scholarly journals Air quality index variation before and after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive study on 87 capital, industrial and polluted cities of the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sarmadi ◽  
Sajjad Rahimi ◽  
Mina Rezaei ◽  
Daryoush Sanaei ◽  
Mostafa Dianatinasab
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provided an opportunity for the environment to reduce ambient pollution despite the economic, social and health disruption to the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the air quality indexes (AQI) in industrial, densely populated and capital cities in different countries of the world before and after 2020. In this ecological study, we used AQI obtained from the free available databases such as the World Air Quality Index (WAQI). Bivariate correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between meteorological and AQI variables. Mean differences (standard deviation: SD) of AQI parameters of different years were tested using paired-sample t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test as appropriate. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to recognize meteorological variables affecting the AQI parameters. Results AQI-PM2.5, AQI-PM10 and AQI-NO2 changes were significantly higher before and after 2020, simultaneously with COVID-19 restrictions in different cities of the world. The overall changes of AQI-PM2.5, AQI-PM10 and AQI-NO2 in 2020 were – 7.36%, – 17.52% and – 20.54% compared to 2019. On the other hand, these results became reversed in 2021 (+ 4.25%, + 9.08% and + 7.48%). In general, the temperature and relative humidity were inversely correlated with AQI-PM2.5, AQI-PM10 and AQI-NO2. Also, after adjusting for other meteorological factors, the relative humidity was inversely associated with AQI-PM2.5, AQI-PM10 and AQI-NO2 (β = − 1.55, β = − 0.88 and β = − 0.10, P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions The results indicated that air quality generally improved for all pollutants except carbon monoxide and ozone in 2020; however, changes in 2021 have been reversed, which may be due to the reduction of some countries’ restrictions. Although this quality improvement was temporary, it is an important result for planning to control environmental pollutants.

scholarly journals Outdoor Temperature as an Independent Risk Factor for Acute Pharyngitis Incidence: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110576
Author(s):  
Peng-cheng Yu ◽  
An-rong Sun ◽  
Chao Xue ◽  
Rui Fang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Hospital Visits

Objective: Acute pharyngitis is common worldwide. Meteorological changes contribute to respiratory infections. This study aims to explore the correlation between acute pharyngitis and meteorological parameters. Methods: We collected the monthly acute pharyngitis cases in our hospital and the meteorological data, including temperature, relative humidity, and air quality index (AQI) of Shanghai, China, from January, 2015, to December, 2017. Pearson correlation and multivariable regression analysis were used to explore the association between meteorological parameters and the monthly hospital visits. Results: A total of 8287 patients were included in this study, and the monthly number of hospital visits was 230.2 ± 39.0. The best air quality index was 46.4 and the worst was 113.2. Temperature ranged from 5.2°C to 32.0°C, and relative humidity ranged from 59.4% to 83.1%. The monthly hospital visits of acute pharyngitis were negatively correlated with temperature (r = −.558, 95% CI −.746, −.274) and relative humidity (r = −.480, 95% CI −.695, −.137). A decrease of 1°C could cause an increase in hospital visits by 1.9. No significant correlation was found were found between acute pharyngitis cases and AQI (P = .051, 95% CI −.005, .590). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed the temperature was the independent risk factor of acute pharyngitis (coefficient = −1.906, P = .022). Conclusion: Low temperature might cause an increased incidence of acute pharyngitis.

scholarly journals Analisis Framing Detik.com dan Kompas.com Terhadap Pemberitaan Kualitas Udara Jakarta Terburuk di Dunia

Koneksi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Nishya Gavrila ◽  
Farid Rusdi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Treatment Recommendation ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

