scholarly journals Recent advances in selective photothermal therapy of tumor

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Zhao ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxia Wang ◽  
Xiuwen Guan ◽  
Weifeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conversion Function ◽  
Laser Exposure ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Systemic Distribution ◽  
New Research

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT), which converts light energy to heat energy, has become a new research hotspot in cancer treatment. Although researchers have investigated various ways to improve the efficiency of tumor heat ablation to treat cancer, PTT may cause severe damage to normal tissue due to the systemic distribution of photothermal agents (PTAs) in the body and inaccurate laser exposure during treatment. To further improve the survival rate of cancer patients and reduce possible side effects on other parts of the body, it is still necessary to explore PTAs with high selectivity and precise treatment. In this review, we summarized strategies to improve the treatment selectivity of PTT, such as increasing the accumulation of PTAs at tumor sites and endowing PTAs with a self-regulating photothermal conversion function. The views and challenges of selective PTT were discussed, especially the prospects and challenges of their clinical applications.

Touchy-Feely History: The ‘Stuff’ of American Culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-18
Author(s):  
Lauren Rebecca Sklaroff
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
New Research

This state of the field essay examines recent trends in American Cultural History, focusing on music, race and ethnicity, material culture, and the body. Expanding on key themes in articles featured in the special issue of Cultural History, the essay draws linkages to other important literatures. The essay argues for more a more serious consideration of the products within popular culture, less as a reflection of social or economic trends, rather for their own historical significance. While the essay examines some classic texts, more emphasis is on work published within the last decade. Here, interdisciplinary methods are stressed, as are new research perspectives developing by non-western historians.

scholarly journals Understanding mitochondrial myopathies: a review

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhimanyu S. Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Mitochondrial Myopathies ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
New Research

Mitochondria are small, energy-producing structures vital to the energy needs of the body. Genetic mutations cause mitochondria to fail to produce the energy needed by cells and organs which can cause severe disease and death. These genetic mutations are likely to be in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), or possibly in the nuclear DNA (nDNA). The goal of this review is to assess the current understanding of mitochondrial diseases. This review focuses on the pathology, causes, risk factors, symptoms, prevalence data, symptomatic treatments, and new research aimed at possible preventions and/or treatments of mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial myopathies are mitochondrial diseases that cause prominent muscular symptoms such as muscle weakness and usually present with a multitude of symptoms and can affect virtually all organ systems. There is no cure for these diseases as of today. Treatment is generally supportive and emphasizes symptom management. Mitochondrial diseases occur infrequently and hence research funding levels tend to be low in comparison with more common diseases. On the positive side, quite a few genetic defects responsible for mitochondrial diseases have been identified, which are in turn being used to investigate potential treatments. Speech therapy, physical therapy, and respiratory therapy have been used in mitochondrial diseases with variable results. These therapies are not curative and at best help with maintaining a patient’s current abilities to move and function.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF FOOT-PLATE SPACING FOR SWIVEL WALKERS BY AN OPTIMIZATION METHOD

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsiu Cheng ◽  
Liang-Wey Chang ◽  
Kwan-Hwa Lin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
Biped Locomotion ◽  
Optimal Design Problem ◽  
Plate Spacing ◽  
Feasible Range

Swivel walkers have been useful devices in ambulation for many young paraplegic patients for being advantageous in providing reliable stability, easy handling, and hands-free walking. The placement of the foot-plates on swivel walkers affects the gait efficiency. However, the determination of the foot-plate spacing has been purely empirical and no theoretical work has been attempted before. This study aimed to develop a dynamic model of the swivel walker in the coronal plane to formulate an optimal design problem such that the energy loss due to impact could be computed and minimized within a feasible range of the coronal-plane movement. Children of heights from 0.75 to 1.45 m and weights from 15 to 45 kg fitted with the conventional swivel walkers were simulated. The results indicated that the range of the foot-plate spacing was roughly between 1/4 and 1/6 of the body heights. A regression formula was also derived to estimate foot-plate spacing with respect to the heights and weights of the simulated subjects for clinical applications. We conclude that the theoretical framework not only builds a foundation to determine the foot-plate spacing, but also reveals the dynamic behavior of the swivel walkers in the coronal plane. The results could be applied to the design of other biped locomotion systems.

Bioresorbable Composites and Implant

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Divya Zindani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Intended Function ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modification Rate

Different biomaterials in the form of ceramics, metal alloys, composites, glasses, polymers, etc. have gained wide-range acceptance in the realm of medical sciences. Bioimplants from such biomaterials have been constructed and used widely for different clinical applications. With the continual progress, biomaterials that may be resorbed inside the body have been developed. These have done away with the major challenge of removal of an implant after it has served its intended function. Important factors are taken into consideration in design and development of implants from such biomaterials are mechanical properties, degradation rate, surface modification, rate of corrosion, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Given the importance of such materials in clinical applications, the chapter presents an overview of the bioresorable composites and their implants. The related properties and the functions served have been outlined briefly. Further, the challenges associated and the remedies to overcome them have also been delineated.

