scholarly journals Disparities in physical fitness of 6–11-year-old children: the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Guseman ◽  
R. Tanda ◽  
Z. T. Haile
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Abstract Background Children’s physical fitness is an important predictor of metabolic health, physical function, and academic achievement. Although fitness is determined partially by heritable factors, it can be maintained and improved through regular physical activity. Because physical activity is known to vary by socioeconomic status, physical fitness may be expected to vary similarly. With this in mind, the purpose of this study was to examine disparities in physical fitness performance among a nationally-representative sample of 6–11 year-old children living in the United States. Methods We conducted secondary analysis of physical fitness data of children ages 6–11 years (n = 686) from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS) 2012. We estimated sex-stratified weighted means of four fitness performance tests: cardiorespiratory endurance, upper-, lower-, and core-muscular strength. The weighted mean for each fitness assessment was compared by income groups (federal income to poverty ratio – FIPR) accounting for complex sampling design and adjusting for age. Results Income disparities in physical fitness performance were evident among girls but not among boys. Girls from lower income groups (< 130% FIPR and 130–349% FIPR groups) showed significantly lower cardiorespiratory endurance and core muscle strength compared to those from the highest income group (≥ 350% FIPR). Conclusion These findings highlight the need to support health-promoting physical activity among girls from disadvantaged backgrounds prior to the adolescent period.

Association of Behavioral Phenotypes With Changes in Sleep During a Workplace Wellness Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110150
Author(s):  
Kimberly J. Waddell ◽  
Sujatha Changolkar ◽  
Gregory Szwartz ◽  
Sarah Godby ◽  
Mitesh S. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Phenotype ◽  
Workplace Wellness ◽  
Wellness Program ◽  
Behavioral Phenotypes ◽  
Physically Active

Purpose: Examine changes in sleep duration by 3 behavioral phenotypes during a workplace wellness program with overweight and obese adults. Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial Setting: Remotely monitored intervention conducted across the United States Subjects: 553 participants with a body mass index ≥25 Intervention: Participants were randomized to 1 of 4 study arms: control, gamification with support, gamification with collaboration, and gamification with competition to increase their physical activity. All participants were issued a wrist-worn wearable device to record their daily physical activity and sleep duration. Measures: The primary outcome was change in daily sleep duration from baseline during the 24 week intervention and follow-up period by study arm within behavioral phenotype class. Analysis: Linear mixed effects regression. Results: Participants who had a phenotype of less physically active and less social at baseline, in the gamification with collaboration arm, significantly increased their sleep duration during the intervention period (30.2 minutes [95% CI 6.9, 53.5], P = 0.01), compared to the control arm. There were no changes in sleep duration among participants who were more extroverted and motivated or participants who were less motivated and at-risk. Conclusions: Changes in sleep during a physical activity intervention varied by behavioral phenotype. Behavioral phenotypes may help to precisely identify who is likely to improve sleep duration during a physical activity intervention.

scholarly journals Trends in Disability Among Adults 55-64 in the United States and England From 2002 to 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 303-303
Author(s):  
HwaJung Choi ◽  
Robert Schoeni ◽  
Tsai-Chin Cho ◽  
Kenneth Langa
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Change ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
Disability Prevalence ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The paper’s goal is to assess whether and, if so, the extent to which prevalence in disability of adults near retirement ages in the US increased over time compared to their peers in England and examine income group differences in the relative trends. This study uses 2002-2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) focusing on adults aged 55-64. Annual percent changes over the period of 2002-2016 for limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and activities of daily living (ADL) are estimated for each survey (HRS and ELSA) using multivariable logistic regressions to adjust for individual-level characteristics While disability prevalence of adults ages 55-64 in England improved over the years of 2002-2016 (annual % change= -2.01 for IADL; - 2.53 for ADL), disability prevalence of US adults has not improved and in fact even worsened in terms of IADL (annual % change= +1.35). There are substantial variations in the IADL/ADL trends by income groups. In the US, the adverse trends in disability were more pronounced among the lowest income groups (annual % change in IADL=1.76 for bottom 20% vs. -2.08 for top 20%; annual % change in ADL=1.08 for bottom 20% vs. -2.08 for top 20%). In England, the disability status improved over time for all but the lowest income group. We will examine further to identify specific factors contributing to divergent/convergent trends in disability between the US and England.

