scholarly journals The role of Chito-oligosaccharide in regulating ovarian germ stem cells function and restoring ovarian function in chemotherapy mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoqi Huang ◽  
Haifeng Ye ◽  
Feiyin Zhu ◽  
Chuan Hu ◽  
Yuehui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
New Research

AbstractIn recent years, the discovery of ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs) has provided a new research direction for the treatment of female infertility. The ovarian microenvironment affects the proliferation and differentiation of OGSCs, and immune cells and related cytokines are important components of the microenvironment. However, whether improving the ovarian microenvironment can regulate the proliferation of OGSCs and remodel ovarian function has not been reported. In this study, we chelated chito-oligosaccharide (COS) with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to track the distribution of COS in the body. COS was given to mice through the best route of administration, and the changes in ovarian and immune function were detected using assays of organ index, follicle counting, serum estrogen (E2) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, and the expression of IL-2 and TNF-α in the ovaries. We found that COS significantly increased the organ index of the ovary and immune organs, reduced the rate of follicular atresia, increased the levels of E2 and AMH hormones, and increased the protein expression of IL-2 and TNF-α in the ovary. Then, COS and OGSCs were co-cultured to observe the combination of COS and OGSCs, and measure the survival rate of OGSCs. With increasing time, the fluorescence intensity of cells gradually increased, and the cytokines IL-2 and TNF-α significantly promoted the proliferation of OGSCs. In conclusion, COS could significantly improve the ovarian and immune function of chemotherapy model mice, and improve the survival rate of OGSCs, which provided a preliminary blueprint for further exploring the mechanism of COS in protecting ovarian function.

scholarly journals The Role of Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Regulating the Function of Ovarian Reproductive Stem Cells and Protecting Against Premature Ovarian Failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoqi Huang ◽  
Haifeng Ye ◽  
Feiyin Zhu ◽  
Chuan Hu ◽  
Yuehui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Ovarian Failure ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Ovarian Aging ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract In recent years, the discovery of ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs) has provided a new research direction for the treatment of ovarian failure. The ovarian microenvironment affects the proliferation and differentiation of OGSCs, and immune cells and related cytokines are important components of the microenvironment. However, whether improving the ovarian microenvironment can regulate the proliferation of OGSCs and remodel ovarian function has not been reported. In this study, we linked chitosan oligosaccharide(COS) with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to select the best route of administration. COS was given to mice through the best route of administration, and the changes in ovarian and immune function were observed using assays of organ index, follicular growth, serum estrogen (E 2 ) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, and the expression of IL-2 and TNF-α in the ovaries. COS significantly increased the weight of the ovary and immune organs, reduced the rate of follicular atresia, increased the levels of E 2 and AMH hormones, and increased the protein expression of IL-2 and TNF-α in the ovary. Then, COS and OGSCs were cocultured to observe the entry of COS into OGSCs and to measure the survival rate of OGSCs. With increasing time, COS gradually entered the cell, and the cytokines IL-2 and TNF-α significantly promoted OGSCs promotion. In conclusion, COS significantly improved the ovarian and immune function of mice with pathological ovarian aging, and improved the survival rate of OGSCs, which provided a preliminary blueprint for further exploring the mechanism of COS in anti ovarian aging.

Tinospora cordifolia Aqueous Extract Alleviates Cyclophosphamide- Induced Immune Suppression, Toxicity and Systemic Candidiasis in Immunosuppressed Mice: In vivo Study in Comparison to Antifungal Drug Fluconazole

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1055-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Alrumaihi ◽  
Khaled S. Allemailem ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
Mohammed A. Alsahli ◽  
Arif Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Systemic Candidiasis ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Enhanced Secretion

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (AETC) against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and systemic Candida albicans infection in a murine model. Methods: The protective effect of AETC against cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analysis of the leukocytes. The immune-stimulating potential of AETC on macrophages was assessed by determining the levels of secreted cytokines. To determine the direct antifungal activity, AETC or fluconazole was administered to C. albicans infected mice. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by determining the survival rate, kidney fungal burden, the organ index and liver inflammation parameters. Results: Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in substantial depletion of leukocytes, whereas AETC treatment induced the recovery of leukocytes in cyclophosphamide-injected mice. Moreover, AETC treatment of macrophages resulted in enhanced secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β. C. albicans infected mice treated with AETC at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg exhibited 40% and 60% survival rate, whereas the mice treated with fluconazole at a dose of 50 mg/kg showed 20% survival rate. Like survival data, the fungal load was found to be the lowest in the kidney tissues of mice treated with AETC at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, mice infected with C. albicans demonstrated improvement in the organ indices and liver functioning after AETC treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that AETC may potentially be used to rejuvenate the weakened immune system and eliminate systemic candidiasis in mice.

