Prediction of pathogenicity genes involved in adaptation to a lupin host in the fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum via comparative genomics

Blossom blight of seed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), caused by the fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a potentially devastating disease on the Canadian Prairies in moist growing seasons. Monitoring the airborne spore concentrations of these pathogens could facilitate disease forecasting in the region. Nineteen seed alfalfa fields in southern Alberta, Canada were assessed throughout the growing seasons of 2014 and 2015. Trace levels of blossom blight symptoms were found in both years; however, plated floret and pod samples indicated that, overall, B. cinerea increased over the growing season whereas S. sclerotiorum decreased. In both seasons, Burkard 7-day volumetric spore samplers collected daily aerosol samples, and weather stations recorded environmental variables in three fields. Conidia and ascospores collected were quantified each day with a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Spore quantification indicated that both B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum numbers remained low in July and increased in August. Both species had multiple days with high spore discharge, with seasonal maxima of 21,137 conidia and 2,265 ascospores. Exploratory model development indicated that spore discharge of both fungi is associated with environmental stressors such as large changes in relative humidity or high temperatures on preceding days.

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Persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and its dependence on the biochemical composition

Kartofel` i ovoshi ◽

10.25630/pav.2020.48.63.001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 16-19

Author(s):

Е.В. Янченко

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

White Rot ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Modern Varieties

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.

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Effect of organic solvent on fungicide toxicity to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-016-0889-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 146 (1) ◽

pp. 37-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hong-Jie Liang ◽

Xiao-Ming Lu ◽

Zu-Qing Zhu ◽

Fu-Xing Zhu

Keyword(s):

Organic Solvent ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

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Comparative Proteomics Reveals the Potential Targets of BcNoxR, a Putative Regulatory Subunit of NADPH Oxidase of Botrytis cinerea

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-11-16-0227-r ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 990-1003 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hua Li ◽

Zhanquan Zhang ◽

Chang He ◽

Guozheng Qin ◽

Shiping Tian

Keyword(s):

Nadph Oxidase ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽

Regulatory Subunit ◽

Wild Type

The NADPH oxidase (NOX) complex has been shown to play a crucial role in stress response and in the virulence of various fungal pathogens. The underlying molecular mechanisms of NOX, however, remain largely unknown. In the present study, a comparative proteomic analysis compared changes in protein abundance in wild-type Botrytis cinerea and ΔbcnoxR mutants in which the regulatory subunit of NOX was deleted. The ΔbcnoxR mutants exhibited reduced growth, sporulation, and impaired virulence. A total of 60 proteins, representing 49 individual genes, were identified in ΔbcnoxR mutants that exhibited significant differences in abundance relative to wild-type. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the differences in transcript levels for 36 of the genes encoding the identified proteins were in agreement with the proteomic analysis, while the remainder exhibited reverse levels. Functional analysis of four proteins that decreased abundance in the ΔbcnoxR mutants indicated that 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (BcPGD) played a role in the growth and sporulation of B. cinerea. The Δbcpgd mutants also displayed impaired virulence on various hosts, such as apple, strawberry, and tomato fruit. These results suggest that NOX can influence the expression of BcPGD, which has an impact on growth, sporulation, and virulence of B. cinerea.

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Comparative genomics of the fungal pathogens Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans

Genome Research ◽

10.1101/gr.097501.109 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 2231-2244 ◽

Cited By ~ 151

Author(s):

A. P. Jackson ◽

J. A. Gamble ◽

T. Yeomans ◽

G. P. Moran ◽

D. Saunders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Comparative Genomics ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Candida Dubliniensis

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Micromycetes on Pisum sativum var. arvense

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1997.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Joanna Marcinkowska

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Agar Medium ◽

Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽

Stemphylium Botryosum ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Fusarium Poae ◽

The Common

Seeds of 11 Austrian winter pea genotypes, harvested at Radzików (CEP) in 1993 and 1994, were evaluated for fungi occurrence on Coon's agar medium in Petri plates. Number of species isolated depended on the genotype and year of collection. Alternaria alternata, Stemphylium botryosum were found on all the tested samples and Phoma pinodella and Fusarium poae were also common while Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Mycosphaerella pinodes appeared to be common only in 1993. Three species occurred only once. The mycoflora was richer in 1993. The common seed inhabitants usually transmitted higher percentage of fungi than species occuring more seldom.

