scholarly journals Studies on the Mechanical Fragility of Erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD B. GOLDBLOOM ◽  
ENID FISCHER ◽  
JOHN REINHOLD ◽  
DAVID YI-YUNG HSIA
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract 1. The mechanical fragilities of incubated and nonincubated erythrocytes of normal newborn infants, children and adults have been determined through the use of a simplified rotator. 2. The mean mechanical fragility of nonincubated erythrocytes was 7.1 per cent for newborns, 4.0 per cent for children and adults; the mean mechanical fragility of incubated erythrocytes was 13.4 per cent for newborns, 10.5 per cent for children and 10.8 per cent for adults. 3. The possible relationship of increased mechanical fragility of erythrocytes in the newborn to increased hemolysis in the neonatal period is suggested. 4. Possible causes of variation in the determination of mechanical fragility of incubated erythrocytes are discussed.

ACTIVITY OF GLUTAMIC-OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE IN THE SERUM IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-589
Author(s):  
Simon Kove ◽  
Stanley Goldstein ◽  
Felix Wróblewski
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Normal Term ◽  
Pathologic State ◽  
Normal Adults

The activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in the serum was determined by the spectrophotometric method in 63 normal term newborn infants, varying from birth to 11 days of age. The normal range of activity in the newborn period varied from 13 to 105 units (with the exception of one infant in whom the level was 160 units). This is a considerably wider range than that of 5 to 45 units found in normal adults. Allowing for an error of about ±10% inherent in the method of determination of GOT, activity as great as approximately 120 units, which in adults would be indicative of some pathologic state, must be considered physiologic in the newborn infant. The activity of GOT was not related to the age of the infant within the neonatal period studied, and varied widely in different infants for each day of age, without any distinctive pattern. Variations of the activity of GOT in specimens of cord blood studied ranged below 59 units, which was lower than for any other day of the neonatal period adequately investigated. No infants were studied repeatedly. No relation was found between the concentration of bilirubin and the activity of GOT in the serum.

NEONATAL NEUTROPENIA AND LEUKOAGGLUTININS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Rose Payne
Keyword(s):  
Close Agreement ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transplacental Passage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neonatal Neutropenia ◽  
Differential Counts

Support for the existence of an immunoneutropenia of the neonatal period was not obtained. The leukocyte counts of 39 full-weight newborn infants who stimulated their mothers to form leukoagglutinins were compared with the counts of 76 newborns who failed to stimulate formation of these agglutinins. A significant difference between the mean total leukocyte or differential counts for the two groups was not observed. The leukocyte counts of both groups throughout the first four days of life were in close agreement with the accepted values for this period. The platelet counts for 10 full-weight newborn infants who stimulated white cell agglutinin formation did not differ over the first four days of life from a control group of 37 newborns. Transplacental passage of the leukocyte agglutinins was demonstrated in 15 of 49 newborns examined. Persistence of antibody in the serum of the newborn was variable It was concluded that in this series transplacental passage of leukocyte agglutinins from sensitized mothers to newborns with antigen did not induce significant leukopenia or neutropenia.

Determination of Anterior Displacement of the Anus in Newborn Infants and Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
Salomon H. Reisner ◽  
Yaakov Sivan ◽  
Menachem Nitzan ◽  
Paul Merlob
Keyword(s):  
Simple Technique ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Anterior Displacement ◽  
Position Index ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Made In

Anterior displacement of the anus is a common cause of constipation in infancy and early childhood. However, normal values are not available for defining anal displacement. Using a simple technique, an anal position index of less than 0.34 in girls and less than 0.46 in boys was indicative of anterior displacement. The diagnosis can be made in the neonatal period.

STEM and ELS Observation of Early Oxide Formation on the Surface of Cr Thin Films

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
Fumio Watari ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxide Formation ◽  
Initial Nucleation ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Multiple Twinning ◽  
Moderately High Temperature

