scholarly journals Silent hypoxia: higher NO in red blood cells of COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Mortaz ◽  
Majid Malkmohammad ◽  
Hamidreza Jamaati ◽  
Parisa Adimi Naghan ◽  
Seyed MohamadReza Hashemian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to almost 100 countries, infected over 31 M patients and resulted in 961 K deaths worldwide as of 21st September 2020. The major clinical feature of severe COVID-19 requiring ventilation is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with multi-functional failure as a result of a cytokine storm with increased serum levels of cytokines. The pathogenesis of the respiratory failure in COVID-19 is yet unknown, but diffuse alveolar damage with interstitial thickening leading to compromised gas exchange is a plausible mechanism. Hypoxia is seen in the COVID-19 patients, however, patients present with a distinct phenotype. Intracellular levels of nitric oxide (NO) play an important role in the vasodilation of small vessels. To elucidate the intracellular levels of NO inside of RBCs in COVID-19 patients compared with that of healthy control subjects. Methods We recruited 14 COVID-19 infected cases who had pulmonary involvement of their disease, 4 non-COVID-19 healthy controls (without pulmonary involvement and were not hypoxic) and 2 hypoxic non-COVID-19 patients subjects who presented at the Masih Daneshvari Hospital of Tehran, Iran between March–May 2020. Whole blood samples were harvested from patients and intracellular NO levels in 1 × 106 red blood cells (RBC) was measured by DAF staining using flow cytometry (FACS Calibour, BD, CA, USA). Results The Mean florescent of intensity for NO was significantly enhanced in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy control subjects (P ≤ 0.05). As a further control for whether hypoxia induced this higher intracellular NO, we evaluated the levels of NO inside RBC of hypoxic patients. No significant differences in NO levels were seen between the hypoxic and non-hypoxic control group. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates increased levels of intracellular NO in RBCs from COVID-19 patients. Future multi-centre studies should examine whether this is seen in a larger number of COVID-19 patients and whether NO therapy may be of use in these severe COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Happy Hypoxia: Higher NO in red blood cells of COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Moratz ◽  
Majid Malekmohammad ◽  
Hamidreza Jamaati ◽  
Parisa Adimi Naghan ◽  
Mohammadreza Hashemian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to almost 100 countries, infected over 10M patients and resulted in 505K deaths worldwide as of 30th June 2020. The major clinical feature of severe COVID-19 requiring ventilation is acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) with multi-functional failure as a result of a cytokine storm with increased serum levels of cytokines. The pathogenesis of the respiratory failure in COVID-19 is yet unknown, but diffuse alveolar damage with interstitial thickening leading to compromised gas exchange is a plausible mechanism. Hypoxia has been seen in the COVID-19 patients however, patients present with a distinct phenotype. Intracellular levels of NO playing important role in the vasodilation of small vessels.Objectives: To elucidate the intracellular levels of NO inside of RBCs in COVID-19 patients compared with that of healthy control subjects.Methods: We recruited 14 COVID-19 infected cases who had pulmonary involvement of their disease, 4 non-COVID-19 healthy controls (without pulmonary involvement and were not hypoxic) and 2 hypoxic non-COVID-19 patients subjects who presented at the Masih Daneshvari Hospital of Tehran, Iran between March-May 2020. Whole blood samples were harvested from patients and intracellular levels of NO in 1 million red blood cells (RBC) was measured by DAF staining using flow cytometry (FACS Calibour, BD, CA, USA).Results: The Mean florescent of intensity for NO was significantly enhanced in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy control subjects (P≤0.05). As a further control for whether hypoxia induced this higher intracellular NO, we evaluated the levels of NO inside RBC of hypoxic patients. No significant differences in NO levels were seen between the hypoxic and non-hypoxic control group.Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates increased levels of intracellular NO in RBCs from COVID-19 patients. Future studies should examine whether intracellular NO would be increased in large number of COVID-19 patients for usage of possible NO therapy in severe patients.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hereditary Elliptocytosis with Decreased Binding of Eosin-5-maleimide to Red Blood Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichiro Suemori ◽  
Hideho Wada ◽  
Hidekazu Nakanishi ◽  
Takayuki Tsujioka ◽  
Takashi Sugihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hereditary Spherocytosis ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Hereditary Elliptocytosis ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Healthy Control

