scholarly journals Developing Adult Vaccination Ecosystem in India: Current Perspective and the Way Forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 233339282110307
Author(s):  
Canna Jagdish Ghia ◽  
Gautam Sudhakar Rambhad
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Adult Vaccination ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
Adult Immunization

Introduction: A high burden of vaccine-preventable diseases, increasing elderly population, immunosenescence, and emerging drug resistance emphasize the need for robust adult immunization in India. While immunization guidelines from various societies exist, there is inadequate implementation of the same. Aim: We undertook this narrative review of the adult vaccination ecosystem in India to (i) gain insights into existing adult vaccination practices, (ii) identify barriers to adult vaccination and possible solutions, and (iii) improve collaboration between various stakeholders to help establish adult vaccination centers in the country. Results: Besides the high cost and lack of insurance coverage, the lack of adult vaccination centers contributes to the low coverage of adult immunization. Discussion: These challenges can be addressed through multiple approaches including community awareness and immunization programs, setting up mobile vaccination vans, patient/consumer education, and adequate training of healthcare providers. Successful implementation of these strategies requires active collaboration between the government, hospitals, different stakeholders, and policymakers.

scholarly journals 1385Hesitancy for Adult Vaccination -A New Paradigm for Research in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhita Kalra ◽  
Tanisha Kalra ◽  
Suruchi Mishra ◽  
Saurav Basu ◽  
Nidhi Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Vaccination ◽  
Adult Immunization

Abstract Background Adult immunization has recently emerged as an area of emphasis in research and policy. Increasing life expectancy, outbreaks like COVID-19, and the endemic nature of diseases like dengue, malaria have underscored its importance. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim to assess hesitancy and factors influencing the uptake of vaccines in adults. Methods An online cross-sectional study was conducted among adults (age more than 20 years). Data collection was done by convenience sampling in January 2021. Information on awareness and perceptions regarding adult vaccination and immunization status of participants was collected. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Results A total of 461 adults responded to the survey. Among those who had never received any vaccine in adulthood (n = 158), the reasons were lack of recommendation by healthcare providers (38.6%), lack of knowledge of vaccines (15.8%) and fear of adverse effects following vaccination (7.6%). Hesitancy for vaccines among those who were informed by healthcare workers was as follows: shingles (97.8%), human papillomavirus (92.1%), pneumococcal (91.1%), influenza (79.7%), varicella (79.4%) and tetanus (57.6%). Conclusions Reduced vaccine uptake due to vaccine hesitancy in adulthood is a major health concern. Hesitancy was highest for the shingles vaccine and least for the tetanus vaccine. Key messages Coverage of adult vaccination can be improved by formulating national guidelines and encouraging healthcare providers to raise awareness. In-depth qualitative studies are needed to understand the perception of adults towards vaccination.

scholarly journals Manifesto on the Value of Adult Immunization: “We Know, We Intend, We Advocate”

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Raffaele Antonelli-Incalzi ◽  
Francesco Blasi ◽  
Michele Conversano ◽  
Giovanni Gabutti ◽  
Sandro Giuffrida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Vaccination Recommendations ◽  
Adult Vaccination ◽  
Italian Context

Immunization through vaccination is a milestone achievement that has made a tremendous contribution to public health. Historically, immunization programs aimed firstly to protect children, who were disproportionally affected by infectious diseases. However, vaccine-preventable diseases can have significant impacts on adult mortality, health, and quality of life. Despite this, adult vaccinations have historically been overlooked in favor of other health priorities, because their benefits to society were not well recognized. As the general population is aging, the issue of vaccination in older adults is gaining importance. In high-income countries, recommendations for the routine vaccination of older adults have been gradually introduced. The Italian National Immunization Plan is considered to be among the most advanced adult vaccination plans in Europe. However, available data indicate there is low adherence to vaccination recommendations in Italy. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the damage that can be caused by an infectious disease, especially among adults and individuals with comorbidities. The aim of this “Manifesto”, therefore, is to provide an overview of the existing evidence on the value of adult vaccination, in the Italian context, with a call to action to healthcare providers and health authorities.

scholarly journals Routine Pediatric Vaccination in Pakistan During COVID-19: How Can Healthcare Professionals Help?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Khan ◽  
Asima Bibi ◽  
Khanzada Sheraz Khan ◽  
Ayesha Raza Butt ◽  
Hira Amin Alvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Immunization Rate ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
Pediatric Vaccination

Pakistan is still fighting to overcome vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD). The vaccination coverage in rural children remains unsatisfactory amid various barriers including price, hesitancy, and low level of awareness. COVID-19 has decreased the immunization rate in Pakistan due to restricted movements, shortage of vaccines, and low coverage. During the current pandemic, there are high risks that children may get VPD resulting in another infectious disease catastrophe. There is a dire need to put aggressive measures by the government of Pakistan in time to ensure the optimal vaccine coverage. Public education programs for immunization, telehealth services, the involvement of community pharmacies, and the drive-through vaccination system may help to enhance the vaccination rate during the ongoing health crisis.

