Testicular Microlithiasis: Case Report and Current Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-494
Author(s):  
Rymma Dudar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Testicular Microlithiasis ◽  
Sonographic Examination ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Sonographic evaluation is the gold standard in diagnosing of testicular microlithiasis, the nature of which has raised controversy in opinions regarding its premalignant or benign tendency. Testicular microlithiasis is often an incidental finding on sonographic examination with indications for other disease processes, and it may or may not require additional follow-up. This pathology has raised equal interest among domestic and foreign researchers, and studies have been performed on both adult and pediatric populations, yet there is no standard recommendation for follow-up care of testicular microlithiasis. Isolated testicular microlithiasis and that with additional risk factors may require different approaches to testing and care. In this publication, a case study is reviewed and two approaches to follow-up care of testicular microlithiasis based on the associated risk factors or a lack of thereof are discussed.

Development of a Primary Testicular Tumour during Surveillance for Testicular Microlithiasis

Ultrasound ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iheoma Amaechi ◽  
Mohammed Z Khan ◽  
Paul S Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Testicular Tumour ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Testicular Microlithiasis

We describe a case of the development of a testicular tumour in a patient with unilateral limited testicular microlithiasis after five years on a follow-up surveillance program. We discuss the risk factors for the development of a testicular tumour, review the literature, and suggest a management strategy for follow-up of patients with testicular microlithiasis.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 687-690
Author(s):  
MUNIR AKMAL LODHI ◽  
GHULAM SHABBIR ◽  
NASIR ALI SHAH
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Glucose Estimation

Objectives: Recurrent episodes of neonatal hypoglycemia are strongly associated with long termphysical and neuro-developmental deficits. (1) Moreover in neonates hypoglycemia can be overlooked as it may havenonspecific symptoms only. (2) This study was therefore carried out to analyse the risk factors associated with neonatalhypoglycemia and to evaluate the risk factors which have predictive value in its diagnosis. .Design: Based case controlstudy. Period: Six months from January 2005 to June 2005. Setting CMH Pano Aqil. Material and Methods: 385newborns were studied. Newborns of both civilians as well as military personnel were included in the study. 11newborns were excluded. Out of remaining 347 patients 101 were found to be hypoglycemia. Five risk factors (low birthweight, Birth Asphyxia, Neonatal sepsis, Meconeum aspiration syndrome delayed feeding ) strongly and independentlypredicated the risk of hypoglycemia. Results: The most common associated risk factor was low birth weight (47.47%)followed by delayed feeding (46.29%). Blood sampling for glucose estimation was done at birth / admission at 6 hours,12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours. Test was initially performed by glucometer, the reading which were confirmed bylaboratory testing in border line case. Conclusions: In neonates with associated risk factors it is cost affective to carryout blood glucose levels at the time of birth and follow up readings taken as indicated by clinical progress later on.

scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence and associated risk factors of STIs during pregnancy in South Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054631
Author(s):  
Dorothy Chiwoniso Nyemba ◽  
Andrew Medina-Marino ◽  
Remco P H Peters ◽  
Jeffrey D Klausner ◽  
Phuti Ngwepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Syndromic Management ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

ObjectiveSTIs during pregnancy increase adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and may increase HIV risk. STI syndromic management is standard of care in South Africa. Our study evaluated the prevalence and incidence of STIs in pregnant women and the associated risk factors.MethodsWe combined data from two prospective observational studies of pregnant women enrolled while attending their first antenatal clinic (ANC) visit in Tshwane District and Cape Town. Women ≥18 years were tested at first ANC visit and at their first postpartum visit for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis using Xpert assays (Cepheid, USA). We evaluated the prevalence and incidence of STI and the associated risk factors using multivariable regression models.ResultsWe enrolled 669 pregnant women, 64% (n=427) from Tshwane District and 36% (n=242) from Cape Town; 80% (n=534) were women living with HIV (WLHIV) and 20% (n=135) without HIV. At enrolment, 37% (n=250) were diagnosed with at least one STI, of which 76% (n=190) were asymptomatic. STI prevalence was 40% (n=213) in WLHIV and 27% (n=37) in women without HIV (p=0.01). Baseline STI infection was associated with younger age (OR=0.95 per year, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98), higher gestational age (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.03 per week, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05), single relationship status (aOR=1.53, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.15) and HIV status (aOR=1.86, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.95). Of 419 participants with no STI at baseline, 21 had an incident STI during follow-up, with a mean follow-up time of 140 days. The incidence rate of STI during pregnancy and early post partum was 15 infections per 100 women-years (95% CI 9 to 23). Younger age was associated with STI incidence.ConclusionOur study shows high prevalence and incidence of STIs in pregnancy, especially in WLHIV, demonstrating the need for STI screening in ANC to prevent adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Most STI cases were asymptomatic and would have gone untreated with syndromic management. Aetiological STI screening is urgently needed to reduce the burden of STIs in pregnancy.

