scholarly journals Experiencing earthquake in the first trimester of the fetal life increases subsequent diabetes risk in the adulthood: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Mei Song ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Xiao-chuan Zhao ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Tangshan Earthquake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective To investigate the long-term effect of prenatal exposure to earthquake stress on diabetes risk in the adulthood. Methods This study included employees of Tangshan Kailuan Mining Group between July 29, 1976 and April 28, 1977. The exposure group included subjects who experienced the Tangshan Earthquake during their prenatal period and who had lived in Tangshan since birth. The non-exposure group included subjects who were born 1–1.9 years after the earthquake and who had lived in Tangshan since birth. A questionnaire was designed that included sociodemographic information, conditions during pregnancy, and earthquake experience. Anthropometric measurements including height and weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference were made. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid profiles were also determined. Results Totally 947 subjects were included with 397 subjects in the exposed group and 550 subjects in the non-exposed group. The diabetes rate is significant different in these four groups(χ2 =8.045, P = 0.045). Moreover, 11.8, 7.5 and 8.0% of the subjects who were exposed to earthquake in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy had diabetes. 5.1% of the subjects had diabetes in non-exposure group. Our multivariate analysis showed that 1st trimester (OR 2.481, 95%CI 1.02, 6.034; P = 0.045) and loss of family members during earthquake (OR 2.452, 95%CI 1.293, 4.653; P = 0.006) were associated with significantly increased risk of diabetes. Conclusions Exposure to earthquake during the first trimester of pregnancy and experience of family member loss in the earthquake significantly increased the subsequent risk of diabetes in the middle age (36–39 years of age). Our data suggest that earthquake experience in the early pregnancy has a longer-term effect on diabetes risk during adulthood.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of susceptibility and effect in car painters exposed to organic solvents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Varona-Uribe ◽  
Milciades Ibáñez-Pinilla ◽  
Leonardo Briceno-Ayala ◽  
Diego Herrera ◽  
Lilian Chuaire-Noack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Introduction: Car painters are routinely exposed to organic solvents classified as carcinogenic and mutagenic substances. Objective: To characterize the population susceptibility and evaluate the genotoxic effects of exposure to organic solvents. Methods: A cross-sectional study comparing a group of car painters exposed to organic solvents with a non-exposed group. CYP2E1 polymorphisms and the presence of micronuclei in lymphocytes were determined. Results: One hundred twenty-two workers participated in the study: 62 who worked in car paint shops and were exposed to solvents, and 60 who were not exposed. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding micronucleated cells and nucleoplasmic bridges frequencies (p=0.042 and p=0.046, respectively; exact likelihood ratio). Significant differences were found at the interaction between the CYP2E1 genotype c1c1 and occupational exposure to solvents, with higher frequencies of micronuclei (p= 0.013) and micronucleated cells (p= 0.015). However, when the frequencies of micronuclei, micronucleated cells and nucleoplasmic bridges in the exposure group were compared between the c1c1 and c2c2/c1c2 allele groups of the CYP2E1 polymorphism, statistically significant differences were found. Conclusions: This study confirms that when workers with CYP2E1 polymorphisms, specifically the c1c1 genotype, are exposed to organic solvents, they are more likely to have somatic cell mutations, a condition associated with increased susceptibility to diseases such as cancer

