scholarly journals Chronic locked posterior gleno-humeral dislocation: technical note on fibular grafting for restoration of humeral head sphericity

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Abdel-Mordy Kandeel
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Humeral Head ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Bone Preservation ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Technical Simplicity ◽  
Future Revision ◽  
Fibular Grafting

Abstract Background Reconstruction of reverse Hill-Sachs defect using osteo-chondral allograft has the advantages of spherical re-contouring and provision of smooth biological articular surface of the reconstructed humeral head. However, worldwide availability and risk of disease transmission of osteo-chondral allograft remain points of increasing concerns. As an alternative to lacking osteo-chondral allograft, the current technical note describes a reconstructive technique of reverse Hill-Sachs defect using autologous fibular grafting. Methods Following open reduction of the dislocated humeral head, reverse Hill-Sachs defect was reconstructed using 3–4 autologous fibular pieces (each is of 10 mm in length) fixed in flush with the articular cartilage using 4-mm cancellous screws. Defect reconstruction was then followed by modified McLaughlin’s transfer and posterior capsulorrhaphy. Results Spherical contour of the humeral head and gleno-humeral range of motion were restored. Intra-operative dynamic testing of the reconstruct revealed no residual posterior gleno-humeral instability. Conclusion Currently reported technique might offer advantages of graft availability, technical simplicity, familiarity and reproducibility, safety (i.e. no disease transmission) and bone preservation facilitating future revision management (if needed). Nevertheless, long-term outcomes of this technique should be investigated via further cohort clinical studies.

Strategy for Tissue Engineering of Osteochondral Constructs

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Takai ◽  
X. Edward Guo ◽  
Helen H. Lu ◽  
Michelle A. LeRoux ◽  
Priya Raina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Donor Site Pain ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Total Knee

Damage to articular cartilage is a common condition affecting the joints of millions of people. This is a major problem considering the poor regenerative capacity of adult articular cartilage and the disability and pain that accompanies these injuries [13]. There exists a range of options that have been applied in clinical practice, with variable degrees of success, for repair of focal lesions and damage of the articular surface, including tissue adhesives [1,6,11,12,18], enzymatic treatments [8] and laser solder welding [21], autograft cell/tissue transfer via osteoperiosteal grafts [17], osteochondral grafts (mosaicplasty) [10] and Carticel [4,5]. The poor healing capacity of articular cartilage [13], potential for donor site pain and morbidity in autograft procedures, risk of disease transmission in allograft procedures, and the limited longevity of arthroplasty systems (i.e., ∼15 years for a total knee arthroplasty), has generated considerable research efforts to develop cell-based therapies for articular cartilage repair and replacement.

scholarly journals Livestock movement informs the risk of disease spread in traditional production systems in East Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divine Ekwem ◽  
Thomas A. Morrison ◽  
Richard Reeve ◽  
Jessica Enright ◽  
Joram Buza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Risk Of Disease

AbstractIn Africa, livestock are important to local and national economies, but their productivity is constrained by infectious diseases. Comprehensive information on livestock movements and contacts is required to devise appropriate disease control strategies; yet, understanding contact risk in systems where herds mix extensively, and where different pathogens can be transmitted at different spatial and temporal scales, remains a major challenge. We deployed Global Positioning System collars on cattle in 52 herds in a traditional agropastoral system in western Serengeti, Tanzania, to understand fine-scale movements and between-herd contacts, and to identify locations of greatest interaction between herds. We examined contact across spatiotemporal scales relevant to different disease transmission scenarios. Daily cattle movements increased with herd size and rainfall. Generally, contact between herds was greatest away from households, during periods with low rainfall and in locations close to dipping points. We demonstrate how movements and contacts affect the risk of disease spread. For example, transmission risk is relatively sensitive to the survival time of different pathogens in the environment, and less sensitive to transmission distance, at least over the range of the spatiotemporal definitions of contacts that we explored. We identify times and locations of greatest disease transmission potential and that could be targeted through tailored control strategies.

Characteristics of diluted-stored and post-thawed semen of Hutsul stallions

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Sperm Bank ◽  
Resource Protection ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Genetic Reserve ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Abstract The use of frozen semen lowers the risk of disease transmission, eliminates geographical limitations and supports the implementation of genetic resource protection programs. However, due to the very rare use of frozen semen from Hutsul stallions, their genetic material is not secured in sperm banks, and very little information is available about their semen, including its suitability for cryopreservation, and sperm survival rates after thawing. The aim of this study was to analyse basic parameters such as sperm motility, vitality and morphology in diluted-stored and post-thawed Hutsul semen, using a CASA system. There were no differences in sperm motility (P = 0.3372) or morphology between the groups, although the progressive motility was higher in thawed semen (P = 0.0151), while the sperm vitality was higher in diluted-stored semen (P = 0.00517). This study demonstrates that semen from Hutsul horses is suitable for cryopreservation, thus supporting the creation of a sperm bank as a genetic reserve for representatives of this breed.

scholarly journals Telemedicine: A Paradigm Shift in Healthcare in the wake of COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Saha ◽  
Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Government ◽  
Institutional Challenges

