MLL-AF4 Down-Regulates CDKN1B (P27) Independent of Cell Cycle Progression.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2563-2563
Author(s):  
Zhenbiao Xia ◽  
Relja Popovic ◽  
Tara Lorenz ◽  
Donna Santillan ◽  
Frank Erfurth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Downstream Target

Abstract The MLL gene, involved in many chromosomal translocations associated with acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia, has more than forty known partner genes with which it is able to form in- frame fusions. MLL fusion genes transform hematopoietic cells in vitro, and cause leukemia in mouse models. However, the mechanism is still not clear. Characterizing important downstream target genes may provide rational therapeutic strategies for the treatment of MLL-associated leukemia. We explored potential downstream target genes of the most prevalent MLL fusion protein, MLL-AF4, which is primarily associated with pro-B ALL and is involved in the majority of infant leukemia. To this end, we developed an inducible MLL-AF4 fusion cell line. Overexpression of MLL-AF4 does not lead to increased proliferation in this cell line, but rather, cell growth is slowed compared to similar cell lines inducibly expressing truncated MLL. To try to understand the reason for slower cell growth, we assayed for expression of several CDK inhibitors. We found that in the MLL-AF4 induced cell line, the amount of CDKN1B (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P27) was dramatically decreased both at the RNA and protein levels, in contrast, the levels of CDKN1A (P21) and CDKN2A (P16) were unchanged. Interestingly, we did not observe an increased percentage of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. To explore whether CDKN1B might be a direct target of MLL-AF4, we employed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and luciferase reporter gene assays. We observed that MLL-AF4 binds to the CDKN1B promoter in vivo and represses CDKN1B promoter activity. Further, we confirmed CDKN1B promoter binding by ChIP assays in the MLL-AF4 leukemia cell line MV4-11. Our results suggest that the CDKN1B may be a downstream target of MLL-AF4, and that MLL-AF4 inhibits CDKN1B expression independent of cell cycle progression.

Alteration of cell cycle progression in human leukemia cell line (KOPM-28) induced by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tsuda ◽  
Mamoru Sakaguchi ◽  
Makoto Kawakita ◽  
Shimpei Nakazawa ◽  
Taijiro Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Human Leukemia Cell ◽  
Human Leukemia Cell Line

The Jak2V617F Oncogene Associated with Polycythemia Vera Regulates G1/S-Phase Transition.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3510-3510
Author(s):  
Martin Sattler ◽  
Christoph Walz ◽  
Brian J. Crowley ◽  
Jessica L. Gramlich ◽  
Kendra L. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hel Cells

Abstract The V617F activating point mutation in Jak2 has recently been detected in a high proportion of patients with the myeloproliferative disorders polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and idiopathic myelofibrosis. Using the Jak2V617F-mutant erythroid leukemia cell line HEL as a model, potential mechanisms that contribute to transformation were investigated. Inhibition of Jak2V617F with a small molecule kinase inhibitor reduced cell growth of HEL cells in a dose dependent manner with an IC50 of 300 nM. This inhibition of growth was associated with a G1 cell cycle arrest, with minimal or delayed apoptosis. The major Jak2 target in normal hematopoietic cells, STAT5, was found to be activated by Jak2V617F. Treatment of the cells with either a Jak2 kinase inhibitor, or with a Jak2-targeted siRNA, decreased STAT5 activation, and also resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D2 and increased expression of p27Kip. Of interest, we found that Jak2V617F induced high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an activity associated with several other tyrosine kinase oncogenes. Expression of a constitutively active form of STAT5 by itself was capable reducing expression of p27Kip and increasing production of ROS, suggesting that each of these signaling events are downstream of STAT5. Additionally, treatment of HEL cells with the anti-oxidant N-acetylcystein increased expression of p27Kip, suggesting that Jak2V617F regulates cell cycle progression at least in part through STAT5 activation of ROS, and ROS regulation of p27Kip. Cell growth of HEL cells was found to be blocked by anti-oxidants. Overall, our results suggest that constitutive activation of Jak2 contributes to a transforming phenotype and therefore hints at novel targets for drug development that may aid traditional therapy.