Flow cytometric test for analyzing the eosin-5-maleimide (EMA) binding to red blood cells has been believed to be a specific method for diagnosing hereditary spherocytosis (HS). However, it has been reported that diseases other than HS, such as hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) and Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO), which are forms in the category of hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), show decreased EMA binding to red blood cells. We analyzed EMA binding to red blood cells in 101 healthy control subjects and 42 HS patients and obtained a mean channel fluorescence (MCF) cut-off value of 36.4 (sensitivity 0.97, specificity 0.95). Using this method, we also analyzed 12 HE patients. Among them, four HE patients showed the MCF at or below the cut-off value. It indicates that some HE patients have decreased EMA binding to red blood cells. Two of these four HE patients were classified as common HE, and two were spherocytic HE with reduced spectrin. This study demonstrates that, in addition to patients with HPP or SAO, some HE patients have decreased EMA binding to red blood cells.

scholarly journals The Significance of Spermidine and Spermine in Association with Atherosclerosis in Sera of Iraqi Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhad A.Ibrahim ◽  
Jwan A. Zainulabdeen ◽  
Hameed M. Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Positive Correlations

This study aims to determine the relationship between spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) with the incidence of atherosclerosis in population of Iraqi patients in comparison with controls. A total of 128 atherosclerosis patients (64 male and 64 female) were included in the present study (aged 45-70 years). They were categorized into two groups: a group that underwent percutaneous coronary intervention catheterization (PCI) and a group that underwent diagnostic catheterization (DIG). 64 age matched, apparently healthy individuals (showing no symptoms of heart disease) of both men and women were also included in the control group (C). Sera were used as samples of the present study; the main measurements included SPD and SPM levels using the HPLC method. Results showed that serum levels of SPD were 631.53 ± 35.637, and 540.49 ± 44.564µg/ml in PCI and DIG patients, respectively. These levels showed significant increases (p˂0.001) when compared to their levels (29.162 ± 6.151µg/ml) in sera of healthy controls. On the other hand, the SPM levels were (159.98 ± 15.981, and 169.85 ±14.606 µg/ml) in PCI and DIG patients, respectively, which also show significant increases (p˂0.001) when compared with the SPM levels (24.26 ± 4.613 µg/ml) in the control group. Moreover, the changes in SPD and SPM levels differed significantly (p˂0.001, and p˂0.05, respectively) according to gender in patient groups. Moreover, it was found that there were positive correlations between sera levels of SPD and SPM in atherosclerosis patients with the levels of white blood cells (WBC) (r=0.58, p˂0.05, r=0.55, p˂0.05), neutrophils (r=0.54, p˂0.05, r=0.51, p˂0.05), lymphocytes (r=0.46, p˂0.05, r=0.48, p˂0.05) and red blood cells (RBC) (r=0.43, p˂0.05, r=0.60, p˂0.01). These results demonstrated that SPD and SPM levels were altered in sera of atherosclerosis patients when compared with the control group. In addition, the data indicated that these patients’ gender played a role in their levels. Generally, correlations were observed among the SPD and SPM levels, the white blood cell differential, and the red blood cells in the sera of atherosclerosis patients.

scholarly journals Mathematical Models for Some Aspects of Blood Microcirculation

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Angiolo Farina ◽  
Antonio Fasano ◽  
Fabio Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Small Class ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Blood Microcirculation ◽  
Peculiar Behavior

Blood rheology is a challenging subject owing to the fact that blood is a mixture of a fluid (plasma) and of cells, among which red blood cells make about 50% of the total volume. It is precisely this circumstance that originates the peculiar behavior of blood flow in small vessels (i.e., roughly speaking, vessel with a diameter less than half a millimeter). In this class we find arteriolas, venules, and capillaries. The phenomena taking place in microcirculation are very important in supporting life. Everybody knows the importance of blood filtration in kidneys, but other phenomena, of not less importance, are known only to a small class of physicians. Overviewing such subjects reveals the fascinating complexity of microcirculation.

