scholarly journals Risk factors for poor health and performance in European broiler production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Van Limbergen ◽  
◽  
Steven Sarrazin ◽  
Ilias Chantziaras ◽  
Jeroen Dewulf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Risk factors for poor health and performance in European broiler production systems.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy A.A. Van Limbergen ◽  
Steven Sarrazin ◽  
Ilias Chantziaras ◽  
Jeroen Dewulf ◽  
Richard Ducatelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Condemnation Rate ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background Conventional broilers are currently one of the most efficient protein converters. Although decades of progress in genetic selection and feed formulation have lead to high standards of efficient broiler production, still a lot of variability is found between farms and between successive flocks. The aim of this study was to investigate risk- and/or protective factors for poor health and performance in conventional broiler-farms in Europe by developing eight multivariable linear mixed models. Three different models were used to investigate mortality (overall, first week, after first week), three models for performance variables (growth, feed conversion, European production index) and two models were related to slaughterhouse data (i.e. dead on arrival and condemnation rate). Results Several factors related to management and housing were significantly associated with health and performance of broilers. The following factors were associated with increased mortality: floor quality, neonatal septicemia, ventilation type and other professional activities of the farmer. The factors associated with performance were chick sex, coccidiosis infections, necrotic enteritis, dysbacteriosis, light intensity adaptations, ventilation type, comparing daily flock results with previous flock results by farmer, daily check of feed and water system and type of feed. For dead on arrival three risk factors were identified i.e. daily growth, type of light adaptation and type of drinkers system. For condemnation rate seven risk factors were found, i.e. type of drinking system, daily growth, feed withdrawal time, type of ventilation, house size, septicemia after seven days and type of feed. Conclusions These results imply that a multifactorial approach is required with adaptations involving both improvements in management, housing, health programs and an increasing level of professionalism of the farmer in order to improve broiler performance and health.

scholarly journals Use of simulation model for measurement of MilkRun system performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Fedorko ◽  
Martin Vasil ◽  
Michaela Bartosova
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effective Operation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Plant Simulation

AbstractIntra-plant transport systems within their operation directly impact on the performance of production systems. For their effective operation, it is, therefore, necessary to realize evaluation of operational performance and effectivity. For the realization of this type of evaluation, in addition to a wide range of sensors that can be difficult for installation and operation, we can also use indirect methods that are equally able to provide reliable operational characteristics. Indirect analytical methods are presented above all by the approach which is based on the use of simulation methods. The method of computer simulation provides a wide range of options for the evaluation of efficiency and performance. The paper describes the use of a simulation model created in the program Tecnomatix Plant Simulation for analyzing the supply of production workplaces within the MilkRun system.

Reasons for keeping dairy goats in Tanzania, and possible goals for a sustainable breeding program

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. C. Nziku ◽  
G. C. Kifaro ◽  
L. O. Eik ◽  
T. Steine ◽  
T. Ådnøy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Animal Identification ◽  
Breeding Goals ◽  
And Performance

This research aimed at describing reasons for keeping dairy goats in Tanzania, and possible goals for a sustainable breeding program. Three districts, each representing a unique dairy goat breed population, were selected for the study. The Saanen, Toggenburg and Norwegian were the main dairy goat breeds in Arumeru, Babati, and Mvomero districts, respectively. A total of 125 dairy goat farmers were interviewed. A holistic approach of both quantitative and qualitative research methods was used to study the perceptions of farmers. More milk yield, sale of breeding stock and manure were the highest ranked reasons for keeping dairy goats. The reasons were coherent to the production systems. The three most preferred traits for improvement were milk yield, adaptability and twinning ability. These preferences were absolutely important in the context of the referred production system. Selection of replacement stock, animal identification and performance recording were the main challenges emphasised by farmers. The present study views these challenges as a result of knowledge gaps in animal breeding that require solutions. Based on result findings it is suggested that the milk yield and survival traits should be the primary dairy goat breeding goals. Generally, there are possibilities for developing sustainable dairy goat breeding programs in the surveyed areas given relevant breeding goals are incorporated. The design of simple and manageable dairy goat breeding schemes is necessary.

scholarly journals HEDGE FUNDS: RISK AND PERFORMANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850003
Author(s):  
SANGHEON SHIN ◽  
JAN SMOLARSKI ◽  
GÖKÇE SOYDEMIR
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hedge Funds ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Hedge Fund ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Asset Class ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fund Portfolio

This paper models hedge fund exposure to risk factors and examines time-varying performance of hedge funds. From existing models such as asset-based style (ABS)-factor model, standard asset class (SAC)-factor model, and four-factor model, we extract the best six factors for each hedge fund portfolio by investment strategy. Then, we find combinations of risk factors that explain most of the variance in performance of each hedge fund portfolio based on investment strategy. The results show instability of coefficients in the performance attribution regression. Incorporating a time-varying factor exposure feature would be the best way to measure hedge fund performance. Furthermore, the optimal models with fewer factors exhibit greater explanatory power than existing models. Using rolling regressions, our customized investment strategy model shows how hedge funds are sensitive to risk factors according to market conditions.

The Costs of Production in Systems Which Differ in Their Perceived Effects on Animal Welfare. 1. Eggs and Broilers

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
John Hill ◽  
Carol Asby ◽  
Ian Sturgess
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Costs Of Production ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Equipment Costs

This paper considers what animal welfare is and the importance of animal welfare to the consumer. It also considers how different production systems are perceived in terms of kindness to animals, and outlines a method of assessing the costs of animal welfare by analysing the costs of intensive egg and broiler production and comparing them with costs of free-range production by using data from the UK. The extra costs associated with free-range production are due to higher labour, feed, building and equipment costs.