scholarly journals The lncRNA TEX41 is upregulated in pediatric B-Cells Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and it is necessary for leukemic cell growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Maria Orlandella ◽  
Giovanni Smaldone ◽  
Giuliana Salvatore ◽  
Luigi Vitagliano ◽  
Alessandra Cianflone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Leukemic Cell ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Expression Levels

Abstract Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a diverse class of RNAs involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological cellular processes, including transcription, intracellular trafficking, and chromosome remodeling. LncRNAs deregulation was linked to the development and progression of various cancer types, such as acute leukemias. In this context, lncRNAs were also evaluated as a novel class of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Here, we analyzed TEX41 in childhood B cell acute lymphoid leukemia (B-ALL). Methods Total RNA was extracted from pediatric B-ALL patients (at diagnosis and after induction of therapy) and from healthy subjects. Total RNA was also extracted from different leukemia cell line models. The expression level of TEX41 was evaluated by q-RT-PCR. Also, the dataset deposited by St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital was consulted. Furthermore, the silencing of TEX41 in RS4;11 cell line was obtained by 2′-Deoxy, 2′Fluroarabino Nucleic Acids (2′F-ANAs) Oligonucleotides, and the effect on cell proliferation was evaluated. Cell cycle progression and its regulators were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunoblotting. Results We exploited the St Jude Cloud database and found that TEX41 is a lncRNA primarily expressed in the case of B-ALL (n = 79) while its expression levels are low/absent for T-cell ALL (n = 25) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 38). The association of TEX41 with B-ALL was confirmed by real-time PCR assays. TEX41 disclosed increased expression levels in bone marrow from patients with B-ALL at diagnosis, while its expression levels became low or absent when retested in Bone Marrow cells of the same patient after 1 month of induction therapy. Also, silencing experiments performed on RS4;11 cells showed that TEX41 downregulation impaired in vitro leukemic cell growth determining their arrest in the G2-M phase and the deregulation of cell cycle proteins. Conclusions Our findings highlight that TEX41 is an upregulated lncRNA in the case of B-ALL and this feature makes it a novel potential biomarker for the diagnosis of this leukemia subtype in pediatric patients. Finally, TEX41 expression seems to be critical for leukemic proliferation, indeed, silencing experiments targeting TEX41 mRNA in the RS4;11 cell line hampered in vitro cell growth and cell cycle progression, by inducing G2-M arrest as confirmed propidium iodide staining and by the upregulation of p53 and p21 proteins.

Reversal of Methotrexate-Induced Folate Pool Depletion by Thymidine in a Human Leukemia Cell Line in Vitro

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima Sur ◽  
Yoshinobu Matsuo ◽  
Takeshi Otanl ◽  
Jun Minowada
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Folate Level ◽  
Ifn Γ

In an In vitro study using a human monocytic leukemia cell line, U-937, the effects of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in combination with the antifolate methotrexate and the role of thymidine introduced as a biochemical modulator were investigated. Methotrexate alone or in combination with INF-γ was found to enhance the induction of morphologic and functional monocytic differentiation in the U-937 cell line. Various cellular effects with the addition of thymidine to the medium with methotrexate and IFN-γ were studied. Enhanced inhibition of cell growth and perturbation of the cell cycle were noted when methotrexate and IFN-γ were used in combination, but not when methotrexate was used alone. The reduction of cellular folate by methotrexate was also enhanced in combination with IFN-γ. Cell cycle delay, resulting in cell growth inhibition of folate depletion, caused the induction of differentiation in U-937 cells, which was found to be greater with methotrexate + IFN-γ than with methotrexate alone. Cellular differentiation, as assessed by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay, indirect immunofluorescence and morphology, showed better effects towards the differentiation of U-937 cells when the agents were used in combination. However, addition of thymidine to the medium was found to cancel all the aforementioned effects. The addition of thymidine to the medium also caused reversal of the inhibitory effect of methotrexate and IFN-γ on cell growth and repletion of the endogenous folate level. Repletion of the folate level by exogenous thymidine is a new possibility for the role of the thymidine in cellular growth.