Seasonal Influence on the Numbers of Gender-Related Orofacial Cleft Conceptions in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562098769
Author(s):  
Lisanne M. van der Lek ◽  
Shariselle M.W. Pool ◽  
Kim de Jong ◽  
Christl Vermeij-Keers ◽  
Chantal M. Mouës-Vink
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: In the multifactorial etiology of orofacial clefts (OFCs), environmental factors play an important role. To trace the influence of these factors, the timing of the cell biological mechanisms that occur during embryological development of the primary and secondary palates must be taken into account. That is, the fusion process of the facial and palatal processes, respectively, followed by their differentiation into bone and musculature, which take place during the first trimester of pregnancy. During this period, harmful seasonal influences such as viral infections and vitamin deficiencies could induce OFC in the embryo. Aims: The aim of this study is to find out whether a seasonal conception period with an increased risk of OFC development exists, particularly gender related. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on children with OFC born in the Netherlands from 2006 to 2016. Total conception rates of live births in the Netherlands were used as a control group. χ2 tests were performed to analyze monthly and seasonal differences. Males and females, positive and negative family history and subphenotype groups based on fusion and/or differentiation (F- and/or D-) defects, and their timing in embryogenesis were analyzed separately. Results: In total, 1653 children with OFC, 1041 males and 612 females, were analyzed. Only males with FD-defects showed a significant seasonal variation with an increase in conceptions during spring, most often in May. Conclusions: Males with FD-defects showed a significant seasonal variation with an increase in conceptions during spring. No other seasonal trends could be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Glycemic Control during Pregnancy—A Predictor of Vitamin C Status at Labor in Type 1 Diabetic Women?

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Bente Juhl ◽  
Finn F. Lauszus ◽  
Jens Lykkesfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Several experimental studies have suggested that vitamin C (vitC) deficiency during pregnancy may be detrimental to fetal development, and observational studies have shown that vitC status is lower during pregnancy and in people with diabetes. A cross-sectional study in pregnant type 1 diabetic women found that poor maternal vitC status was a significant predictor for obstetric complications of pregnancy when measured within four weeks before labor. The plasma vitC concentration was significantly negatively correlated to HbA1c, the biomarker of glycemic control well-known to be associated with the outcome of the diabetic pregnancy. Here, we evaluated HbA1c during pregnancy in relation to the measured vitC levels in late pregnancy based on data from 46 women from the same cohort. Regression analysis showed that HbA1c of first trimester, the combined mean HbA1c of first and second trimester, mean HbA1c of the whole pregnancy (first, second and third trimester combined), and HbA1c of third trimester alone were all associated with vitC in late pregnancy (p = 0.03, n = 45; p = 0.034, n = 43; p = 0.017, n = 42; and p = 0.008, n = 46, respectively). In third trimester, when adjusted for creatinine clearance, the association between vitC and HbA1c persisted (p = 0.029). Women in third trimester with HbA1c above 7.0% had an increased risk of having poor vitC status compared to women with HbA1c below this level (11 out of 21 vs. 2 out of 25 women, p < 0.001). The results suggest that high HbA1c is associated with poor maternal vitC status and potentially inadequate supply of vitC for the neonate. HbA1c may thus be a relevant substitute biomarker for identifying pregnant women who might benefit from vitC supplementation.

Anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies are associated with pregnancy loss in women with the lupus anticoagulant

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (05) ◽  
pp. 796-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sailer ◽  
Claudia Zoghlami ◽  
Christine Kurz ◽  
Helmut Rumpold ◽  
Peter Quehenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryThe presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) predisposes to fetal loss and to venous and arterial thrombosis; however, a subgroup of women is unaffected by pregnancy loss. Currently, no predictive markers are available for the identification of women positive for LA at increased risk for pregnancy loss. It was the aim of our study to investigate whether increased anti-β2-GPI-antibodies predict pregnancy loss in women positive for LA. We performed a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 39 women with persistent LA, who had in total 111 pregnancies. Fifteen women had exclusively normal pregnancies (30 pregnancies) and 24 women had pregnancy losses (81 pregnancies). Anti-β2-GPI-antibodies were determined using a semiquantitative enzyme linked immunoassay (QUANTA Lite™ β2 GPI IgG and IgM; Inova Diagnostics). Increased levels of anti-β2-GPI antibodies were significantly associated with pregnancy loss [odds ratio (OR) 9.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6 – 56.4].This risk was even higher in the subgroup of women (n=16) with more than two miscarriages or fetal loss after the first trimester [OR 13.1, 95% CI 1.4 – 126.3]. There was no significant association between anticardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss [OR 3.5, 95% CI 0.7 – 17.6].The coexistence of anti-β2-GPI and anticardiolipin antibodies was also predictive for pregnancy loss [OR 6.1, 95%CI 1.3 – 29.7]. Interestingly, the prevalence of thrombosis was similar between women with normal pregnancy (87%) and those with pregnancy loss (75%). We conclude that increased levels of anti-β2-GPI antibodies are predictive for pregnancy loss among women positive for LA, and that prophylactic treatment should be considered in these women even without a history of previous pregnancy loss.