scholarly journals Low serum vitamin B12 levels are associated with degenerative rotator cuff tear

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hwa Kim ◽  
Go-Tak Kim ◽  
Siyeoung Yoon ◽  
Hyun Il Lee ◽  
Kyung Rae Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract Background Vitamin B12 (Vit B12) deficiency results in elevated homocysteine levels and interference with collagen cross-linking, which may affect tendon integrity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether serum Vit B12 levels were correlated with degenerative rotator cuff (RC) tear. Methods Eighty-seven consecutive patients with or without degenerative RC tear were enrolled as study participants. Possible risk factors (age, sex, medical history, bone mineral density, and serum chemistries including glucose, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, homocysteine, Vitamin D, Vit B12, homocysteine, and folate) were assessed. Significant variables were selected based on the results of univariate analyses, and a logistic regression model (backward elimination) was constructed to predict the presence of degenerative RC tear. Results In the univariate analysis, the group of patients with degenerative RC tear had a mean concentration of 528.4 pg/mL Vit B12, which was significantly lower than the healthy control group (627.1 pg/mL). Logistic regression analysis using Vit B12 as an independent variable revealed that Vit B12 concentrations were significantly correlated with degenerative RC tear (p = 0.044). However, Vit B12 levels were not associated with tear size. Conclusion Low serum levels of Vit B12 were independently related to degenerative RC tear. Further investigations are warranted to determine if Vit B12 supplementation can decrease the risk of this condition.

scholarly journals Circulating tumour DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis using digital droplet PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199296
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Yanjun Diao ◽  
Jiayun Liu ◽  
Jinjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Healthy Control

Objective To evaluate the performance of a DNA methylation-based digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect aberrant DNA methylation in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and to determine its application in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The present study recruited patients with liver-related diseases and healthy control subjects. Blood samples were used for the extraction of cfDNA, which was then bisulfite converted and the extent of DNA methylation quantified using a ddPCR platform. Results A total of 97 patients with HCC, 80 healthy control subjects and 46 patients with chronic hepatitis B/C virus infection were enrolled in the study. The level of cfDNA in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group. For the detection of HCC, based on a cut-off value of 15.7% for the cfDNA methylation ratio, the sensitivity and specificity were 78.57% and 89.38%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 85.27%, the positive predictive value was 81.91% and the negative predictive value was 87.20%. The positive likelihood ratio of 15.7% in HCC diagnosis was 7.40, while the negative likelihood ratio was 0.24. Conclusions A sensitive methylation-based assay might serve as a liquid biopsy test for diagnosing HCC.

scholarly journals Acetylsalicylic acid and morphology of red blood cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Natan Grinapel Frydman ◽  
Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca ◽  
Vanessa Câmara da Rocha ◽  
Monica Oliveira Benarroz ◽  
Gabrielle de Souza Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
In Vivo Treatment ◽  
Microscopy Data

This work evaluated the effect of in vitro and in vivo treatment with ASA on the morphology of the red blood cells. Blood samples or Wistar rats were treated with ASA for one hour. Blood samples or animals treated with saline were used as control group. Blood smears were prepared, fixed, stained and the qualitative and quantitative morphology of red blood cells were evaluated under optical microscopy. Data showed that the in vitro treatment for one hour with ASA at higher dose used significantly (p<0.05) modified the perimeter/area ratio of the red blood cells. No morphological alterations were obtained with the in vivo treatment. ASA use at highest doses could interfere on shape of red blood cells.

scholarly journals Nrf2 Dysregulation in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e2074
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghanbarirad ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Saberi ◽  
Ahmad Majd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Nrf2 Expression