scholarly journals Factors that Influence the Implementation of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Ali Imron ◽  
Ida Yustina ◽  
Etti Sudaryati
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIB) is placing the baby in the mother's stomach immediately after birth in a position of skin contact with the mother in an hour after birth, if there is no medical indication. RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan was one of the government hospitals, education, national referrals, and plenary status had implementing EIB. Achievement of EIB in this hospital decreased from (27.71%) in 2016 to (23.08%) in 2017. The purpose of this study was to explore the implementation of EIB in RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan. This was a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach through in-depth interviews. The informants were 6 people, consisting of 2 midwives and 1 structural official in medical services, 2 patients and 1 gynecologist. Implementation of EIB in the hospital wasn’t going well, the factors that influence EIB were communication, disposition and management’s function. The successful implementation of EIB can reduce maternal and infant mortality rates, suggested to RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan forms a special team to monitoring and evaluates the implementation of EIB, set and carry out sanctions for implementation of EIB, and increases the competence and motivation of health workers.

scholarly journals Refugees and Sustainable Health Development in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehdi Kiani ◽  
Khatere Khanjankhani ◽  
Afsaneh Takbiri ◽  
Amirhossein Takian
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government

Background: Refugees’ access to quality healthcare services might be compromised, which can in turn hinder universal health coverage (UHC), and achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), ultimately. Objective: This article aims to illustrate the status of refugees’ access to healthcare and main initiatives to improve their health status in Iran. Methods: This is a mixed-method study with two consecutive phases: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative phase, through a review of documents and semi-structured interviews with 40 purposively-selected healthcare providers, the right of refugees to access healthcare services in the Iranian health system was examined. In the quantitative phase, data on refugees’ insurance coverage and their utilization from community-based rehabilitation (CBR) projects were collected and analyzed. Results: There are international and upstream policies, laws and practical projects that support refugees’ health in Iran. Refugees and immigrants have free access to most healthcare services provided in the PHC network in Iran. They can also access curative and rehabilitation services, the costs of which depend on their health insurance status. In 2015, the government allowed the inclusion of all registered refugees in the Universal Public Health Insurance (UPHI) scheme. Moreover, the mean number of disabled refugees using CBR services was 786 (±389.7). The mean number of refugees covered by the UPHI scheme was 112,000 (±30404.9). Conclusion: The United Nations’ SDGs ask to strive for peace and reducing inequity. Along its pathway towards UHC, despite limited resources received from the international society, the government of Iran has taken some fundamental steps to serve refugees similar to citizens of Iran. Although the initiative looks promising, more is still required to bring NGOs on board and fulfill the vision of leaving no one behind.

scholarly journals Vaccination Barriers for Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ramendra Pati Pandey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Disease ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult Vaccination ◽  
Adult Immunization ◽  
Vaccination Barriers

The growth of childhood vaccination in India has been increased over the past two decades as >25% of deaths due to infections are prevented with the help of vaccines. Vaccination is also recommended for adults where adult vaccination is mostly ignored in India. In India, childhood vaccination is considered the main priority, WHO has also issued guidelines for childhood vaccination. Generally, adults have less susceptible to traditional infectious agents but the probability of exposure to the infectious agents has increased. SO the problem of adult immunization should be considered. Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in adults are more neglected. There are many reasons for the causes of the VPDs in adults. These can be prevented by immunization among adults. Each country should provide a proper guideline for adult vaccination. When it comes to India, our country doesn’t have proper guidelines for Adult immunization. As to decrease the morbidity and mortality in the life of a person the vaccine uptake for the immunization must be ensured. This article mainly focuses on the vaccine-preventable disease in India with the role of adult immunizations and the steps to ensure the betterment of the vaccine uptake among the adults.

scholarly journals Determinants of health insurance ownership in Jordan: a cross-sectional study of population and family health survey 2017–2018

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e038945
Author(s):  
Meilian Liu ◽  
Zhaoxin Luo ◽  
Donghua Zhou ◽  
Lu Ji ◽  
Huilin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
National Development ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

