scholarly journals Biases of Online Political Polls: Who Participates?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311879108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Hargittai ◽  
Gokce Karaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Voter Preference ◽  
Education And Employment

With a large portion of the population online and the high cost of phone-based surveys, querying people about their voter preference online can offer an affordable and timely alternative. However, given that there are biases in who adopts various sites and services that are often used as sampling frames (e.g., various social media), online political polls may not represent the views of the overall population. How are such polls biased? Who is most likely to participate in them? Drawing on a national survey of voter-eligible American adults administered in summer 2016, this paper shows that background characteristics (i.e., age, gender, race, education, and employment status) as well as Internet experiences and skills relate to who casts votes in online political polls.

Influence Of Demographic Variables On Choice Of Media

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Sugandha Shekhar Thakur ◽  
Dr Sachin Sinha ◽  
Dr Deepti Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
The Common ◽  
Media Habits ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Immense Potential

Media is considered to be the fourth pillar of democracy. Mass media in particular has immense potential to shape the attitudes of the common masses. With the passage of time, media is becoming an all-powerful engine of social change. It plays the role a catalyst in churning the minds of the masses. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the news items brought to the knowledge of the public pay a strong role in creating a mandate. People have varied choices when it comes to their media habits. They are greatly influenced by their socio-economic background and educational exposure. This paper aims to identify the influence of demographic variables like gender, age, education and employment status on the choice of media.  The paper also highlights the current and emerging media habits of people.

Empathy not quarantined: Association between people’s empathy to others and the COVID-19 pandemic situations based on a national survey study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibin Jiang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Bu Zhong ◽  
Xuebing Qin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The Social

BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic had turned the world upside down, but not much is known about how people’s empathy might be affected by the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study examined 1) how empathy towards others might be influenced by the social support people obtained by using social media; and 2) how the individual demographics (e.g., age, income) may affect empathy. METHODS A national survey (N = 943) was conducted in China in February 2020, in which the participants read three real scenarios about low-income urban workers (Scenario I), small business owners in cities (Scenario II), and farmers in rural areas (Scenario III) who underwent hardship due to COVID-19. After exposure to others’ difficulties in the scenarios, the participants’ empathy and anxiety levels were measured. We also measured the social support they had by using social media. RESULTS Results show that social support not only positively impacted empathy, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario I, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario II, and β = .29, P < .001 for Scenario III, but also interacted with anxiety in influencing the degree to which participants could maintain empathy towards others, β = .08, P = .010 for Scenario I, and β = .07, P = .033 for scenario II. Age negatively predicted empathy for Scenario I, β = -.08, P = .018 and Scenario III, β = -.08, P = .009, but not for Scenario II, β = -.03, P = .40. Income levels – low, medium, high – positively predicted empathy for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 8.10, P < .001, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = 2.14, P = .12, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 2.93, P = .06. Participants living in big cities expressed greater empathy towards others for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 4.03, P =.018, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = .81, P = .45, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 1.46, P =.23. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the literature by discovering the critical role empathy plays in people’s affective response to others during the pandemic. Anxiety did not decrease empathy. However, those gaining more social support on social media showed more empathy for others. Those who resided in cities with higher income levels were more empathetic during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study reveals that the social support people obtained helped maintain empathy to others, making them resilient in challenging times.

scholarly journals The dangers of blind trust: Examining the interplay among social media news use, misinformation identification, and news trust on conspiracy beliefs

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252199802
Author(s):  
Xizhu Xiao ◽  
Porismita Borah ◽  
Yan Su
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
News Consumption ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Moderation Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Moderator ◽  
News Use

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation has been circulating on social media and multiple conspiracy theories have since become quite popular. We conducted a U.S. national survey for three main purposes. First, we aim to examine the association between social media news consumption and conspiracy beliefs specific to COVID-19 and general conspiracy beliefs. Second, we investigate the influence of an important moderator, social media news trust, that has been overlooked in prior studies. Third, we further propose a moderated moderation model by including misinformation identification. Our findings show that social media news use was associated with higher conspiracy beliefs, and trust in social media news was found to be a significant moderator of the relationship between social media news use and conspiracy beliefs. Moreover, our findings show that misinformation identification moderated the relationship between social media news use and trust. Implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Economic Abuse of Women in Amman, Jordan: A Quantitative Study

