scholarly journals mRNA vaccine: a potential therapeutic strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Ziqi Zhang ◽  
Jingwen Luo ◽  
Xuejiao Han ◽  
Yuquan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Immunological Study ◽  
Sequence Optimization ◽  
Replicon Particle ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Fight Against Cancer

AbstractmRNA vaccines have tremendous potential to fight against cancer and viral diseases due to superiorities in safety, efficacy and industrial production. In recent decades, we have witnessed the development of different kinds of mRNAs by sequence optimization to overcome the disadvantage of excessive mRNA immunogenicity, instability and inefficiency. Based on the immunological study, mRNA vaccines are coupled with immunologic adjuvant and various delivery strategies. Except for sequence optimization, the assistance of mRNA-delivering strategies is another method to stabilize mRNAs and improve their efficacy. The understanding of increasing the antigen reactiveness gains insight into mRNA-induced innate immunity and adaptive immunity without antibody-dependent enhancement activity. Therefore, to address the problem, scientists further exploited carrier-based mRNA vaccines (lipid-based delivery, polymer-based delivery, peptide-based delivery, virus-like replicon particle and cationic nanoemulsion), naked mRNA vaccines and dendritic cells-based mRNA vaccines. The article will discuss the molecular biology of mRNA vaccines and underlying anti-virus and anti-tumor mechanisms, with an introduction of their immunological phenomena, delivery strategies, their importance on Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related clinical trials against cancer and viral diseases. Finally, we will discuss the challenge of mRNA vaccines against bacterial and parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals Inhibiting the integrated stress response pathway prevents aberrant chondrocyte differentiation thereby alleviating chondrodysplasia

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Zhijia Tan ◽  
Ben Niu ◽  
Kwok Yeung Tsang ◽  
Andrew Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Chondrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Integrated Stress Response ◽  
Stress Response Pathway ◽  
Skeletal Disorders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated by diverse forms of cellular stress, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and is associated with diseases. However, the molecular mechanism(s) whereby the ISR impacts on differentiation is incompletely understood. Here, we exploited a mouse model of Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia type Schmid (MCDS) to provide insight into the impact of the ISR on cell fate. We show the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway that mediates preferential synthesis of ATF4 and CHOP, dominates in causing dysplasia by reverting chondrocyte differentiation via ATF4-directed transactivation of Sox9. Chondrocyte survival is enabled, cell autonomously, by CHOP and dual CHOP-ATF4 transactivation of Fgf21. Treatment of mutant mice with a chemical inhibitor of PERK signaling prevents the differentiation defects and ameliorates chondrodysplasia. By preventing aberrant differentiation, titrated inhibition of the ISR emerges as a rationale therapeutic strategy for stress-induced skeletal disorders.

scholarly journals Skin and Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: Gaining Insight Into the Pathophysiology of It and Finding Novel Therapeutic Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Chen ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Wu Zhu ◽  
Yehong Kuang ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Psoriasis affects the health of myriad populations around the world. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, and the exact driving factor remains unclear. This condition arises from the interaction between hyperproliferative keratinocytes and infiltrating immune cells, with poor prognosis and high recurrence. Better clinical treatments remain to be explored. There is much evidence that alterations in the skin and intestinal microbiome play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and restoration of the microbiome is a promising preventive and therapeutic strategy for psoriasis. Herein, we have reviewed recent studies on the psoriasis-related microbiome in an attempt to confidently identify the “core” microbiome of psoriasis patients, understand the role of microbiome in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and explore new therapeutic strategies for psoriasis through microbial intervention.

scholarly journals Study on prevalence of bovine diseases at sadar upazila in dinajpur district of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moktar Omar Mohammed ◽  
Md Shajedur Rahman ◽  
Md Fazlul Hoque ◽  
Nazmi Ara Rumi ◽  
Osman Hassan Afrah
Keyword(s):  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Cattle Diseases ◽  
The Status

The study was conducted to investigate the status of cattle diseases with relation to seasonal variation in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. A total of 11402 clinical cases were registered for the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic purposes at sadar upazila veterinary hospital in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh during the period of March, 2016 to February, 2017. Disease diagnosis was made on the basis of owner’s statement, general examination and clinical signs. Diagnosed diseases were categorized as general clinical disorders, parasitic diseases, viral diseases, bacterial diseases, venereal disease, and metabolic disorders. According to study the highest (64.15%) prevalence was by parasitic disease followed by bacterial diseases (10.67%), viral diseases (8.97%), metabolic disease (7.61%), and venereal disease (6.60%). In respect of seasons, the prevalence of both bacterial diseases and viral diseases were significantly (p<0.01) higher (13.88%) and (12.10%) in summer season respectively. Whereas the parasitic diseases were significantly (p<0.01) higher (68.65%) in winter season. On the basis of season, it was found that the overall prevalence of diseases was highest in summer season (47.87%) followed by rainy season (30.10%) and comparatively lower in winter season (22.03%).Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 446-453