Bioresorbable Composites and Implant

2021 ◽  
pp. 443-456
Author(s):  
Divya Zindani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Intended Function ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modification Rate

Different biomaterials in the form of ceramics, metal alloys, composites, glasses, polymers, etc. have gained wide-range acceptance in the realm of medical sciences. Bioimplants from such biomaterials have been constructed and used widely for different clinical applications. With the continual progress, biomaterials that may be resorbed inside the body have been developed. These have done away with the major challenge of removal of an implant after it has served its intended function. Important factors are taken into consideration in design and development of implants from such biomaterials are mechanical properties, degradation rate, surface modification, rate of corrosion, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Given the importance of such materials in clinical applications, the chapter presents an overview of the bioresorable composites and their implants. The related properties and the functions served have been outlined briefly. Further, the challenges associated and the remedies to overcome them have also been delineated.

Translating the Biblical Hebrew WordNepheshin Light of New Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Richard Pleijel
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Hebrew Word ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Directions ◽  
New Research

In this paper, the translation of the Biblical Hebrew word nephesh is discussed in light of new research. The starting point for the paper is a 1976 article in The Bible Translator that discusses the translation of nephesh based on the idea that it is a monistic entity referring to human beings as such. It is shown that this view was most representative for the exegetical consensus of the time of the article. However, a fair amount of new research points out new directions for interpreting nephesh as an entity or essence that was perceived as being separable from the body. This is also confirmed by research on cognate ancient Near Eastern concepts. It is argued that this should affect our way of translating the word nephesh.

scholarly journals Polypeptide-Based Gold Nanoshells for Photothermal Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine M. Mayle ◽  
Kathryn R. Dern ◽  
Vincent K. Wong ◽  
Shijun Sung ◽  
Ke Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Gold Nanoshells ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Laser Exposure ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Block Copolypeptide

Targeted killing of cancer cells by engineered nanoparticles holds great promise for noninvasive photothermal therapy applications. We present the design and generation of a novel class of gold nanoshells with cores composed of self-assembled block copolypeptide vesicles with photothermal properties. Specifically, poly(L-lysine)60- block-poly(L-leucine)20 (K60L20) block copolypeptide vesicles coated with a thin layer of gold demonstrate enhanced absorption of light due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the near-infrared range. We show that the polypeptide-based K60L20 gold nanoshells have low toxicity in the absence of laser exposure, significant heat generation upon exposure to near-infrared light, and, as a result, localized cytotoxicity within the region of laser irradiation in vitro. To gain a better understanding of our gold nanoshells in the context of photothermal therapy, we developed a comprehensive mathematical model for heat transfer and experimentally validated this model by predicting the temperature as a function of time and position in our experimental setup. This model can be used to predict which parameters of our gold nanoshells can be manipulated to improve heat generation for tumor destruction. To our knowledge, our results represent the first ever use of block copolypeptide vesicles as the core material of gold nanoshells.

scholarly journals Sources and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Berebichez-Fridman ◽  
Pablo R. Montero-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

First discovered by Friedenstein in 1976, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found throughout the body that share a fixed set of characteristics. Discovered initially in the bone marrow, this cell source is considered the gold standard for clinical research, although various other sources—including adipose tissue, dental pulp, mobilised peripheral blood and birth-derived tissues—have since been identified. Although similar, MSCs derived from different sources possess distinct characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, including their differentiation potential and proliferation capacity, which influence their applicability. Hence, they may be used for specific clinical applications in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This review article summarises current knowledge regarding the various sources, characteristics and therapeutic applications of MSCs.Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Adult Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine; Cell Differentiation; Tissue Engineering.

scholarly journals Flesh-and-blood knowing

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de Souza Bispo ◽  
Silvia Gherardi
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Practice Based Research ◽  
New Research ◽  
Embodied Practice ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to offer a perspective to interpret qualitative data drawing on the introduction of the notion of “embodied practice-based research”. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on a comprehensive literature review to support a meta-theoretical approach, we developed a theoretical essay. Findings The body is not only a field of studies but a mean of study as well. The embodied practice-based research is an inquiry style to access the tacit texture of social action and cognition. Practical implications Embodied practice-based research may impact qualitative researchers’ education and the way to report methodological proceedings and data report. Originality/value The core contribution of the paper is the introduction of a new research style able to change how researchers’ bodies may be used in qualitative management research.

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