scholarly journals A clinicopathological study of gestational trophoblastic disease in a tertiary care centre of southern Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169
Author(s):  
Sailendra K. Thakuria ◽  
Monoj K. Deka ◽  
Shah A. Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) covers a wide spectrum of benign and malignant conditions that arise from pregnancies with abnormal trophoblastic tissue development. It is a source of significant morbidity as well as increased risk of mortality from their complications if not identified and treated early enough. Our study aimed at the various clinicopathological features of GTDs along with their prevalence in a tertiary care centre.Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 3 years from January 2017 to December 2019. All GTD cases were retrieved from department registries and analysed.Results: Out of 60 diagnosed cases of GTDs, 57 cases (95%) were Hydatiform mole. Invasive mole and choriocarcinoma were 2 cases (3%) and 1 cases (2%) respectively. Age ranged from 18-37 years. The most commonly affected age group was 20-25 years with 33 cases (55%). Most cases were presented in the first trimester presenting with bleeding per vagina. The majority of GTD cases belonged to blood group A and 50,000-<1,00,000 mlU/mL beta HCG level.Conclusions: Histopathological examination is helpful for confirmation of diagnosis.It is very important to follow up of such patients for early diagnosis of malignant trophoblastic tumors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of obesity among Bangladeshi pregnant women at their first trimester of pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatabdi Goon
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

BACKGROUND: Paradoxically, the escalating global epidemic of maternal obesity coexists with malnutrion in many areas of Bangladesh. This proves a major challenge to obstetric practice from preconception to postpartum due to related comorbid conditions including: maternal death or severe morbidity, gestational diabetes and hypertension, increased risk of early and recurrent miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, thromboembolism, post-caesarean wound infection, postpartum haemorrhage, and low breastfeeding rates. A dramatic increase in birth defects and other pregnancy-induced disorders related to maternal obesity has added millions of dollars to health care costs leading great economical loss to the country.OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to determine the prevalence of obesity among Bangladeshi pregnant women in their 1st trimester of pregnancy.STUDY DESIGN: 426 pregnant women presenting to the antenatal care until of Azimpur maternity hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh were randomly selected for this cross sectional study to determine their weight status using body mass index (BMI, kg/m2).RESULT: 90 (21.2%) pregnant women were reported as obese with pregnancy BMI of >30 kg/m2. 171 (40.1%) and140 (32.8%) pregnant women were reported as overweight and healthy with pregnancy BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m2 and 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, respectively.Statistical analysis revealed obesity and overweight status were found to be significantly associated with age; women aged 31 or above were more likely to be obese (OR=2.5; 95% CI 1.53–3.96) and overweight (OR=3.3; 95% CI 2.15–4.99).CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of increasing trends in obesity among Bangladeshi pregnant women, which poses possible health risks both for mother and child. The findings of this study may act as baseline data for monitoring the effectiveness of national programs for the prevention and control of maternal obesity.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and asymptomatic viral carriage in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Shields ◽  
Sian E Faustini ◽  
Marisol Perez-Toledo ◽  
Sian Jossi ◽  
Erin Aldera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo determine the rates of asymptomatic viral carriage and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers.DesignA cross-sectional study of asymptomatic healthcare workers undertaken on 24/25 April 2020.SettingUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHBFT), UK.Participants545 asymptomatic healthcare workers were recruited while at work. Participants were invited to participate via the UHBFT social media. Exclusion criteria included current symptoms consistent with COVID-19. No potential participants were excluded.InterventionParticipants volunteered a nasopharyngeal swab and a venous blood sample that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies, respectively. Results were interpreted in the context of prior illnesses and the hospital departments in which participants worked.Main outcome measureProportion of participants demonstrating infection and positive SARS-CoV-2 serology.ResultsThe point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 viral carriage was 2.4% (n=13/545). The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24.4% (n=126/516). Participants who reported prior symptomatic illness had higher seroprevalence (37.5% vs 17.1%, χ2=21.1034, p<0.0001) and quantitatively greater antibody responses than those who had remained asymptomatic. Seroprevalence was greatest among those working in housekeeping (34.5%), acute medicine (33.3%) and general internal medicine (30.3%), with lower rates observed in participants working in intensive care (14.8%). BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) ethnicity was associated with a significantly increased risk of seropositivity (OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.23, p=0.01). Working on the intensive care unit was associated with a significantly lower risk of seropositivity compared with working in other areas of the hospital (OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78, p=0.02).Conclusions and relevanceWe identify differences in the occupational risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 between hospital departments and confirm asymptomatic seroconversion occurs in healthcare workers. Further investigation of these observations is required to inform future infection control and occupational health practices.

