scholarly journals Interaction between Rag genes results in a unique synergistic transcriptional response that enhances soybean resistance to soybean aphids

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha I. Natukunda ◽  
Jessica D. Hohenstein ◽  
Chantal E. McCabe ◽  
Michelle A. Graham ◽  
Yunhui Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Soybean Resistance ◽  
Strong Candidate

Abstract Background Pyramiding different resistance genes into one plant genotype confers enhanced resistance at the phenotypic level, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not well-understood. In soybean, aphid resistance is conferred by Rag genes. We compared the transcriptional response of four soybean genotypes to aphid feeding to assess how the combination of Rag genes enhanced the soybean resistance to aphid infestation. Results A strong synergistic interaction between Rag1 and Rag2, defined as genes differentially expressed only in the pyramid genotype, was identified. This synergistic effect in the Rag1/2 phenotype was very evident early (6 h after infestation) and involved unique biological processes. However, the response of susceptible and resistant genotypes had a large overlap 12 h after aphid infestation. Transcription factor (TF) analyses identified a network of interacting TF that potentially integrates signaling from Rag1 and Rag2 to produce the unique Rag1/2 response. Pyramiding resulted in rapid induction of phytochemicals production and deposition of lignin to strengthen the secondary cell wall, while repressing photosynthesis. We also identified Glyma.07G063700 as a novel, strong candidate for the Rag1 gene. Conclusions The synergistic interaction between Rag1 and Rag2 in the Rag1/2 genotype can explain its enhanced resistance phenotype. Understanding molecular mechanisms that support enhanced resistance in pyramid genotypes could facilitate more directed approaches for crop improvement.

scholarly journals Examination of the Transcriptional Response to LaMIR166a Overexpression in Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Yanru Fan ◽  
Wanfeng Li ◽  
Zhexin Li ◽  
Shaofei Dang ◽  
Suying Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Larix Kaempferi ◽  
Transgenic Cell

The study of somatic embryogenesis can provide insight into early plant development. We previously obtained LaMIR166a-overexpressing embryonic cell lines of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with miR166 in this species, the transcriptional profiles of wild-type (WT) and three LaMIR166a-overexpressing transgenic cell lines were subjected to RNA sequencing using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system. In total, 203,256 unigenes were generated using Trinity de novo assembly, and 2467 differentially expressed genes were obtained by comparing transgenic and WT lines. In addition, we analyzed the cleaved degree of LaMIR166a target genes LaHDZ31–34 in different transgenic cell lines by detecting the expression pattern of LaHdZ31–34, and their cleaved degree in transgenic cell lines was higher than that in WT. The downstream genes of LaHDZ31–34 were identified using Pearson correlation coefficients. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase report assays revealed that the transcription factors LaHDZ31–34 could bind to the promoters of LaPAP, LaPP1, LaZFP5, and LaPHO1. This is the first report of gene expression changes caused by LaMIR166a overexpression in Japanese larch. These findings lay a foundation for future studies on the regulatory mechanism of miR166.

scholarly journals Allium Sativum Leaf Agglutinin (ASAL) Endowed Enhanced Resistance Against Myzus Persicae under Both Constitutive and Phloem Specific Promoters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noroza Umer ◽  
Rubab Zahra Naqvi ◽  
Imran Rauf ◽  
Naveed Anjum ◽  
Hamid Anees Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Plant Transformation Vector

Abstract Globally, aphid, Myzus persicae is an economically significant, polyphagous crop pest that feeds on more than 400 plant species and transmits more than 100 plant viruses. Aphid infestation is mostly managed by insecticides that cause heavy environmental contamination and insect resistance. Cloning of plant derived insecticidal genes to develop transgenic plants under suitable promoter is a promising technology. In the present study, ASAL (MN820725) was isolated from native garlic and cloned in plant transformation vector, pGA482 through Agrobacterium mediated tobacco transformation. PCR of genomic DNA of transgenic tobacco plants using gene specific primers confirmed the presence of asal gene of 546 bp. To detect the integration of gene Southern blot analysis was conducted that revealed stable integration of asal gene while, gene expression was analyzed through qRT-PCR that showed variable expression of asal gene in transgenic tobacco plants. Efficacy of asal gene was evaluated through aphid bioassay. Aphid bioassay revealed that transgenic tobacco lines LS-17, LS-20, LR-1, and LR-7 exhibited 100% aphid mortality and significantly reduced the aphid population. These findings suggested the potential of ASAL against aphids that can be further used against other notorious sap sucking pests.

scholarly journals ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ interferes with the distribution and uptake of iron in tomato

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Buoso ◽  
Laura Pagliari ◽  
Rita Musetti ◽  
Marta Martini ◽  
Fabio Marroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection

Abstract Background ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ is endemic in Europe and infects a wide range of weeds and cultivated plants. Phytoplasmas are prokaryotic plant pathogens that colonize the sieve elements of their host plant, causing severe alterations in phloem function and impairment of assimilate translocation. Typical symptoms of infected plants include yellowing of leaves or shoots, leaf curling, and general stunting, but the molecular mechanisms underlying most of the reported changes remain largely enigmatic. To infer a possible involvement of Fe in the host-phytoplasma interaction, we investigated the effects of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) grown under different Fe regimes. Results Both phytoplasma infection and Fe starvation led to the development of chlorotic leaves and altered thylakoid organization. In infected plants, Fe accumulated in phloem tissue, altering the local distribution of Fe. In infected plants, Fe starvation had additive effects on chlorophyll content and leaf chlorosis, suggesting that the two conditions affected the phenotypic readout via separate routes. To gain insights into the transcriptional response to phytoplasma infection, or Fe deficiency, transcriptome profiling was performed on midrib-enriched leaves. RNA-seq analysis revealed that both stress conditions altered the expression of a large (> 800) subset of common genes involved in photosynthetic light reactions, porphyrin / chlorophyll metabolism, and in flowering control. In Fe-deficient plants, phytoplasma infection perturbed the Fe deficiency response in roots, possibly by interference with the synthesis or transport of a promotive signal transmitted from the leaves to the roots. Conclusions ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection changes the Fe distribution in tomato leaves, affects the photosynthetic machinery and perturbs the orchestration of root-mediated transport processes by compromising shoot-to-root communication.