What Makes Families Healthy? Examining Correlates of Family Health in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110428
Author(s):  
Quenla Haehnel ◽  
Caitlin Whitehead ◽  
Eliza Broadbent ◽  
Carl L. Hanson ◽  
AliceAnn Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Health Measure ◽  
Nationally Representative

Conceptually, family health is crucial for individual health across the lifespan, yet previous research has lacked a validated family health measure. The current study examines the relationships between individual physical (physical activity) and mental health (depressive symptoms and executive functioning) and social determinants of health (socioeconomic status) with four domains of family health using a recently validated family health measure. The sample included 1050 US adults (40.30 years; 53.78% female) that completed a survey. The results of the structural equation model revealed that depression was associated with reduced family health across all domains. Executive functioning was associated with better family social and emotional processes and family healthy lifestyle. Physical activity was associated with improved family healthy lifestyle only. Income was positively associated with each domain, but subjective SES was not associated with any domain. The findings indicate the interconnectedness of family health and individual factors, particularly with depression and wealth.

Improved Cognitive Development in Preterm Infants with Shared Book Reading

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Braid ◽  
Jenny Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Shared Book Reading ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACTPurpose: To examine the effect of shared book reading on the cognitive development of children born preterm and to determine what factors influence shared book reading in this population.Design: Secondary analysis using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, a large, nationally representative survey of children born in the United States in 2001.Sample: One thousand four hundred singleton preterm infants (22–36 weeks gestation).Main Outcome Variable: Cognitive development measured using the Bayley Mental Scale score from the Bayley Scales of Infant Development Research Edition.Results: Adjusting for neonatal, maternal, and socioeconomic characteristics, reading aloud more than two times a week is associated with higher cognitive development scores in two-year-old children born preterm (p<.001). Race/ethnicity and maternal education affect how often parents read to their children. Shared book reading holds potential as an early developmental intervention for this population.

scholarly journals Awareness and Adherence to Government Guidelines on Physical Activity by American Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1293-1293
Author(s):  
Teresia Mbogori
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Objectives U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provides physical activity guidelines for Americans. Current guidelines recommend at least 30–60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity 5 days a week. This level of physical activity is associated with reduction of many adverse health outcomes. This study sought to investigate the awareness and adherence to these guidelines by adults in the United States. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-5 Cycle 3), a nationally-representative survey administered by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Data were collected between January and May 2019 among 5438 adults. Participants were asked if they were aware of government guidelines on physical activity, where they had heard this information and the action they took. In addition, participants were asked the number of days in a week they were physically active or exercised and for how long. Descriptive and Chi square statistics were used to determine the level of awareness and adherence to physical activity guidelines and the relationship between awareness and actions taken. Results About 36% of the participants stated that they had not heard about government recommendations on physical activity. 46% stated that they heard about the guidelines but did not make any changes to their physical activity routine while 5.3% stated that they increased their physical activity. Sources of this information were, television (34%), social media or internet (25%), health professionals or doctor (24%), and magazines (19%). About 54% of the participants reported that they were physically active 3 or more days per week while 26% stated that they did no physical activity. About 68.4% of those who reported exercising did so for 30–60 minutes while 15% exercised for more than 60 minutes per day. Chi square analysis showed that a higher percentage of those who reported not exercising at all also reported that they had not heard about the government recommendations of physical activity (X2 = 29.6; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions There still remains a considerable section of the population that is not aware of the government guidelines on physical activity. There is need for continued public education on the benefits of physical activity and the amount of physical activity that is likely to result in such benefits. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Low serum klotho associated with all-cause mortality among a nationally representative sample of American adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob K Kresovich ◽  
Catherine M Bulka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract α-Klotho (klotho) is a protein involved in suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. In animal models, it is reported to underlie numerous aging phenotypes and longevity. Among a nationally representative sample of adults aged 40 to 79 in the United States, we investigated whether circulating concentrations of klotho is a marker of mortality risk. Serum klotho was measured by ELISA on 10,069 individuals enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007-2014. Mortality follow-up data based on the National Death Index were available through December 31, 2015. After a mean follow-up of 58 months (range: 1-108), 616 incident deaths occurred. Using survey-weighted Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex and survey cycle, low serum klotho concentration (&lt; 666 pg/mL) was associated with a 31% higher risk of death (compared to klotho concentration &gt; 985 pg/mL, HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.71, P= 0.05). Associations were consistent for mortality caused by heart disease or cancer. Associations of klotho with all-cause mortality did not appear to differ by most participant characteristics. However, we observed effect modification by physical activity, such that low levels of serum klotho were more strongly associated with mortality among individuals who did not meet recommendation-based physical activity guidelines. Our findings suggest that, among the general population of American adults, circulating levels of klotho may serve as a marker of mortality risk.