STEM coupled with the optical system was used for the investigation of the early oxidation on the surface of Cr. Cr thin films (30 – 1000Å) were prepared by evaporation onto the polished or air-cleaved NaCl substrates at room temperature and 45°C in a vacuum of 10−6 Torr with an evaporation speed 0.3Å/sec. Rather thick specimens (200 – 1000Å) with various preferred orientations were used for the investigation of the oxidation at moderately high temperature (600 − 1100°C). Selected area diffraction patterns in these specimens are usually very much complicated by the existence of the different kinds of oxides and their multiple twinning. The determination of the epitaxial orientation relationship of the oxides formed on the Cr surface was made possible by intensive use of the optical system and microdiffraction techniques. Prior to the formation of the known rhombohedral Cr2O3, a thin spinel oxide, probably analogous to γ -Al203 or γ -Fe203, was formed. Fig. 1a shows the distinct epitaxial growth of the spinel (001) as well as the rhombohedral (125) on the well-oriented Cr(001) surface. In the case of the Cr specimen with the (001) preferred orientation (Fig. 1b), the rings explainable by spinel structure appeared as well as the well defined epitaxial spots of the spinel (001). The microdif fraction from 20A areas (Fig. 2a) clearly shows the same pattern as Fig. Ia with the weaker oxide spots among the more intense Cr spots, indicating that the thickness of the oxide is much less than that of Cr. The rhombohedral Cr2O3 was nucleated preferably at the Cr(011) sites provided by the polycrystalline nature of the present specimens with the relation Cr2O3 (001)//Cr(011), and by further oxidation it grew into full coverage of the rest of the Cr surface with the orientation determined by the initial nucleation.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

SERUM TRIIODOTHYRONINE DETERMINATION BY SATURATION ANALYSIS

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Burger ◽  
B. Miller ◽  
C. Sakoloff ◽  
M. B. Vallotton
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurement ◽  
Tracer Amount ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
Solvent Blank

ABSTRACT An improved method for the determination of serum triiodothyronine (T3) has been developed. After addition of a tracer amount of the hormone, T3 was extracted from 1 ml serum under conditions of pH and ionic strength which favoured T3 extraction (89%) over thyroxine (T4) extraction (58%). Chromatography of the extracted material on Sephadex LH-20 separated T3 completely from residual T4. The T3 eluate was dried, then re-dissolved in 0.5 ml NaOH 0.04 n. To 0.2 ml duplicate aliquots, a standard amount of TBG was added for the competitive protein analysis. After one hour incubation at 4°C, separation of bound from free T3 was achieved on small Sephadex G-25 columns. Overall recovery was 67 ± 10.8% and correction for the loss was made. The solvent blank was 37 ± 27 (sd) ng/100 ml. Accuracy of measurement of known quantities of T3 added to serum was 98.4%. The coefficient of variation within the assay was 6.2% and between the assays it was 11.4%. The limit of detection (0.1 ng) corresponded to a concentration of 25 ng/100 ml. T4 added to serum did not interfere with T3 determination until high non-physiological values were reached. The mean ± sd serum T3 in 54 euthyroid subjects was 153 ± 58 ng/100 ml and in 24 hyperthyroid patients it was 428 ±186 ng/100 ml; 4 out of the 24 hyperthyroid values were within 2 sd of the mean euthyroid group. All the values found in the euthyroid group were well above the limit of detection of the method.

Calculating the aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Velocity Triangle ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Vertical axis wind turbine technology has been applied last years, very long after horizontal axis wind turbine technology. Aerodynamic problems of vertical axis wind machines are discussible. An important problem is the determination of the incidence law in the interaction between wind and rotor blades. The focus of the work is to establish equations of the incidence depending on the blade azimuth, and to solve them. From these results, aerodynamic torques and power can be calculated. The incidence angle is a parameter of velocity triangle, and both the factors depend not only on the blade azimuth but also on the ratio of rotational speed and horizontal speed. The built computational program allows theoretically selecting the relationship of geometric parameters of wind turbine in accordance with requirements on power, wind speed and installation conditions.

Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Systematic Determination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

Determination of the Probability Distribution of the Mean Sound Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Batko ◽  
Bartosz Przysucha
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Logarithmic Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainty

AbstractAssessment of several noise indicators are determined by the logarithmic mean <img src="/fulltext-image.asp?format=htmlnonpaginated&src=P42524002G141TV8_html\05_paper.gif" alt=""/>, from the sum of independent random resultsL1;L2; : : : ;Lnof the sound level, being under testing. The estimation of uncertainty of such averaging requires knowledge of probability distribution of the function form of their calculations. The developed solution, leading to the recurrent determination of the probability distribution function for the estimation of the mean value of noise levels and its variance, is shown in this paper.

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