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Molecular Characterization and Geographic Distribution of a Mymonavirus in the Population of Botrytis cinerea

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v10080432 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 432 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Fangmin Hao ◽

Mingde Wu ◽

Guoqing Li

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Cdna Sequence ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽

Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽

Rdrp Domain ◽

The Family ◽

Reading Frames

Here, we characterized a negative single-stranded (−ss)RNA mycovirus, Botrytis cinerea mymonavirus 1 (BcMyV1), isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The genome of BcMyV1 is 7863 nt in length, possessing three open reading frames (ORF1–3). The ORF1 encodes a large polypeptide containing a conserved mononegaviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain showing homology to the protein L of mymonaviruses, whereas the possible functions of the remaining two ORFs are still unknown. The internal cDNA sequence (10-7829) of BcMyV1 was 97.9% identical to the full-length cDNA sequence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative stranded RNA virus 7 (SsNSRV7), a virus-like contig obtained from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum metatranscriptomes, indicating BcMyV1 should be a strain of SsNSRV7. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp domains showed that BcMyV1 was clustered with the viruses in the family Mymonaviridae, suggesting it is a member of Mymonaviridae. BcMyV1 may be widely distributed in regions where B. cinerea occurs in China and even over the world, although it infected only 0.8% of tested B. cinerea strains.

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INFLUENCE OF BIOPREPARATES ON MICROBIOLOGICAL DEPRIVATION AND CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF THE BEETROOT

Известия вузов. Пищевая технология ◽

10.26297/0579-3009.2018.4.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Г.А. КУПИН ◽

Т.В. ПЕРШАКОВА ◽

П.И. КУДИНОВ ◽

Л.В. МИХАЙЛЮТА ◽

М.В. БАБАКИНА

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Crop Production ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Biological Product ◽

Beet Root ◽

Biological Preparation ◽

Control Samples

Проведены исследования по определению эффективности ингибирующего действия биопрепаратов Экстрасол, Бактофит и Алирин на фитопатогены Sclerotinia sclerotiorum и Botrytis cinerea, вызывающие белую и серую гниль корнеплодов свеклы столовой в процессе хранения. Установлено, что биопрепарат Бактофит имеет наибольшую активность в отношении исследованных фитопатогенных микроорганизмов. Потенциал биопрепарата для контроля порчи свеклы столовой оценивали в опытах in vitro. Ингибирующую способность биопрепарата Бактофит по отношению к Sclerotinia sclerotiorum и Botrytis cinerea исследовали в срезах корнеплодов свеклы при температуре 25°С в течение 7 и 14 сут и при 2°С в течение 7, 14, 28 и 35 сут. Установлено, что после хранения образцов корнеплодов свеклы при температуре 25°C в течение 7 и 14 сут средний диаметр зоны поражения Sclerotinia sclerotiorum в контрольных образцах без внесения Бактофита составил 4,5 и 7,5 мм соответственно; в опытных образцах, зараженных фитопатогенном, но обработанных биопрепаратом, – 2,2 и 4,5 мм соответственно. При температуре хранения 2°C образцов корнеплодов свеклы в течение 7 сут средний диаметр зоны поражения Botrytis cinerea в контрольных образцах составил 1,8 мм, в образцах с внесением биопрепарата признаков развития заболевания не наблюдалось. После хранения образцов корнеплодов свеклы при температуре 2°C через 14, 28 и 35 сут средний диаметр зоны поражения Botrytis cinerea в образцах, не обработанных Бактофитом, составил 3,0; 5,1 и 7,4 мм соответственно; в образцах, прошедших обработку биопрепаратом, – 0,8; 2,0 и 2,5 мм соответственно. Доказана целесообразность применения биопрепарата Бактофит для контроля развития микробиальной порчи свеклы в процессе хранения. Обработка корнеплодов свеклы биопрепаратом Бактофит в сочетании с надлежащими технологиями хранения может снизить количественные и качественные потери продукции растениеводства за счет предотвращения микробиологической порчи. Some investigation were done to define effectiveness of biological preparation Extrasol, Bactofit and Alirin action on phytopathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Bothrytis cinerea, which cause diseases (white and gray rot) of beetroot during storage. It was stated that biological preparation Bactofit is most active and effective against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Potential of the biopreparation to control beethroot diseases was estimated in in vitro experiments. Antogonistic activity of biological preparations Bactofit against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Bothrytis cinerea was investigated in beetroot cut under 25°C during 7 and 14 days and 7, 14, 28 and 35 days under 2°C. It was found that after storage of samples of beet roots at 25°C for 7 and 14 days the mean diameter of the affected area of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the control samples without making Bactofit was 4,5 and 7,5 mm, respectively; in the experimental samples infected with pathogenic, but are processed by the biological product, and 2,2 and 4,5 mm, respectively. At a storage temperature of 2°C beet root samples for 7 days, the average diameter of the Botrytis cinerea lesion zone in the control samples was 1,8 mm, in the samples with the introduction of a biopreparation no signs of the disease were observed. After storage of samples of beet root crops at a temperature of 2°C through 14, 28 and 35 days, the average diameter of the lesion zone Botrytis cinerea in samples not treated with Bactophyt was 3,0; 5,1 and 7,4 mm, respectively; in samples treated with a biological product – 0,8; 2,0 and 2,5 mm, respectively.. The feasibility of application of biological Bactofit to control the development of microbial deprivation of the beets during storage proved. Processing beet biologic Bactofit in combination with appropriate storage technologies can reduce quantitative and qualitative losses of crop production by preventing microbial deprivation.

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