and randomized into study group and control group (30 cases in each group). Control group received montelukast sodium (chewable tablets), while the study group received vitamins A and D drops (capsules) plus. Clinical efficacy, lung function, serum inflammatory factors, and quality of life were evaluated and compared.Results: Compared with control group, total treatment effectiveness was higher and the symptom remission period was shorter in the study group (p < 0.05). Post-treatment, the parameters of FEV1 and FVC increased in both groups, but higher in the study group (p < 0.05). Serum levels of CRP and IL-4 in both groups decreased after treatment, while serum IL-10 levels were significantly up-regulated. Compared with control group, the levels of these indicators were improved in the study group (p < 0.05). Post-treatment Chinese Version of Pediatric Quality of Life Asthma Specific Scale (PedSQL) score was higher than before treatment, with higher values (for all indicators) in the study group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The combination therapy of montelukast and vitamins A and D drops produces good clinical efficacy in children with bronchial asthma. It significantly shortens the time taken for relief of clinical symptoms, improves lung function, reduces inflammatory response, controls asthma, and improves the quality of life of the patients.

scholarly journals Atorvastatin calcium tablets on inflammatory factors, hemorheology and renal function damage indexes in patients with diabetic nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghua Li ◽  
Tianting Shi ◽  
Enpeng Xing ◽  
Hongcui Qu
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Atorvastatin Calcium ◽  
Tnf Α

Objectives: To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on inflammatory factors, hemorheology, and renal function damage in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: One hundred and six DN patients who were treated in our hospital between June 2018 and August 2019 were selected and randomly grouped into observation group and control group, 53 each group. Patients in the control group were given the conventional treatment; patients in the observation group were given atorvastatin treatment on the basis of the conventional treatment. They were treated for three months. The hemorheology indexes (whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, and fibrinogen (FIB)), renal function damage indexes (macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, Secreted frizzled-related protein-5 (SFRP5), and mAIb/Cr) and inflammatory factor related indexes (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were compared between the two groups before and after three months of treatment. Results: After three months of treatment, the hemorheology indexes, renal function damage indexes, and inflammatory factors related indexes in the two groups changed. Compared with the control group, the whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, FIB, MIF, VACM-1, mAIb/Cr, CRP, IL-1, and TNF-α levels in the observation group significantly decreased, while the levels of SERP-5 significantly increased; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Atorvastatin can effectively alleviate the renal function damage in patients with DN, reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors, and improve hemorheology, which has a good clinical application value for DN patients. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4045 How to cite this:Li R, Shi T, Xing E, Qu H. Atorvastatin calcium tablets on inflammatory factors, hemorheology and renal function damage indexes in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4045 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Prognostic value of some inflammatory markers in patients with lymphoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Hamed Anber ◽  
Ahmed H. EL-Sebaie ◽  
Noureldien H.E. Darwish ◽  
Shaker A. Mousa ◽  
Sameh S. Shamaa
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Background: Lymphoma is a group of blood cell tumors which develop from lymphocytes. The main forms of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-HL (NHL). Cytokines may contribute to lymphoma and they are related to risk NHL and HL. Aim: Assessment of the serum level of certain inflammatory markers as complementary indicators to confirm diagnosis of lymphoma patients that may be subjected to more invasive biopsy methods. Method: The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and eotaxin were assessed by Bio-Plex Pro assays in 81 lymphoma patients and 44 NHL and 37 HL patients before and after chemotherapy treatment as well as 20 healthy persons as a control group. Results: Lymphoma patients showed significantly raised marker levels before treatment and significantly reduced levels related to pre-treatment and controls of post-treatment for most of the markers. MCP-1 reported the highest diagnostic accuracy. G-CSF significantly raised pre-treatment and TNF-α. MCP-1 significantly increased in post treated HL compared with NHL. In order to distinguish HL from NHL, G-CSF reported the highest diagnostic accuracy. NHL patients reported complete remission (CR) and those who reported stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) represented 25% and 38% respectively compared with 16% and 27% of HL patients, while partial remission (PR) of HL patients were 56% compared with 36% of NHL patients. Conclusion: Most of the markers were significantly increased in pre-treatment but significantly decreased post-treatment. However, it was not considerably enough to get better prognosis of the disease. Elevated serum levels of inflammatory markers correlate with disease severity and low benefit from treatment.

scholarly journals Clinical efficacy of alprostadil combined with α-lipoic acid in the treatment of elderly patients with diabetic nephropathy

Open Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hong ◽  
Jianyun Peng ◽  
Xiaoping Cai ◽  
Xiaoru Zhang ◽  
Yifei Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thioctic Acid ◽  
Acid Injection ◽  
Tnf Α

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect and toxicity of alprostadil combined with thioctic acid injection in the treatment of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).MethodsSixty two patients with DN were included in this study and randomly divided into control group (n=32) and experiment group (n=30). Patients in the control group were given alprostadil 20ug+NS 100ml ivgtt, qd and patients in the experiment group were given alprostadil 20ug+NS 100ml ivgtt combined with thioctic acid injection of 0.45g+100ml ivgtt, qd for 14 days. After treatment, the renal function and serum level of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α were compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter two weeks of treatment, the serum level of CysC and UAER significant decreased for both control and experiment group with statistical difference of p<0.05. After treatment, the serum level of CysC were 1.40 ±0.46 mg/L and 1.02±0.33 for control and experiment group respectively (p<0.05). The post-treatment UAER in experiment group was significantly lower than those of control group with statistical difference (81.02±0.33 vs112.45±20.32, p<0.05) ug/min. The serum level of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased after treatment for both control and experiment group (p<0.05). And the post-treatment serum CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in experiment group were significantly lower than those of control group with statistical difference (p<0.05). No significant side effects were found for the two groupsin the course of treatment.ConclusionAlprostadil combined with α-lipoic acid may improve renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy by decreasing the levels of serum inflammatory factors.

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