Abstract 244: Racial Disparities In Cardiopulmonary Training Status in the United States

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun K McGovern ◽  
Andrew Murray ◽  
Benjamin S Abella ◽  
Marion Leary ◽  
Audrey L Blewer
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Random Digit Dial ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cpr Training

Background: Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest varies by race, possibly due to poor penetration of CPR training in minority communities. Targeted trainings and campaigns to increase access to CPR education have sought to address these gaps, yet it is unknown if these initiatives have equalized training rates. Objectives: We sought to examine racial variation of CPR training status on the individual-level by assessing current CPR training and ever CPR trained status. We hypothesized that whites would be more likely to hold current CPR training and be ever trained in CPR compared to minorities. Methods: As a secondary analysis to a previous random digit dial survey of a nationally-representative adult sample, we defined CPR training status of individuals as currently trained (only ≤2 years) and ever trained. Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine variation by race. Results: From 09/2015-11/2015, 9,022 individuals completed the national survey. Of those, 65% had been CPR trained at some point in time, while 18% reported being currently trained. Minorities were significantly less likely to ever be trained in CPR compared to whites (54.9% vs 70.8%, p<0.01). However, minorities and whites were equally as likely to be currently CPR trained (18.2% vs. 18.2%, p=0.99); no significant difference was found when adjusting for age, sex, and education (p=ns). Probability of training status by age displayed variation between groups (Figure 1). Conclusions: Significant disparities by race were observed in those ever trained in CPR, however no significant difference exists in attainment of current CPR training. Increased access to CPR education and targeted training campaigns may have closed the gap in current CPR training status disparities. Continued surveillance of CPR training rates is needed to monitor these findings over time.

Physical Activity: Relations to Field and Technical Indicators of Physical Fitness for Boys and Girls Aged 9-15

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Technical Indicators ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Activity Measures ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Better Than

Physical activity measures for a large, nationally representative sample of Australian boys and girls aged 9, 12, and 15 were related to multiple dimensions of physical fitness. Physical activity during a one-week period was only modestly related to physical fitness. However, relations tended to be higher for length of time multiplied by METs (METs - minday1) than for time alone, time multiplied by perceived effort, or METs - min day−1 multiplied by effort, whereas time multiplied by effort did no better than time alone. Relations tended to be nonlinear in that progressively higher levels of activity had less positive associations with physical fitness. The pattern and size of the relations were consistent across scores for boys and girls aged 9 to 15. Self-report measures of typical and recent (within one week) physical activity both contributed to the prediction of physical fitness, indicating that both aspects of physical activity are important.

Effects of the Youth Fit for Life Protocol on Physiological, Psychological, and Behavioral Factors at YMCA Calgary After-School Care Sites

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Annesi ◽  
Gisèle Tennant ◽  
Wayne L. Westcott ◽  
Avery D. Faigenbaum ◽  
Alice E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
After School ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Youth inactivity and inappropriately high weight is a problem in the United States, Canada, and much of the industrialized world. Physiological and behavioral changes associated with the Youth Fit For Life protocol, a physical activity and nutrition education treatment based on self-efficacy theory, were assessed in 7- to 12-yr.-olds ( N = 43) from Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Body Mass Index, strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance significantly improved over a 12-wk. period when contrasted with changes based on normative data. Significant within-group improvements in measures of self-efficacy, vegetable intake, and voluntary moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were also found over 12 wk. Multiple regression analysis indicated that score changes in measures of self-regulatory and task self-efficacy, and general self, accounted for changes in voluntary physical activity. Implications for use of behaviorally based methods for large-scale obesity prevention treatments in preadolescents were discussed.

Use of Assistive Technology by Students with Visual Impairments: Findings from a National Survey

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 470-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy M. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study investigated the use of assistive technology by students in the United States who are visually impaired through a secondary analysis of a nationally representative database. It found that the majority of students were not using assistive technology. Implications for interventions and potential changes in policy or practice are discussed.

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