ObjectivesWith about one-third of the population living below the poverty line, Jordan faces major healthcare, social and national development issues. Low insurance coverage among the poor and high out-of-pocket expenditure worsens the financial insecurity especially for the marginalised population. The Government of Jordan aims to achieve universal coverage of health insurance—a bold plan that requires research evidence for successful implementation. In this study, we aimed to assess the proportion of the population covered by any health insurance, and the determinants owing a health insurance.DesignA population-based prospective cohort study.SettingJordan.MethodsData for this study were derived from the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey, which was implemented by the Department of Statistics from early October 2017 to January 2018. Sample characteristics were described as percentages with 95% CIs. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate OR of health insurance ownership. Parsimonious model was employed to assess the sex and geographical differences.ResultsData revealed that in 2017–2018, 73.13% of the 12 992 men and women had health insurance. There was no indication of age of sex difference in health insurance ownership; however, marital status and socioeconomic factors such as wealth and education as well as internet access and geographical location appeared to be the important predictors of non-use of health insurance. The associations differed by sex and urbanicity for certain variables. Addressing these inequities may help achieve universal coverage in health insurance ownership in the population.ConclusionsMore than one-quarter of the population in Jordan were not insured. Efforts to decrease disparities in insurance coverage should focus on minimising socioeconomic and geographical disparities to promote equity in terms of healthcare services.

E-Projects Challenges in India – Role of Human Resource Management and Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Ramnik Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Approaches

E-governance is a paradigm shift over the traditional approaches in Public Administration which means rendering of government services and information to the public by using electronic means. In the past decades, service quality and responsiveness of the government towards the citizens were least important but with the approach of E-Government the government activities are now well dealt. This paper withdraws experiences from various studies from different countries and projects facing similar challenges which need to be consigned for the successful implementation of e-governance projects. Developing countries like India face poverty and illiteracy as a major obstacle in any form of development which makes it difficult for its government to provide e-services to its people conveniently and fast. It also suggests few suggestions to cope up with the challenges faced while implementing e-projects in India.

Ghana: the State of Agriculture and Prospects for Food Security in the Context of Achieving SDGs

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Tatyana Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

For the first time in Russian African studies, the author examines the current state of agriculture, challenges and prospects for food security in Ghana, which belongs to the group of African countries that have made the most progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are a collection of 17 global goals adopted by UN member states in 2015 with a view of achieving them by 2030. The SDGs include: ending poverty in all its forms everywhere (Goal 1); ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture (2); ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages (3), etc. These goals are considered fundamental because the achievement of a number of other SDGs – for example, ensuring quality education (4), achieving gender equality (5), ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns (12), etc. – largely depends on their implementation. Ghana was commended by the world community for the significant reduction in poverty, hunger and malnutrition between 2000 and 2014, i.e. for the relatively successful implementation of the first of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000–2015) – the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. However, SDGs require more careful study and planning of implementation measures. In order to achieve the SDGs, the Government of Ghana has adopted a number of programs, plans and projects, the successful implementation of which often stumbles upon the lack of funding and lack of coordination between state bodies, private and public organizations, foreign partners – donors and creditors, etc., which are involved in the processes of socioeconomic development of Ghana. The author determines the reasons for the lack of food security in Ghana, gives an assessment of the state of the agricultural sector, the effective development of which is a prerequisite for the reduction of poverty and hunger, primarily due to the engagement of a significant share (45%) of the economically active population in this sector. The study shows that the limited growth in food production is largely due to the absence of domestic markets and necessary roads, means of transportation, irrigation and storage infrastructure, as well as insufficient investment in the agricultural sector, rather than to a shortage of fertile land or labor.

scholarly journals Reluctance to Accept Palliative Care and Recommendations for Improvement: Findings From Semi-Structured Interviews With Patients and Caregivers

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110126
Author(s):  
Valeria Cardenas ◽  
Anna Rahman ◽  
Yujun Zhu ◽  
Susan Enguidanos
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Palliative Care Services

Background: Despite some insurance plans now paying for home-based palliative care, recent reports have suggested that insurance coverage for palliative care may be insufficient in expanding patient access to home-based palliative care. Aim: To identify patients’ and caregivers’ perceived barriers to home-based palliative care and their recommendations for overcoming these barriers. Design: We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured individual interviews. Our interview protocol elicited participants’ perspectives on home-based palliative care services; positive and negative aspects of the palliative program explanation; and suggestions for improving messaging around home-based palliative care. Setting/Participants: Twenty-five participants (patients, proxies, and their caregivers) who were eligible for a randomized controlled trial of home-based palliative care were interviewed by telephone. Results: Themes related to home-based palliative care referral barriers included reluctance to have home visits, enrollment timing, lack of palliative care knowledge, misconceptions about palliative care, and patients’ self-perceived health condition. Themes related to recommendations for overcoming these obstacles included ensuring that palliative care referrals come from healthcare providers or insurance companies and presenting palliative care services more clearly. Conclusion: Findings reinforce the need for additional palliative care education among patients with serious illness (and their caregivers) and the importance of delivering palliative care information and referrals from trusted sources.

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