PD0332991, a CDK4/6 Inhibitor, Has An Anti-Leukemic Activity Against Lymphoid Crisis of CML and Ph+ALL Even with T315I Mutation in BCR-Abl; in Vitro Analysis

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 1511-1511
Author(s):  
Atsushi Nemoto ◽  
Takeshi Inukai ◽  
Koshi Akahane ◽  
Hiroko Honna- Oshiro ◽  
Kumiko Goi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Leukemia Cell Lines ◽  
T315i Mutation

Abstract Abstract 1511 Since BCR-ABL plays a central role in cell cycle progression of Philadelphia-chromosome positive (Ph+) leukemia cells and CDK4/6 critically involves in G1-progression of cell cycle, we analyzed sensitivity of Ph+ leukemia cell lines to compounds that act as specific CDK4/6 inhibitors. H3-thymidine uptake assay showed that both PD183812 and CBC219476 significantly inhibited cell growth of Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines (n=9) in comparison with Ph+ myeloid leukemia cell lines (n=7) and Ph- ALL cell lines (n=26). Thus, we next tested the anti-leukemic activity of PD0332991, a potent CDK4/6 inhibitor that is under phase II clinical study for solid tumor patients, and found that 8 of 9 Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines showed extremely higher sensitivity to PD0332991; median IC50 was <25 nM. IC50 of Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines was significantly lower than that of Ph+ myeloid cell lines (200 nM, n=7) and Ph-ALL cell lines (100nM, n=25). PD0332991 effectively dephosphorylated Rb protein (pRb), and subsequently induced G1 arrest on all of Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines. Moreover, PD0332991 gradually induced cell death in 4 Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines. Since CDK4/6 inhibitor acts depending on intact pRb, we analyzed protein and gene expression status of Rb. Of note, all Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines expressed intact pRb except for one cell line that showed relative resistance to PD0332991. In contrast, pRb was almost undetectable in Ph+ myeloid cell lines in spite of comparable level of Rb gene expression, which might be mechanism for resistance to PD0332991. However, most of Ph- ALL cell lines had intact pRb expression in spite of their relative resistance to PD0332991, indicating that Rb status alone did not explain higher PD0332991-sensitivity of Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines. Thus, we assumed that Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cells showed higher PD0332991-sensitivity probably because BCR-ABL regulates CDK4/6 expression for cell cycle progression. To clarify this assumption, we treated Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines with imatinib and performed immunoblot analysis of cell cycle machineries such as CDKs, cyclines, and CDK inhibitors. Of note, CDK4 expression level was frequently downregulated by imatinib in Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines. Moreover, imatinib-induced downregulation of CDK4 in Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell line was abrogated by the addition of IL-7 and FLT3 ligand, which stimulated cell cycle progression of imatinib-treated Ph+ ALL cell line. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, but not U0126, a MAPK inhibitor, and AG490, an inhibitor for JAK/STAT pathway, efficiently downregulated CDK4 expression in Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines. Gene expression level of CDK4 in Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines was downregulated by imatinib, and lactastatin, an inhibitor of protein degradation, partially inhibited imatinib-induced downregulation of CDK4 protein in Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines, indicating that BCR-ABL regulates CDK4 expression both in gene expression level and in protein degradation level. These findings indicated that Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell lines showed higher sensitivity to PD0332991 since BCR-ABL induces cell cycle progression of Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cells by regulating CDK4 as one of downstream pathways. Accordingly, we tested if PD0332991 shows anti-leukemic activity in Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cells that have a T315I mutation of BCR-ABL. SU/SR is an imatinib-resistant Ph+ ALL cell line with T315I mutation (IC50 for imatinib >10 mM), which was established from SU-Ph2, an imatinib-sensitive Ph+ ALL cell line (IC50 for imatinib <0.1 mM), after long-term culture in the presence of gradually increasing concentration of imatinib. Of note, PD0332991 effectively dephosphorylated pRb and inhibited cell growth of both SU/SR and SU-Ph2. Our findings provide a rationale for efficacy of PD0332991 in the context of anti-leukemic therapy for lymphoid crisis of CML and Ph+ ALL patients even with T315I mutation in BCR-ABL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Overview of Mechanisms of Action of Lycopene

2002 ◽  
Vol 227 (10) ◽  
pp. 920-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Heber ◽  
Qing-Yi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Junctional Communication

Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related to the risk of lung and prostate cancers. Lycopene functions as a very potent antioxidant, and this is clearly a major important mechanism of lycopene action. In this regard, lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis in the Ames test. However, evidence is accumulating for other mechanisms as well. Lycopene at physiological concentrations can inhibit human cancer cell growth by interfering with growth factor receptor signaling and cell cycle progression specifically in prostate cancer cells without evidence of toxic effects or apoptosis of cells. Studies using human and animal cells have identified a gene, connexin 43, whose expression is upregulated by lycopene and which allows direct intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC). GJC is deficient in many human tumors and its restoration or upregulation is associated with decreased proliferation. The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibits a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression in the HL-60 promyelocyte leukemia cell line, suggesting some interaction at a nuclear or subcellular level. The combination of lycopene and lutein synergistically interact as antioxidants, and this may relate to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes. This review will focus on the growing body of evidence that carotenoids have unexpected biologic effects in experimental systems, some of which may contribute to their cancer preventive properties in models of carcinogenesis. Consideration of solubility In vitro, comparison with doses achieved in humans by dietary means, interactions with other phytochemicals, and other potential mechanisms such as stimulation of xenoblotic metabolism, inhibition of cholesterogenesis, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and inhibition of inflammation will be considered. This review will point out areas for future research where more evidence is needed on the effects of lycopene on the etiology of chronic disease.

scholarly journals EGFR-ERK induced activation of GRHL1 promotes cell cycle progression by up-regulating cell cycle related genes in lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming He ◽  
Mingxi Gan ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Tong Huang ◽  
Jianbin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Cycle Progression

AbstractGrainyhead-like 1 (GRHL1) is a transcription factor involved in embryonic development. However, little is known about the biological functions of GRHL1 in cancer. In this study, we found that GRHL1 was upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and correlated with poor survival of patients. GRHL1 overexpression promoted the proliferation of NSCLC cells and knocking down GRHL1 inhibited the proliferation. RNA sequencing showed that a series of cell cycle-related genes were altered when knocking down GRHL1. We further demonstrated that GRHL1 could regulate the expression of cell cycle-related genes by binding to the promoter regions and increasing the transcription of the target genes. Besides, we also found that EGF stimulation could activate GRHL1 and promoted its nuclear translocation. We identified the key phosphorylation site at Ser76 on GRHL1 that is regulated by the EGFR-ERK axis. Taken together, these findings elucidate a new function of GRHL1 on regulating the cell cycle progression and point out the potential role of GRHL1 as a drug target in NSCLC.

scholarly journals Oncogenic role of ALX3 in cervical cancer cells through KDM2B-mediated histone demethylation of CDC25A

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhong Qi ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Dongqing Li ◽  
Jingyuan Yang ◽  
He Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Positive Regulator ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells

Abstract Background Cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) is a well-recognized regulator of cell cycle progression and is involved in cancer development. This work focused on the function of CDC25A in cervical cancer cell growth and the molecules involved. Methods A GEO dataset GSE63514 comprising data of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) tissues was used to screen the aberrantly expressed genes in cervical cancer. The CDC25A expression in cancer and normal tissues was predicted in the GEPIA database and that in CSCC and normal cells was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. Downregulation of CDC25A was introduced in CSCC cells to explore its function in cell growth and the cell cycle progression. The potential regulators of CDC25A activity and the possible involved signaling were explored. Results CDC25A was predicted to be overexpressed in CSCC, and high expression of CDC25A was observed in CSCC cells. Downregulation of CDC25A in ME180 and C33A cells reduced cell proliferation and blocked cell cycle progression, and it increased cell apoptosis. ALX3 was a positive regulator of CDC25A through transcription promotion. It recruited a histone demethylase, lysine demethylase 2B (KDM2B), to the CDC25A promoter, which enhanced CDC25A expression through demethylation of H3k4me3. Overexpression of ALX3 in cells blocked the inhibitory effects of CDC25A silencing. CDC25A was found as a positive regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion This study suggested that the ALX3 increased CDC25A expression through KDM2B-mediated demethylation of H3K4me3, which induced proliferation and cell cycle progression of cervical cancer cells.

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