Changes in Voice- and Swallowing-Related Symptoms After Thyroidectomy: One-Year Follow-Up Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Min Park ◽  
Kyung Ho Oh ◽  
Jae-Gu Cho ◽  
Seung-Kuk Baek ◽  
Soon-Young Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Objective: We analyzed the changes in voice- and swallowing-related symptoms that occurred over time in patients who underwent thyroidectomy and identified any associated risk factors. Methods: One hundred and three patients who underwent thyroidectomy were enrolled. Results: The mean thyroidectomy voice-related questionnaire (TVQ) score before surgery was 12.41 ± 12.19; it significantly increased to 28.24 ± 18.01 ( P < .001) 1 month postoperatively, decreased to 24.02 ± 17.30 ( P = .014) and 20.66 ± 15.29 ( P = .023) 3 and 6 months postoperatively, respectively. It was continuously decreased to 18.83 ± 14.63 twelve months postoperatively. The temporal changes in TVQ scores between patients who underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy were significantly different. There was a statistically significant difference in the temporal changes in TVQ according to whether neck dissection was performed. The temporal changes in TVQ in patients with and without extrathyroidal extension were significantly different. Conclusions: Voice- and swallowing-related discomfort in patients who received thyroidectomy showed dynamic changes over time. There was a significant difference in the degree of change according to clinicopathological factors. Patients with these risk factors may benefit from appropriate patient education and various rehabilitation programs for symptom relief.

scholarly journals Incidence of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors among subjects with type 2 diabetes – An 11-year follow up study

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Umamahesh ◽  
A. Vigneswari ◽  
G. Surya Thejaswi ◽  
K. Satyavani ◽  
Vijay Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Accidental button battery ingestion presenting as croup

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gohil ◽  
J Culshaw ◽  
P Jackson ◽  
S Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Button Battery ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Contrast Swallow ◽  
Button Batteries

AbstractObjectives:To report a case of misdiagnosis of an impacted oesophageal button battery in a child, and to describe the associated risk factors for impaction and the management of such cases.Case report:An 18-month-old, otherwise fit and well child with stridulous respiration was initially treated for croup. Medical treatment over the course of three months failed, and appropriate imaging subsequently demonstrated an impacted button battery in the upper oesophagus. This was promptly removed. There were no signs of damage on direct visualisation, or on a follow-up contrast swallow image.Conclusion:This case highlights the difficulty of diagnosing oesophageal foreign bodies. We also discuss the characteristics of button batteries which confer a greater risk of impaction, and the associated sequelae and complications.

scholarly journals Causes of premature death and their associated risk factors in the Golestan Cohort Study, Iran

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e021479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Nalini ◽  
Ebele Oranuba ◽  
Hossein Poustchi ◽  
Sadaf G Sepanlou ◽  
Akram Pourshams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesTo examine the causes of premature mortality (<70 years) and associated risk factors in the Golestan Cohort Study.DesignProspective.SettingThe Golestan Cohort Study in northeastern Iran.Participants50 045 people aged 40 or more participated in this population-based study from baseline (2004–2008) to August 2017, with over 99% success follow-up rate.Main outcome measuresThe top causes of premature death, HR and their 95% CI and population attributable fraction (PAF) for risk factors.ResultsAfter 444 168 person-years of follow-up (median of 10 years), 6347 deaths were reported, of which 4018 (63.3%) occurred prematurely. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) accounted for 33.9% of premature death, followed by stroke (14.0%), road injuries (4.7%), stomach cancer (4.6%) and oesophageal cancer (4.6%). Significant risk/protective factors were: wealth score (HR for highest vs lowest quintile: 0.57, PAF for lowest four quintiles vs top quintile: 28%), physical activity (highest vs lowest tertile: 0.67, lowest two tertiles vs top tertile: 22%), hypertension (1.50, 19%), opium use (1.69, 14%), education (middle school or higher vs illiterate: 0.84, illiterate or primary vs middle school or higher: 13%), tobacco use (1.38, 11%), diabetes (2.39, 8%) and vegetable/fruit consumption (highest vs lowest tertile: 0.87, lowest two tertiles vs top tertile: 8%). Collectively, these factors accounted for 76% of PAF in men and 69% in women.ConclusionIHD and stroke are the leading causes of premature mortality in the Golestan Cohort Study. Enhancing socioeconomic status and physical activity, reducing opium and tobacco use, increasing vegetable/fruit consumption and controlling hypertension and diabetes are recommended to reduce premature deaths.