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are two of the most important mental disorders that greatly impact different aspects of life. These conditions imply heavy health and economic burden and are heterogeneous in nature. Inflammation is reported as the etiology of mental disorders. Nrf2 transcription factor plays a key role in the defense mechanisms against inflammation and oxidative stress. So, this study aimed to evaluate the expression level of Nrf2 in MDD and BPD patients and compared it with healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: In this study, real-time PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression level of Nrf2 in 100 MDD and 100 BPD patients compared to 100 healthy control subjects. Statistical analysis conducted on GraphPad Prism 8 and SPSS21 included ANOVA, Tukey’s test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and odds ratio. Results: Results suggest a significant downregulation of Nrf2 in these conditions compared to the control group. ROC curve analysis demonstrates Nrf2 as a biomarker of these psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: The elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and downregulation of detoxifying enzymes were observed in MDD and BPD, which can be associated with the downregulation of Nrf2. Concerning its role in inflammatory response pathways, alternation of Nrf2 expression can be associated with the pathology of these conditions.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SILICON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON BROILER CHICKEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nikulin ◽  
Aleksandra Mustafina
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study is to increase the productive qualities of broiler chickens by including ultrafine silicon oxide into main diet. During the experiment, the biological effect of ultrafine silicon oxide on broiler chickens was estab-lished. Use of ultrafine SiO2 particles for poultry feeding contributed to an increase in the number of red blood cells and content of total protein and albumins. By the end of the experiment, the number of red blood cells in birds in-creased by 17.43% (P≤0.001) – in the blood of birds of the first experimental group, 16.51% (P≤0.01) – the second one, 20.80% (P≤0.001) – the third experimental and 21.71% (P≤0.001) – the fourth experimental group, compared with the indicator of the control group. The amount of total protein in blood serum of chickens of the first and the second experimental groups increased by 1.36-1.39 %, in the third and fourth ones there was a significant (P≤0.05) increase by 5.45 and 3.05%, respectively. The blood glucose content of chickens in the experimental groups is higher by 8.04-23.65% compared to this indicator with ones in the control group. During the experiment feed con-sumption per 1 kg gain of live weight decreased: in the first experimental group by 3.00 % in the second by – 0.50 %, the third – 6.00 % the fourth– by 4.50 %, compared to this with the control group. The chicken’s vibrancy of the first the experimental group was higher by 4.77 %, the second – by 6.20 %, the third – by 19.25 % and the fourth– by 11.59% than in the control one. Consequently, when converting the feed energy into the body energy of a broiler chicken, the energy conversion coefficient of the experimental group of poultry is higher than that of the control one by 7.16-21.76 %. Thus, the most optimal dose for further research was determined.

scholarly journals The Effect of Experimental Escherichia coli Infection on Some Blood Parameters and Histological Changes in Male Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Hayder AL – Zamely
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Tubules

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of experimental infection by Escherichia coli on some blood parameters and histopathological changes in male rats to reach this objective twenty male rats (Rattus norvigicus) were divided into two groups, housed under same conditions of water, feed, temperature, light and humidity. The first one served as control group, while the second was experimentally infected with Ecoli by administration of 2ml / rat of (1×109) colony forming unit/ml of E-coli. Five days later blood were obtained from animals by cardiac puncture to measure the total and differential white blood cells count hemoglobin concentration packed cells volume red blood cells count, and thrombocytes count. One animal from each group was killed and histopathological examination was done for intestine kidney liver and spleen to detect the effect of infection on these organs. The results revealed a significant increase in total leukocytes count (P<005) in infected group while the differential count showed a significant increase in neutrophils and significant decrease in lymphocytes (P< 0.05) in same group. There were a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration packed cell volume and non significant decrease in red blood cells count. While thrombocytes count showed a significant decrease in infected group compared with control group (P<0.05). The histopathological examination of infected male rats intestine was demonstrated mild diffuse inflammation which include increased numbers of neutrophile in tissue intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells In kidney renal tubules showed extensive epithelial swelling with decreased lumen space and generalized necrotic changes with interstitial hemorrhage in renal cortex. In liver hepatocytes were swollen with decreased sinusoidal spaces and widely distributed necrotic foci were seen. There is extensive splenic necrosis with infiltration of leukocytes from white pulp to red pulp of spleen.

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