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402098261
Author(s):  
Rula Odeh Alsawalqa
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Economic Abuse ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Abuse Of Women

As the literature on the economic abuse of women in Arabic contexts is quite limited, we aimed to detect the correlation between this economic abuse and a variety of demographic variables. Specifically, we considered women’s age, education, income, number of children, and length of marriage, as well as the husband’s education and employment status. We distributed questionnaires that included the economic, psychological, and community composite abuse scales to 500 married working women in the capital of Amman, Jordan. The results revealed that the economic abuse of women decreased as their education levels and length of marriage increased, as long as the husband worked full-time. In addition, a husband’s high education level would also increase the likelihood of economic abuse. Most importantly, the findings showed that economic abuse definitively heightened the probability of intimate partner violence (psychological, emotional, and physical abuse, as well as harassment).

scholarly journals Differential effect of gender, marital status, religion, ethnicity, education and employment status on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abiodun Musbau Lawal ◽  
Emmanuel Onu Alhassan ◽  
Hammed Oladeji Mogaji ◽  
Ikenna Maximillian Odoh ◽  
Ekong Akpan Essien
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Education And Employment

A Discriminant Analysis of Committed and Voluntary Psychiatric Patients

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Nicholson ◽  
Joseph M. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Double Cross

Eleven background, diagnostic, and hospitalization characteristics were used to discriminate committed and voluntary psychiatric patients in a double cross-validation design. Diagnosis was more important than individual social and status resources (race, marital status, education, and employment status) in discriminating the two groups of patients. Further, characteristics of hospitalization (length of stay, percentage of patients receiving maximum benefit from treatment, and frequency of discharge referrals) did not contribute significantly to discrimination of the two groups, suggesting that committed and voluntary patients did not differ with regard to the adequacy or effectiveness of treatment in the hospital.

Systematic Literature Review:Online Social Media Interaction in Education and Employment Cluster/ Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik: Interaksi Media Sosial Atas Talian dalam Kluster Pendidikan dan Pekerjaan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Shela Saleh ◽  
Mohd Shafie Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Online Interaction ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
The Face ◽  
Media Interaction ◽  
Education And Employment

The research is related to online social media interactions in education and employment clusters. The researcher has developed five objectives of the study specifically to identifying the top forms of social media in Malaysia, to identifying the tendency of Malaysians to habit social media, to identifying online interaction platforms in the employment sector, to identifying the effectiveness of social media in generating income and for educational purposes. All objectives use two methods of analysis that is critical factor analysis and quantitative analysis. All of these objectives were achieved. The results show that Malaysians are more likely to use Facebook social media and WhatsApp application in their regular lives for social, educational and career purposes. This shows that social media and interaction applications have a positive impact on society, especially for employees and students in the face of the changing world of Technology in the 21st century.

A Survey of Recreation Personnel in Agencies and Schools for Blind and Visually Impaired People

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
I. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Professional Affiliation ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

This article reports on a national survey of recreation personnel in agencies and schools for blind and visually impaired persons. The survey addressed the personnel's employment status, educational background and continuing education experiences, professional affiliation, and interest in networking with other recreation personnel who work with blind and visually impaired persons.

Diffusion of disinformation: How social media users respond to fake news and why

Journalism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson C Tandoc ◽  
Darren Lim ◽  
Rich Ling
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Sequential Design ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Explanatory Sequential Design ◽  
Depth Interviews

This exploratory study seeks to understand the diffusion of disinformation by examining how social media users respond to fake news and why. Using a mixed-methods approach in an explanatory-sequential design, this study combines results from a national survey involving 2501 respondents with a series of in-depth interviews with 20 participants from the small but economically and technologically advanced nation of Singapore. This study finds that most social media users in Singapore just ignore the fake news posts they come across on social media. They would only offer corrections when the issue is strongly relevant to them and to people with whom they share a strong and close interpersonal relationship.

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