Tamil Nadu Politics and Tamil Cinema: A Symbiotic Relationship?

2021 ◽  
pp. 239386172110541
Author(s):  
Selvaraj Velayutham ◽  
Vijay Devadas
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Everyday Politics ◽  
Tamil Cinema ◽  
And Gender

From the second-half of the twentieth century, a nascent Tamil cinema became increasingly influential in Tamil society and more prominent in political life. The Dravidar Kazhagam, founded by Periyar E. V. Ramasamy in 1944, morphed into the DMK and AIADMK, two dominant state political parties in Tamil Nadu. Through the medium of film, some of its leading lights, C. N. Annadurai, M. Karunanidhi, M. G. Ramachandran and Jayalalitha, cultivated cinema audiences and the voting public in the political ideologies of the Dravidian movement and subsequently became Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu. The symbiotic relationship between politics and Tamil cinema has meant that political and social commentaries and the assertion of Tamil nationalistic ideas was commonplace in Tamil films. In recent years, Tamil cinema has become the vehicle for raising a wide range of concerns ranging from caste, class and gender and state/nation politics, marking a shift that focusses on everyday politics in the state. In this article, we present a critical survey of the role of Tamil cinema in disseminating particular realities and politics of identity that speak to an essentialised notion of Tamil cultural and linguistic identity, the concomitant disavowal of broader conceptions of Indian-ness or belonging to the Indian nation, as well as the use of cinema to address everyday politics in the State.

Violence against Women in Politics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Lena Krook
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ongoing Dialogue

Women have made significant inroads into politics in recent years, but in many parts of the world, their increased engagement has spurred attacks, intimidation, and harassment intended to deter their participation. This book provides the first comprehensive account of this phenomenon, exploring how women came to give these experiences a name—violence against women in politics—and lobby for its increased recognition by citizens, states, and international organizations. Drawing on research in multiple disciplines, the volume resolves lingering ambiguities regarding its contours by arguing that violence against women in politics is not simply a gendered extension of existing definitions of political violence privileging physical aggressions against rivals. Rather, it is a distinct phenomenon involving a broad range of harms to attack and undermine women as political actors. Incorporating a wide range of country examples, the book illustrates what this violence looks like in practice, catalogues emerging solutions around the world, and considers how to document this phenomenon more effectively. Highlighting its implications for democracy, human rights, and gender equality, the volume concludes that tackling violence against women in politics requires ongoing dialogue and collaboration to ensure women’s equal rights to participate—freely and safely—in political life around the globe.

Revolutionary Graffiti and Cairene Women

Women Rising ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
Soumia Bardhan ◽  
Karen A. Foss
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The State ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Gender Dynamics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Egyptian Women ◽  
And Gender

Through an unparalleled explosion of street art and graffiti campaigns during and after the January 25, 2011, revolution, many public spaces in Cairo, Egypt, became symbols of people’s revolt against the state. These spaces resemble open-air galleries showcasing street art on a wide range of social issues. These graffiti encourage women to resist societal pressures and daily humiliation, reclaim public spaces, and confront existing power and gender dynamics. These graffiti show Egyptian women performing agency as they create their own depiction of the role of women in post-Mubarak Cairo. In this essay, Soumia Bardhan and Karen A. Foss perform a rhetorical analysis of the female-centered graffiti displayed in Cairo’s public spaces in post-Mubarak Egypt. They analyze street art and graffiti by prominent graffiti artists, significant graffiti campaigns, and their own photographs of graffiti taken at the sites.

scholarly journals Dialogue between the individual and the state in contemporary Russian society

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Roman Bogatyrev ◽  
Nadezhda Kapustina ◽  
Maya Nachkebiya ◽  
Tatiana Perutskaya
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effective Development