scholarly journals N-Heterocycles Scaffolds as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors. Design, Synthesis, Biological and Docking Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9512
Author(s):  
Alfredo Fuentes-Gutiérrez ◽  
Everardo Curiel-Quesada ◽  
José Correa-Basurto ◽  
Alberto Martínez-Muñoz ◽  
Alicia Reyes-Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Quorum Sensing Inhibition ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Docking Simulations ◽  
Quorum Sensing Inhibitors ◽  
Insight Into

Quorum sensing is a communication system among bacteria to sense the proper time to express their virulence factors. Quorum sensing inhibition is a therapeutic strategy to block bacterial mechanisms of virulence. The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate new bioisosteres of N-acyl homoserine lactones as Quorum sensing inhibitors in Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 by quantifying the specific production of violacein. Five series of compounds with different heterocyclic scaffolds were synthesized in good yields: thiazoles, 16a–c, thiazolines 17a–c, benzimidazoles 18a–c, pyridines 19a–c and imidazolines 32a–c. All 15 compounds showed activity as Quorum sensing inhibitors except 16a. Compounds 16b, 17a–c, 18a, 18c, 19c and 32b exhibited activity at concentrations of 10 µM and 100 µM, highlighting the activity of benzimidazole 18a (IC50 = 36.67 µM) and 32b (IC50 = 85.03 µM). Pyridine 19c displayed the best quorum sensing inhibition activity (IC50 = 9.66 µM). Molecular docking simulations were conducted for all test compounds on the Chromobacterium violaceum CviR protein to gain insight into the process of quorum sensing inhibition. The in-silico data reveal that all 15 the compounds have higher affinity for the protein than the native AHL ligand (1). A strong correlation was found between the theoretical and experimental results.

scholarly journals Emerging Viral Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Jamal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Khwaja Nazim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
New Host ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

Human life is intricately related to it’s surrounding environment which also harbors other animals and some deadly infectious pathogens. Any threat to the environment can thus increase the threat of new and so-called ‘emerging infectious diseases’ (EIDs) especially novel viral infections called ‘emerging viral diseases’. This occurs partly due to changing climate as well as human interference with nature and animal life. An important event in new disease emergence is genetic changes in the pathogen that make it possible to become established in a new host species, productively infect new individuals in the new hosts (typically humans) and create local, regional or worldwide health threats. The world has witnessed some emerging and deadly viral threats in recent past with huge mortality and morbidity. Among them were severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), bird flu, swine flu, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), ebola virus disease. Moreover some disease has caused great concern in certain regions including Bangladesh in terms of morbidity, like Nipah virus, Zika virus, Dengue and Chikungunya fever. Here in this article an attempt was made to briefly describe some of these emerging viral infections.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(3): 224-232

1123 UNDERSTANDING INTEGRIN SIGNALLING DURING LIVER FIBROSIS PROVIDES INSIGHT INTO THEIR MODULATION AS A THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY TO TREAT THE DISEASE

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S458
Author(s):  
K. Martin ◽  
J. Pritchett ◽  
E. Harvey ◽  
V. Athwal ◽  
C. Streuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Computational Insight into the Effect of Natural Compounds on the Destabilization of Preformed Amyloid-β(1-40) Fibrils

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Tavanti ◽  
Alfonso Pedone ◽  
Maria Cristina Menziani
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Insoluble Form ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Insight Into

One of the principal hallmarks of Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease (AD) is related to the aggregation of amyloid-&beta; fibrils in an insoluble form in the brain, also known as amyloidosis. Therefore, a prominent therapeutic strategy against AD consists either in blocking the amyloid aggregation and/or destroying the already formed aggregates. Natural products have shown significant therapeutic potential as amyloid inhibitors from in vitro studies as well as in vivo animal tests. In this study, the interaction of five natural biophenols (curcumin, dopamine, (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Quercetin, and Rosmarinic acid) with the amyloid-&beta;(1-40) fibrils has been studied through computational simulations. The results allowed the identification and characterization of the different binding modalities of each compounds and their consequences on fibril dynamics and aggregation. It emerges that the lateral aggregation of the fibrils is strongly influenced by the intercalation of the ligands, which modulate the double-layered structure stability.

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