Prenatal and early life origins of adolescence sleep problems: evidence from a birth cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqoot Fatima ◽  
Alice Cairns ◽  
Isabelle Skinner ◽  
Suhail A.R. Doi ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Close Observation ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Sleep Talking

Abstract Purpose This study aims to identify the prenatal and early life predictors of adolescence sleep problems. Methods Sleep data (n = 5081) from the 14-year (13.92 ± 0.34 years) follow-up of a birth cohort were analyzed to explore the predictors of adolescence trouble sleeping, nightmares, snoring and sleep talking/walking. Data from the antenatal period till adolescence were explored for identifying predictors of adolescence sleep problems. Modified Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used to identify significant predictors. Results Our results suggest that about a quarter of adolescents in our study sample had sleep maintenance problems (nightmares: 27.88%, snoring: 23.20%, sleepwalking/talking 27.72%). The prevalence rate of sleep initiation problems was even higher (trouble sleeping: 40.61%). Our results suggest that antenatal and early-life factors, e.g. maternal smoking, anxiety, sleep problems in childhood, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and poor health are significant predictors of adolescence sleep problems. Conclusions This study demonstrates the predictive role of prenatal and early life risk factors in adolescence sleep problems. It seems that exposure to prenatal and early life risk factors increase the vulnerability for sleep problems later in life, which is further supported by poor health and lifestyle choices in adolescence. Therefore, close observation and mitigation of factors associated with early life risk factors could be a potential strategy for preventing sleep problems later in life.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Use on Irish Pig Farms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2828
Author(s):  
Lorcan O’Neill ◽  
Julia Adriana Calderón Díaz ◽  
Maria Rodrigues da Costa ◽  
Sinnead Oakes ◽  
Finola C. Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

The threat to public health posed by antimicrobial resistance in livestock production means that the pig sector is a particular focus for efforts to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU). This study sought to investigate the risk factors for AMU in Irish pig production. Antimicrobial use data were collected from 52 farrow-to-finish farms. The risk factors investigated were farm characteristics and performance, biosecurity practices, prevalence of pluck lesions at slaughter and serological status for four common respiratory pathogens and vaccination and prophylactic AMU practices. Linear regression models were used for quantitative AMU analysis and risk factors for specific AMU practices were investigated using logistic regression. Farms that milled their own feed had lower total AMU (p < 0.001), whereas higher finisher mortality (p = 0.043) and vaccinating for swine influenza (p < 0.001) increased AMU. Farms with higher prevalence of pericarditis (p = 0.037) and lung abscesses (p = 0.046) used more group treatments. Farms with higher prevalence of liver milk spot lesions (p = 0.018) and farms practising prophylactic AMU in piglets (p = 0.03) had higher numbers of individual treatments. Farms practising prophylactic AMU in piglets (p = 0.002) or sows (p = 0.062) had higher use of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. This study identified prophylactic use and respiratory disease as the main drivers for AMU in Irish pig production. These findings highlight areas of farm management where interventions may aid in reducing AMU on Irish pig farms.

scholarly journals Frailty Indexed Classification of Bangladeshi Older Adults’ Physio-psychosocial Health and Associated Risk Factors- A Cross-sectional Survey Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Hamiduzzaman ◽  
Saleha Akter ◽  
Zaki Farhana ◽  
Mohammad Kamal Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Frailty is associated with healthy ageing, and it has been identified as a means of measuring older adults’ physio-psychosocial health. We know about the ageing trends and common diseases of older adults living in South Asia, but literature to date does not widely feature their health status based on frailty, especially in Bangladesh. This study aims to understand the prevalence of frailty in Bangladeshi older adults; classify their health status; and investigate associated risk factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the north-eastern region (i.e. Sylhet City Corporation) of Bangladesh. Four hundred participants aged 55 years and above were randomly selected, attended a health assessment session and completed a multi-indicator survey questionnaire. We developed a 30-indicator Frailty Index (FI30) to assess the participant’s health status and categorized: good health (no-frailty/Fit); slightly poor health (mild frailty); poor health (moderate frailty); and very poor health (severe frailty). Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted.Results: The participants’ mean age was 63.6 years, and 61.6% of them were assessed in poor to very poor health (moderate frailty/36.3% - severe frailty/25.3%). The eldest, female and participants from lower family income were found more frailty than their counterparts. Participants aged 70 years and above were more likely (adjusted OR: 4.23, 95 % CI: 2.26–7.92, p < 0.0001) to experience frailty (medical conditions) than the pre-elderly age group (55-59 years). Female participants were more vulnerable (adjusted OR=1.487, 95% CI: 0.84-2.64, p < 0.0174) to frailty (medical conditions) than male. Also, older adults who had higher family income (Income>$473.3) found a lower risk (adjusted OR: 0.294, 95% CI: 0.11-0.76, p<0.011) of frailty (poor health).Conclusion: Our study results confirm the prevalence of frailty-related disorders in Bangladeshi older adults and highlight the importance of targeted clinical and community-led preventive care programs.

Scientific Management 2.0 – A Design Model for Experimental Research in Production Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 1018 ◽  
pp. 571-579
Author(s):  
Günther Schuh ◽  
Thomas Gartzen ◽  
Felix Basse
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
The Poor ◽  
And Performance

Reliable and accurate predictions on future states of production systems are the objective of production theories. In this paper, the authors determined shortcomings of current deterministic models and traced them back to the poor theoretical basis of scientific research in the area. The observations resulted in the development of the conceptScientific Management 2.0as an appropriate research methodology for production management. This new empirical approach takes into account three requirements to scientifically precise investigations: It expands existing theory by socio-technical aspects, uses embedded experiments as a profound basis for investigation and provides a design that warrants the methodical exactness required. RWTH Aachen’sDemonstration Factoryrepresents an adequate infrastructure to prove feasibility and performance of the new approach.

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