This article discusses the important aspects of the dialogue between the individual and the state in modern times. The importance of interaction between the government and the society in the modern world is one of the most urgent tasks for young researchers and for the society as a whole. Emphasizing the importance of strengthening and developing a democratic state governed by the rule of law, researchers identify a wide range of factors that have a direct impact on the positive and effective development of interaction between the government and the society. One such factor is the model of individual-state dialogue. The study of such a dialogue from an anthropological point of view will make it possible to highlight the most successful models of interaction between the society authorities to create effective management mechanisms that affect both the quality of citizens’ life and the development of the state as a whole in a positive way. For a more detailed study of the models of building a dialogue between the individual and the state, it is necessary to consider the existing examples of interaction and analyze the historical aspects of the relationship between the society and the state. The modern practice of state and municipal governing strives to make the government more transparent and open to citizens, such a policy contributes to the maximum involvement of citizens in the public and political life of the state. The article also deals with the issues of involving citizens in the social and political life of the society; it discusses the motivational measures and the policy of the state in the field of engaging citizens in interaction and establishment of a meaningful, effective dialogue between the society and the state.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF BUDGETING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING INCLUSIVE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH OF THE STATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Andriy KIZYMA ◽  
Zoryana LOBODINA
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Introduction. Slowing economic growth, the spread of destructive demographic and environmental processes, increasing inequality in access to participation in economic, social and political life of the country necessitate the search for innovative budgeting technologies that would include elements of inclusion. The purpose of the article is justification of the theoretical foundations of inclusive budgeting, determination of preconditions and necessity of introduction of this technology into budgetary practice of Ukraine. Methods. In the course of research systematic approach to study widespread budgeting technologies, used in foreign and domestic practice, and the following methods of scientific cognition: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, associations, analogies and others, were used. Results. In order to ensure the socio-economic development of Ukraine on the basis of the concept of inclusive sustainable growth, the necessity of introducing technology of inclusive budgeting, which would take into account the benefits of practical use of program-targeted, participatory and gender-based budgeting, has been proved. The main features of inclusive budgeting include: existence of legislatively approved rules, norms and procedures that maximally involve citizens into filling budgets of different levels on the basis of the principle of progressive taxation and provide them with equal access possibilities to public services; maximize the involvement of society members in formulation of the budget programs on the basis of which budget expenditures are determined, as well as in monitoring their implementation, including the reporting procedure. Interpretation of the terms “budgetary inclusion” and “inclusive budgeting” is proposed. The main elements of inclusive budgeting include: budget programs; performance indicators for evaluating the implementation of budget programs; budget program executors; initiative, active, financially competent citizens; participatory budgeting. The main stages of integration of inclusive aspects in the budget process are defined: carrying out inclusive budget analysis (analysis of budget requests, budget programs and the state of their financing, budgets in order to identify problems of unequal access of citizens to budgetary resources and public services); formulation of the goals and recommendations to enhance inclusion; making changes to budget requests, budget programs, budgets; monitoring and evaluation of the results of changes made to budget requests, budget programs, budgets. Perspectives. The subject of further research is an in-depth study of the problems of budget inclusion.

Rhetorical Bodies and Movement-Images in the 1949 Tamil Film Velaikari (House Maid)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
Gopalan Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chief Minister ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tamil Cinema ◽  
Time Image

The notion of ‘rhetorical bodies’ argues the cause of the rhetorical elements in the material and the material elements in the rhetorical in ways that can be seen as analogous to the bi-partite modes of Deleuzian film philosophy, ‘movement-image’ and ‘time-image’. Tamil films of the 1940s and 1950s bear the strong imprints of the rhetorical elements of the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidian Movement, which took root in different versions during the 1920s–60s. The narrative locations of the bodies (both male and female) in the Tamil films of the 1940s and 1950s provide interesting theoretical and analytical challenges if one seeks to combine the Deleuzian notions of ‘movement-image’ with the notions of material rhetorics. The coming together of these notions provides new pointers to the understanding of an important phase in the history of Tamil cinema for its implications on the long-running nexus between politics and films in the state of Tamil Nadu. The Deleuzian trajectory in film philosophy provides more than enough pointers to examine early Tamil cinema's attempts to construct ‘movement-images’ through rhetorical bodies. This paper seeks to examine the contexts of ‘movement-images’ and the role of ‘rhetorical bodies’ in constructing the same in Velaikari (1949), scripted by C. N. Annadurai. Popularly known as Aringnar Anna, C. N. Annadurai was the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and the Founder of DMK (Dravida Munnetra Kazhakam), the party which unseated Congress from power in Tamil Nadu in 1967, and the state remains out of reach of the national parties ever since.

scholarly journals The Purpose of the State: Ancient, Liberal, Marxist and Feminist Standpoints