On July 29, 2019, Jakarta's air quality was ranked first on the AirVisual.com website with the worst air quality statement in the world. According to AirVisual.com, Jakarta's Air Quality Index (AQI) stands at 188, which means the air quality in Jakarta is not healthy. On the same date, Detik.com and Kompas.com reported on the poor quality of Jakarta's air. The reason the author chose the latter is because based on the Alexa.com site, both news portals have the highest number of visitor readers in Indonesia. This study aims to determine and analyze Detik.com and Kompas.com in framing unhealthy air quality in Jakarta. The approach in this study uses a constructivist paradigm. by using Robert N. Entman's framing model that defines problems, diagnoses causes, makes moral judgment and recommendation treatment. From the results of this study, Detik.com further explained the response of Anies Baswedan regarding poor air quality in Jakarta, while on Kompas.com that poor air quality in Jakarta was a challenge for the government and the government could be convicted if it continued. Pada tanggal 29 Juli 2019, kualitas udara Jakarta menempati peringkat pertama di situs AirVisual.com dengan pernyataan kualitas udara terburuk di dunia. Menurut AirVisual.com, Air Quality Index (AQI) Jakarta berada pada angka angka 188, yang artinya kualitas udara di Jakarta tidak sehat. Pada tanggal yang sama Detik.com dan Kompas.com memberitakan tentang buruknya kualitas udara Jakarta. Alasan penulis memilih kedua tersebut karena berdasarkan situs Alexa.com, kedua portal berita tersebut memiliki jumlah pengunjung pembaca terbanyak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis Detik.com dan Kompas.com dalam membingkai kualitas udara di Jakarta yang tidak sehat.Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini memakai paradigma konstruktivis, dengan menggunakan framing model Robert N. Entman yakni define problems, diagnose cause, make moral judgement dan treatment recommendation. Dari hasil penelitian ini, Detik.com lebih menjelaskan tanggapan dari Anies Baswedan terkait buruknya kualitas udara Jakarta, sementara pada Kompas.com bahwa buruknya kualitas udara di Jakarta merupakan tantangan pemerintah dan pemerintah bisa dipidana jika terus dibiarkan.

scholarly journals Impact of Air Pollution on Respiratory Health in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6391-6394
Author(s):  
Ganapathy Sankar U ◽  
Monisha R
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
The World

Air pollution is regarded as a significant global public health risk factor in cities around the world. It is considered as one of the highest-ranking environmental health challenges in the world, particularly in developing countries like India. Air pollution is a significant risk factor for the development of various lung disorders. World Health Organization (WHO) defined air pollution as the impurity in the environment in and around by the physical, chemical, or biological agent, which has changed the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. The environmental factors related to air pollution induces the risk of allergic asthmatic reaction and emergency intervention. According to the respiratory health investigation people who are exposed to vehicular pollution for a longer duration, are in a risk to develop asthma. The air pollutants rates were measured by using the application real-time air quality index in which the air quality rate is evaluated. We piloted ten children with DCD of age about 5 - 10 years were analysed with wrights’ peak flow meter. Results of the study predicted that there is a decrease in peak expiratory flow rate with the predicted value (.000) and increase in the shortness of breath questionnaire with the predicted value (.077) on comparing over air quality index. This study concludes that there is an impact of air pollution among children with DCD.

scholarly journals The Building a Brand and Participation in Decreased Tackling Haze effects and Particulate matter Less Than 2.5 Micron (PM2.5) A Case Study: A Group of Students of Yupparaj Wittayalai School, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Suwattanarwong Phanphet ◽  
Sermkiat Jomjunyong ◽  
Ratanaree Suttipong ◽  
Saowaluk Reungsri ◽  
Athiwat Wangmai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Stem Education ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
The World ◽  
Chiang Mai Province ◽  
The Impact