scholarly journals Evolution of Courtship Songs in Xenopus: Vocal Pattern Generation and Sound Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 302-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Leininger ◽  
Darcy B. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Species Specific

The extant species of African clawed frogs (Xenopus and Silurana) provide an opportunity to link the evolution of vocal characters to changes in the responsible cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this review, we integrate several robust lines of research: evolutionary trajectories of Xenopus vocalizations, cellular and circuit-level mechanisms of vocalization in selected Xenopus model species, and Xenopus evolutionary history and speciation mechanisms. Integrating recent findings allows us to generate and test specific hypotheses about the evolution of Xenopus vocal circuits. We propose that reduced vocal sex differences in some Xenopus species result from species-specific losses of sexually differentiated neural and neuromuscular features. Modification of sex-hormone-regulated developmental mechanisms is a strong candidate mechanism for reduced vocal sex differences.

scholarly journals Genetic and transcriptional analysis of human host response to healthy gut microbiome

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison L. Richards ◽  
Michael B. Burns ◽  
Adnan Alazizi ◽  
Luis B. Barreiro ◽  
Roger Pique-Regi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Allele Specific Expression ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Allele Specific

AbstractMany studies have demonstrated the importance of the gut microbiome in healthy and disease states. However, establishing the causality of host-microbiome interactions in humans is still challenging. Here, we describe a novel experimental system to define the transcriptional response induced by the microbiome in human cells and to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying host-gut microbiome interactions. In primary human colonic epithelial cells, we identified over 6,000 genes that change expression at various time points following co-culturing with the gut microbiome of a healthy individual. The differentially expressed genes are enriched for genes associated with several microbiome-related diseases, such as obesity and colorectal cancer. In addition, our experimental system allowed us to identify 87 host SNPs that show allele-specific expression in 69 genes. Furthermore, for 12 SNPs in 12 different genes, allele-specific expression is conditional on the exposure to the microbiome. Of these 12 genes, eight have been associated with diseases linked to the gut microbiome, specifically colorectal cancer, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Our study demonstrates a scalable approach to study host-gut microbiome interactions and can be used to identify putative mechanisms for the interplay between host genetics and microbiome in health and disease.

scholarly journals Identification of Soybean Resistance to Pod Sucking Bug (Riptortus linearis) by No-Choice Test

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda Krisnawati ◽  
Marida Santi Yudha Ika Bayu ◽  
Moch. Muchlish Adie
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Soybean Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant

<p>Soybean pod damaged by pod sucking bug (<em>Riptortus linearis</em>) is one of the constraint within soybean yield improvement in Indonesia. The research aimed was to identify the resistance of soybean genotypes to pod sucking pest. The experiment was conducted in Iletri’s screen house from March to June 2015. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design using 10 soybean genotypes with three replicates. The soybean resistance was evaluated using no-choice test. Data collected on number of pod/plant, number of seed/plant, seed weight per plant, number of attacked pod/plant, and number of attacked seed/plant. The result showed that the lowest percentage both of pod and seed damage was G511H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8, that was 25.83 % and 19.12 %, respectively. Based on the value of the percentage of seed damage, there were five susceptible genotypes, three moderately resistant, and two resistant genotypes. Based on the value of the percentage of pod damage, showed four susceptible genotypes, five moderately resistant, and a resistant genotype. G511H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8 was the only resistant genotype, and it could be used as a genetic source in the improvement of soybean resistance to pod sucking bug.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Krisnawati, A., Bayu, M. S. Y. I. &amp; Adie, M. M. (2016). Identification of Soybean Resistance to Pod Sucking Bug (<em>Riptortus linearis</em>) by No-Choice Test. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 407-414. </p>

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals major transcriptional changes during regrowth after mowing of red clover (Trifolium pratense)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise B Herbert ◽  
Thomas Gross ◽  
Oliver Rupp ◽  
Annette Becker
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Biomass Loss

Abstract BackgroundRed clover (Trifolium pratense) is globally used as a fodder plant due its high nutritional value and soil improving qualities. In response to mowing, red clover exhibits specific morphological traits to compensate the loss of biomass. The morphological reaction is well described, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and its role for plants grown in the field are unclear. ResultsHere, we characterize the global transcriptional response to mowing of red clover by comparing plants grown under greenhouse conditions with plants growing on agriculturally used fields. Unexpectedly, we found that biotic and abiotic stress related changes of plants grown in the field overlay their regrowth related transcriptional changes and characterized transcription related protein families involved in these processes. Further, we can show that gibberellins, among other phytohormones, also contribute to the developmental processes related to regrowth after biomass-loss. ConclusionsOur findings show that massive biomass loss triggers less transcriptional changes in field grown plants than their struggle with biotic and abiotic stresses and that gibberellins also play a role in the developmental program related to regrowth after mowing in red clover. Our results provide first insights into the physiological and developmental processes of mowing on red clover and may serve as a base for red clover yield improvement.

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