2016 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Khan Waseem ◽  
Hussan Sana ◽  
Qureshi Bushra
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Political System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Capitalist State

Every political ideology has a distinct conception of various aspects of human life such as reason, purpose of life, free-will, liberty, freedom, autonomy, democracy, sovereignty and moral rights and obligations of the citizen. But the fundamental purpose of a political ideology is to define the purpose of the state and its role in providing a political system to its citizen in which individuals can live their social and political life according to the moral values and ethical principles of that political ideology. This paper only elucidates the purpose of the state according to ancient, Liberal, Marxist and Feminist standpoints. To understand the viewpoint of each political ideology, it is necessary to understand the political thought of its founders. It is pertinent to mention that all political thinkers have one ultimate aim in describing the purpose of the state which is the "ultimate good" of the citizen though they may differ with each other. The viewpoint of one ideology about the purpose of the state may be at odds with another ideology. For example, liberals demand freedom and equality while accepting the capitalist state but Marxist reject the capitalist state in totality, however they also demand freedom and equality of man. Hence, all these political ideologies of these great political thinkers have developed into political movements and later into the formation of political parties which resulted in the modern day civic political system.

Political Ideologies and Social Welfare

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Abramovitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
And Gender

Political ideologies shape public policy debates as well as the social policy strategies developed to address social problems. The clashes among these long-standing political traditions—conservatism, liberalism, radicalism—reflect fundamental and often irreconcilable differences regarding social, economic, and political life. Ideology also shapes theories of racial and gender inequality. These ideological perspectives and theories are compared for their views on several core issues that underpin social welfare provision, including human nature, need, the general welfare, social problems, and the role of government. The resulting distinctions provide social workers with a framework to more effectively assess contemporary social welfare policies.

scholarly journals Trends in the development of digital agriculture: a review of international practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00172
Author(s):  
Yulia Sinitsa ◽  
Olga Borodina ◽  
Olga Gvozdeva ◽  
Elena Kolbneva
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Agriculture ◽  
Quality Of Products

In the modern world, information and communication technologies play an important role in the development of agricultural production, influencing the social, economic and political life of society and the state as a whole. The introduction of such technologies makes it possible to improve the quality of products and services, and to increase the export of agricultural and food products. Existing agricultural technologies make it possible to analyze and process large amounts of information, combine various information resources on one platform, control and reduce production risks, meet the information needs of a wide range of stakeholders, from the state to the end consumer, and guarantee security in cyberspace. An important role in the digitalization of agriculture is played by the resource potential of people employed in agriculture. Particular attention is paid to the development of scientific centers, training courses, where modern highprecision agricultural technologies are studied in-depth. The authors of the article examined the trends in the development of digital agriculture in the countries of Europe and Central Asia, where agricultural production is the fundamental basis of state policy.

DSM-5 alcohol use disorder features among treatment-seeking older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Behrendt ◽  
Barbara Braun ◽  
Randi Bilberg ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer ◽  
Michael Bogenschutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
International Multicenter

Abstract. Background: The number of older adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) is expected to rise. Adapted treatments for this group are lacking and information on AUD features in treatment seeking older adults is scarce. The international multicenter randomized-controlled clinical trial “ELDERLY-Study” with few exclusion criteria was conducted to investigate two outpatient AUD-treatments for adults aged 60+ with DSM-5 AUD. Aims: To add to 1) basic methodological information on the ELDERLY-Study by providing information on AUD features in ELDERLY-participants taking into account country and gender, and 2) knowledge on AUD features in older adults seeking outpatient treatment. Methods: baseline data from the German and Danish ELDERLY-sites (n=544) were used. AUD diagnoses were obtained with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, alcohol use information with Form 90. Results: Lost control, desired control, mental/physical problem, and craving were the most prevalent (> 70 %) AUD-symptoms. 54.9 % reported severe DSM-5 AUD (moderate: 28.2 %, mild: 16.9 %). Mean daily alcohol use was 6.3 drinks at 12 grams ethanol each. 93.9 % reported binging. More intense alcohol use was associated with greater AUD-severity and male gender. Country effects showed for alcohol use and AUD-severity. Conclusion: European ELDERLY-participants presented typical dependence symptoms, a wide range of severity, and intense alcohol use. This may underline the clinical significance of AUD in treatment-seeking seniors.

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