The haze problem and particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) in Northern Thailand caused by climate change is directly impacted and indirectly impacted people. In the area is affected by the haze problem and particulate matter (PM2.5) the climate change is health effects of population, As reported by “Air Quality and Pollution City Ranking” on 12 March 2019 The world air-quality index in Chiang Mai province, as the ‘Rose of the North’ hit top of the scale as the worst polluted city in the world. The air quality index (AQI) hitting a staggering 271 with a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers ranges from 170 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³) exceeding the safety standard of 50 µg/m³ or lower. The pollution is nasty in Chiang Mai, North Thailand, therefore it is necessary to create understanding and awareness of the haze problem and particulate matter in Chiang Mai province. This research is conducted by focusing on Mathayomsuksa 1 students include 40 people who are a group of students of Yupparaj Wittayalai School, Chiang Mai province, Thailand by exploring the understanding Organize activities to create awareness and participation in reducing the impact of the haze problem and particulate matter through the system “STEM EDUCATION”. The results of the activity evaluation made it known that students know the effects of haze problem and particulate matter with an average of 4.46 standard deviations equal to 0.59. As for the awareness and participation in reducing the impact of the haze problem and particulate matter through the STEM EDUCATION system, the average value is 3.5, the standard deviation is 0.72. In the overall picture, the mean is 4.18. The standard is 0.65. The level of satisfaction towards training on raising awareness of the haze problem and particulate matter is at a high level. Referring to my previous information, the researcher will develop tools and applications to create awareness and participation in reducing the impact of the haze problem and participate in matter for students in other schools.

scholarly journals Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Fareed ◽  
Muhammad Farhan Bashir ◽  
Bilal ◽  
Sultan Salem
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Wavelet Coherence ◽  
Average Daily Temperature ◽  
Time Frequency

This research aims to look at the link between environmental pollutants and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in California. To illustrate the COVID-19 outbreak, weather, and environmental pollution, we used daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients, average daily temperature, and air quality Index, respectively. To evaluate the data from March 1 to May 24, 2020, we used continuous wavelet transform and then applied partial wavelet coherence (PWC), wavelet transform coherence (WTC), and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC). Empirical estimates disclose a significant association between these series at different time-frequency spaces. The COVID-19 outbreak in California and average daily temperature show a negative (out phase) coherence. Similarly, the air quality index and COVID-19 also show a negative association circle during the second week of the observed period. Our findings will serve as policy implications for state and health officials and regulators to combat the COVID-19 outbreak.

The modified layer-by-layer weakening solar radiation models based on relative humidity and air quality index

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122488
Author(s):  
Gang Su ◽  
Shuangyang Zhang ◽  
Mengru Hu ◽  
Wanxiang Yao ◽  
Ziwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Modified Layer

scholarly journals The Relationship between Air Quality and Cases of Myocardial Infarction in Yazd in 2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Askarishahi ◽  
Mehdi Mokhtari ◽  
Hasan Ashrafzadeh ◽  
Mehrzad Ebrahemzadih
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
The World ◽  
Daily Concentration ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Air pollution is now one of the greatest environmental hazards to human health in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between air quality and cases of myocardial infarction in Yazd. Methods: This Ecological study was performed in Yazd, Iran. In this study, all the cases with myocardial infarction in Yazd who referred to emergency rooms from March 20, 2016 to March 20, 2017 entered the study. Information on the daily concentration of air pollutants included five pollutants SO2, CO, O3, NO2 and PM10 and was validated according to the World Health Criteria. In the next step the raw data from air pollutants related to each station using equation and table standard was converted to separate AQI values for each pollutant and the pollutant having the highest index was introduced as the pollutant responsible for the day. Excel 2007 and R (3.4.3) software were used to analyze the data. The significant level was considered to be less than 0.05. Results: According to measurements of air pollutants, out of 349 days, the air quality index (AQI <100) was standard in 245 days and in 104 days of the year was above the standard (AQI> 100).PM10 and CO emissions were for air pollutants in 86 days out of 104 days. Conclusion:  Given that in 104 days of the year, air quality has exceeded the standard, the children and elderly people should take caution in those days.   Keywords: Air Pollutants, Myocardial Infarction, Air Quality Index (AQI), Yazd

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