scholarly journals FAKTOR RESIKO DAN KElADIAN LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KABUPATEN PONOROGO (Studi Kasus Di Wilayah Kecamatan Ngrayun Dan Kecamatan Badegan Tahun 2014)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahma Ika Pratiwi ◽  
Siti Surasri ◽  
Koerniasari .
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The State ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
First Time

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with rodents (rat), pigs, cows, goats, sheep, horses, dogs, cats,birds, insectivores (hedgehogs, bats, squirrels) acting as the reservoir that have been infected by theagent of the disease leptospiroses leptospira bacteria. leptospiroses outbreak in Ponorogo namely inNgrayun Sub District in 2011 until 2013 marked the highest the number of cases. In 2013 an incident ofleptospiroses involved 20 patients in Ngrayun sub district and 7 people in the district Badegan subdistrictand in 2013 leptospiroses appeared for the first time in Badegan. The purpose of this study was todetermine the risk factors and the occurrence of leptospirosis cases in Ngrayun and Badegan subdistrictsof Ponorogo in 2014.The type of this research is descriptive with case study design to assessand describe the conditionof the cases and the associated risk factors . The research subjects were leptospiroses patients and theirhomes. Research variables in this study were the physical environment, biological environment, socialenvironment, and behavioral factors.Results of the observations and interviews using Guttman scale factors included the state of thephysical environment, poor water storage, poor use of river/weill, and the distance of the waste collection.Biological environment factors included the presenceof rats, the presence of farm animals or pets. Socialenvironmental factors included the level of education and type of occupation, they were also poor.Behavioral factors which included the habit of bathing, washing hands, use of footwear, treatment ofwounds, were all in poor state.The final conclusion is that the state of the risk factors, that include the physical environment.biological/ social and behavioral factors are in poor state. These call for counseling and testing of ROTtoimprove knowledge and insiqhts and to change people's behavior and to review the leptospirosesprevention program

scholarly journals Progression of vertebral fractures in long-term controlled acromegaly: a 9-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
I C M Pelsma ◽  
N R Biermasz ◽  
A M Pereira ◽  
W R van Furth ◽  
N M Appelman-Dijkstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Spine Radiographs

Objective: Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) excess results in both reversible and irreversible musculoskeletal damage, including increased vertebral fracture (VF) risk. The prevalence of VFs is approximately 60% in controlled acromegaly patients, and these VFs can progress in time. We aimed to identify the course of VFs in a cohort of acromegaly patients in long-term remission and their associated risk factors during prolonged follow-up. Methods: Thirty-one patients with acromegaly (49% female, median age 60 years (IQR 53–66)), who were in remission for ≥2 years, were included in this longitudinal, prospective, follow-up study. Spine radiographs of vertebrae Th4 to L4 were assessed for VFs using the Genant score, at baseline, after 2.6 years and 9.1 years. Progression was defined as either a new fracture or a ≥1-point increase in Genant score. Results: The prevalence of VF at baseline was 87% (27/31 patients). Progression of VFs was observed in eleven patients (35.5%) during the 9.1-year follow-up period, with a total incidence rate of 65.5 per 1000 person years (males 59.8 per 1000 person years vs females 71.6 per 1000 person years). Patients treated with surgery or radiotherapy had a higher risk of VF progression in this cohort (P = 0.030). Conclusions: In this cohort of long-term, well-controlled acromegalic patients, the prevalence and progression of VFs was high, showing that the deleterious effects of GH and IGF-1 excess on bone persist despite achievement of longstanding remission.

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