scholarly journals Illness severity and risk of mental morbidities among patients recovering from COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in the Icelandic population

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049967
Author(s):  
Karen Sól Saevarsdóttir ◽  
Hildur Ýr Hilmarsdóttir ◽  
Ingibjörg Magnúsdóttir ◽  
Arna Hauksdóttir ◽  
Edda Bjork Thordardottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
University Education ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo test if patients recovering from COVID-19 are at increased risk of mental morbidities and to what extent such risk is exacerbated by illness severity.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingIceland.ParticipantsA total of 22 861 individuals were recruited through invitations to existing nationwide cohorts and a social media campaign from 24 April to 22 July 2020, of which 373 were patients recovering from COVID-19.Main outcome measuresSymptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder Scale) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; modified Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5) above screening thresholds. Adjusting for multiple covariates and comorbidities, multivariable Poisson regression was used to assess the association between COVID-19 severity and mental morbidities.ResultsCompared with individuals without a diagnosis of COVID-19, patients recovering from COVID-19 had increased risk of depression (22.1% vs 16.2%; adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.48, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.82) and PTSD (19.5% vs 15.6%; aRR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.75) but not anxiety (13.1% vs 11.3%; aRR 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.64). Elevated relative risks were limited to patients recovering from COVID-19 that were 40 years or older and were particularly high among individuals with university education. Among patients recovering from COVID-19, symptoms of depression were particularly common among those in the highest, compared with the lowest tertile of influenza-like symptom burden (47.1% vs 5.8%; aRR 6.42, 95% CI 2.77 to 14.87), among patients confined to bed for 7 days or longer compared with those never confined to bed (33.3% vs 10.9%; aRR 3.67, 95% CI 1.97 to 6.86) and among patients hospitalised for COVID-19 compared with those never admitted to hospital (48.1% vs 19.9%; aRR 2.72, 95% CI 1.67 to 4.44).ConclusionsSevere disease course is associated with increased risk of depression and PTSD among patients recovering from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Association of breastfeeding and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal parous women: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010 ~ 2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusuk Lee ◽  
Taehong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is important for maternal long-term health benefits and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between BF and Mets and its components among postmenopausal parous Korean women. Methods This cross-sectional study on 10,356 Korean women used nationally representative data from the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016. Anthropometric, laboratory data and manual BP were measured. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of BF with Mets and its components after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A p-value < 0.05 was to be considered statistically significant. Results Mets was present in 42% of the study participants. The BF group had low household income and education level. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group was higher than that in the non-BF group (42.69% vs. 34.76%, p <  0.001). BF was associated with increased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.65, p <  0.001). The BF group was at higher risks for diabetes (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.14–1.98), hypertension (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03–1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02–1.99) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65). Conclusion In this study, BF did not affect decreasing the prevalence of Mets and its components.

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