The Mechanism of Rhein Ameliorating the Survival Rate of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Improving Myocardial Microenvironment in Acute Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-689
Author(s):  
Xuejun Deng ◽  
Xiaojun He ◽  
Gang Huang ◽  
Dongmei Yu ◽  
Xiaozhen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Immunofluorescence Staining ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Myocardial Tissue ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Myocardial Fibers

Background: The paper investigated the mechanism of Rhein improving the ischemic myocardial microenvironment, promoting the survival rate of transplanted BMSCs and functional recovery of damaged myocardium by alleviating myocardial ERS-mediated hyperinflammation and apoptosis after AMI. Material and Methods: A model of myocardial infarction was established. BLI was used to detect the survival rate of transplanted stem cells at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after surgery. TUNEL staining was used to assess apoptosis. ERS-related protein CHOP immunofluorescence staining was used to assess ERS level. The expressions of ERS-related biomarkers ATF4, CHOP, GRP78 and GRP94 were detected by Western Blot. The inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α and IL- 10 of myocardial tissue were detected by ELISA. CD31 immunization was performed 28 days after surgery. Fluorescence staining was used to assess tissue angiogenesis. Results: Rhein combined with BMSCs could improve cardiac function, decrease apoptosis and myocardial CHOP expression. WB showed that the expressions of ATF4, CHOP, GRP78 and GRP94 in myocardial tissue of MI rats were decreased. ELISA showed that Rhein can inhibit the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α, and promote anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 expression. CD31 immunofluorescence staining showed that Rhein can promote the formation of neovascularization in infarcted myocardium. Conclusion: In AMI, myocardial ERS is activated. Rhein inhibits ERS and the mediated inflammation and oxidative stress after AMI, inhibits apoptosis, improves the survival rate of transplanted BMSCs, enhances BMSCs to promote neovascularization, inhibits myocardial fibers, and improves heart function.

scholarly journals Implications and Current Limitations of Oogenesis from Female Germline or Oogonial Stem Cells in Adult Mammalian Ovaries

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Martin ◽  
Dori Woods ◽  
Jonathan Tilly
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Female Germline

A now large body of evidence supports the existence of mitotically active germ cells in postnatal ovaries of diverse mammalian species, including humans. This opens the possibility that adult stem cells naturally committed to a germline fate could be leveraged for the production of female gametes outside of the body. The functional properties of these cells, referred to as female germline or oogonial stem cells (OSCs), in ovaries of women have recently been tested in various ways, including a very recent investigation of the differentiation capacity of human OSCs at a single cell level. The exciting insights gained from these experiments, coupled with other data derived from intraovarian transplantation and genetic tracing analyses in animal models that have established the capacity of OSCs to generate healthy eggs, embryos and offspring, should drive constructive discussions in this relatively new field to further exploring the value of these cells to the study, and potential management, of human female fertility. Here, we provide a brief history of the discovery and characterization of OSCs in mammals, as well as of the in-vivo significance of postnatal oogenesis to adult ovarian function. We then highlight several key observations made recently on the biology of OSCs, and integrate this information into a broader discussion of the potential value and limitations of these adult stem cells to achieving a greater understanding of human female gametogenesis in vivo and in vitro.

scholarly journals Current Progress in the Endogenous Repair of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration Based on Progenitor Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbin Zhang ◽  
Yiqiang Hu ◽  
Wentian Wang ◽  
Zijun Guo ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
Repair Mechanism ◽  
Intervertebral Disk Degeneration ◽  
New Research ◽  
Ivd Degeneration

Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is one of the most common musculoskeletal disease. Current clinical treatment paradigms for IVD degeneration cannot completely restore the structural and biomechanical functions of the IVD. Bio-therapeutic techniques focused on progenitor/stem cells, especially IVD progenitor cells, provide promising options for the treatment of IVD degeneration. Endogenous repair is an important self-repair mechanism in IVD that can allow the IVD to maintain a long-term homeostasis. The progenitor cells within IVD play a significant role in IVD endogenous repair. Improving the adverse microenvironment in degenerative IVD and promoting progenitor cell migration might be important strategies for implementation of the modulation of endogenous repair of IVD. Here, we not only reviewed the research status of treatment of degenerative IVD based on IVD progenitor cells, but also emphasized the concept of endogenous repair of IVD and discussed the potential new research direction of IVD endogenous repair.

Touchy-Feely History: The ‘Stuff’ of American Culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-18
Author(s):  
Lauren Rebecca Sklaroff
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
New Research

This state of the field essay examines recent trends in American Cultural History, focusing on music, race and ethnicity, material culture, and the body. Expanding on key themes in articles featured in the special issue of Cultural History, the essay draws linkages to other important literatures. The essay argues for more a more serious consideration of the products within popular culture, less as a reflection of social or economic trends, rather for their own historical significance. While the essay examines some classic texts, more emphasis is on work published within the last decade. Here, interdisciplinary methods are stressed, as are new research perspectives developing by non-western historians.

Nutritional Recommendation for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
Anagha Gulhane ◽  
Shamli Hiware
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Life Phase ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Nutritional Recommendation

It is the most unreliable truth that anybody can get infected by the COVID-19, and nobody can escape from the danger of getting tainted by the virus. Yet, the line of hope is that anyone and everyone can boost their resistance, thus avoid the risk of getting affected by the illness. The immunity of humans pulls down as they grow older. If their immune system is robust, them falling sick is feeble. If their resistance is weak, them getting ill is sound. Several factors affect the immune system and its ability, including its nourishment. A two-way connection between nutrition, infection and immunity presents. Changes in one part will affect the others part in our body that's the nature's rule. Well defined immune system quality which is present between each life phase may influence the type, generality and the degree of infections. At the same time, low nutrition to the body will decrease the immune function and expose the body to the danger of getting infected by infectious diseases. Different quantity of micronutrients is required for increasing the immunity power of our body. Generally the vitamins A,C,D,E,B2,B6,B12, iron, zinc and selenium.The deficiencies of micronutrients are acknowledged as a global health issue, and also low nutrition makes it prone to establishes the infections in the body.

A Robust Blind Image Forensic-Detection Method based on Fuzzy Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5926-5929
Keyword(s):  
Research Direction ◽  
Geometric Transformation ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Image Forensic ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽  
Logic Approach ◽  
Tampered Image ◽  
New Research ◽  
Blind Image

Blind forensic-investigation in a digital image is a new research direction in image security. It aims to discover the altered image content without any embedded security scheme. Block and key point based methods are the two dispensation options in blind image forensic investigation. Both the techniques exhibit the best performance to reveal the tampered image. The success of these methods is limited due to computational complexity and detection accuracy against various image distortions and geometric transformation operations. This article introduces different blind image tampering methods and introduces a robust image forensic investigation method to determine the copy-move tampered image by means of fuzzy logic approach. Empirical outcomes facilitate that the projected scheme effectively classifies copy-move type of forensic images as well as blurred tampered image. Overall detection accuracy of this method is high over the existing methods.

Neural Stem Cells to Glial Cells an Important Factor for Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future

Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into any type of cell or organ. Stems cell originate from any part of the body, including the brain. Brain cells or rather neural stem cells have the capacitive advantage of differentiating into the central nervous system leading to the formation of neurons and glial cells. Neural stem cells should have a source by editing DNA, or by mixings chemical enzymes of iPSCs. By this method, a limitless number of neuron stem cells can be obtained. Increase in supply of NSCs help in repairing glial cells which in-turn heal the central nervous system. Generally, brain injuries cause motor and sensory deficits leading to stroke. With all trials from novel therapeutic methods to enhanced rehabilitation time, the economy and quality of life is suppressed. Only PSCs have proven effective for grafting cells into NSCs. Neurons derived from stem cells is the only challenge that limits in-vitro usage in the near future.

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