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the delivery of essential healthcare services in India. The massive disruption of the routine healthcare services had been circumvented to a certain extent with the application of telemedicine. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of India has issued regulatory guidelines and approved Registered Medical Practitioners (RMP) to adopt the usage of teleconsultation service which can be real-time or asynchronous to minimise the risk of disease transmission. The commentary provides an in-depth review of the regulatory guidelines implemented by the Government of India and discusses the inherent structural and fundamental challenges associated with its wide scale adoption, accessibility, and utilisation. Though the Government of India had issued national guidelines to promote safe and effective usage of telemedicine practice, there remains certain primary structural, technical and institutional challenges regarding expansion of uninterrupted services to periurban and rural peripheral health facilities and its nationwide sustainability. The article demands the attention of the policymakers and relevant stakeholders to identify the inherent bottlenecks intrinsic to the guidelines and amend the regulatory framework accordingly to ensure its long-term sustainability.

scholarly journals Pembinaan dan Pendampingan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Hidayatul Insan Kota Palangkaraya

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Nurhalina Nurhalina ◽  
Suratno Suratno ◽  
Jarot Marchel
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Healthy Behavior ◽  
Behavior Development ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Household Health Survey on 2013 shows that 60% children�s disease in Palangka Raya continue to increase especially related to clean and healthy behavior. Islamic Primary School (MI) Hidayatul Insan Palangka Raya is one of primary education institution in Palangka Raya at risk of disease transmission. It is because the school has not implement clean and healthy behavior in the school environtment optimally. Clean and healthy behavior development and accompaniment in MI Hidayatul Insan Palangka Raya aimed to provide assistance to the school in planning clean and healthy behavior policy, supporting infrastructure preparation, education, observation and evaluation of clean and healthy behavior implementation. The method of the communty service involved preparation, implementation and evaluation. The output of the community service were the school has implemented clean and healthy behavior; clean and healthy school environtment; increasing student achievement; and increasing public interest to send their children to the school.

scholarly journals Livestock Movement Informs the Risk of Disease Spread in Traditional Production Systems in East Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divine Ekwem ◽  
Thomas A. Morrison ◽  
Richard Reeve ◽  
Jessica Enright ◽  
Joram Buza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Cattle Movements ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Abstract In Africa, livestock are important to local and national economies, but their productivity is constrained by infectious diseases. Comprehensive information on livestock movements and contacts is required to devise appropriate disease control strategies; yet, understanding contact risk in systems where herds mix extensively, and where different pathogens can be transmitted at different spatial and temporal scales, remains a major challenge. We deployed Global Positioning System collars on cattle in 52 herds in a traditional agropastoral system in western Serengeti, Tanzania, to understand fine-scale movements and between-herd contacts, and to identify locations of greatest interaction between herds. We examined contact across spatiotemporal scales relevant to different disease transmission scenarios. Daily cattle movements increased with herd size and rainfall. Generally, contact was greatest away from households, during periods with low rainfall and in locations close to dipping points. We demonstrate how movements and contacts affect the risk of disease spread. For example, contact rate was relatively sensitive to the survival time of different pathogens in the environment, and less sensitive to transmission distance, at least over the range of values that we explored. We identify times and locations of greatest disease transmission potential and that could be targeted through tailored control strategies.

scholarly journals Assessment of fomites and infection risk to seniors in recreational curling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Spicer ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Health Promotion And Education ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Background: Seniors participate in sports to improve physical, mental, and social health; however, such activities may increase the risk of illness and injury. Curling is popular in this age group because it is physically manageable, strategic, and provides social connection. Certain factors in curling such as handshaking, play during the flu season, and shared contact with curling stones suggest an increased risk of disease transmission. The purpose of this study was to determine the qualitative risk of communicable enteric disease transmission due to shared contact with curling stone handles in a senior men’s curling league. Methods: 3M™ Quick Swabs were used to sample 22 curling stone handles for total coliforms before a senior’s league game. To analyze microbial shedding during gameplay, the same 22 handles were sampled after the game. Samples were plated on 3M™ Petrifilm™ Coliform Count Plates and incubated at 30ºC ± 1ºC for 24 hours ± 2 hours. Colonies were enumerated in units of CFU (colony forming units)/cm2. Ambient and handle surface temperatures were measured, and curler hygiene-related behaviours documented. Results: Total coliform counts for all samples were 0 CFU/cm2. The ambient temperature was 6.6°C pre-game, and 8.0°C post-game. Mean handle surface temperature was 3.6°C. Hygiene behaviours of concern were hand-face contact, handkerchief/tissue use, and handshaking. Conclusion: There is low risk of enteric disease transmission due to shared contact with curling stone handles by male curlers 55 years and older. Absence of coliforms may have been due to adequate player hygiene, transference of microbial load before sampling, error, or environmental conditions. Health promotion and education can reduce the infection risk elevated by poor hand hygiene, face contact, and handshaking in senior’s curling, thereby protecting the health and welfare of all participants.

How to Assess Risk of Disease Transmission to Patients When There Is a Failure to Follow Recommended Disinfection and Sterilization Guidelines

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Rutala ◽  
David J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Potential Adverse Event ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
High Level

Background.Disinfection and sterilization are critical components of infection control. Unfortunately, breaches of disinfection and sterilization guidelines are not uncommon.Objective.To describe a method for evaluating a potential breach of guidelines for high-level disinfection and sterilization of medical devices.Methods.The appropriate scientific literature was reviewed to determine the frequency of failures of compliance. A risk assessment model was constructed.Results.A 14-step protocol was constructed to aid infection control professionals in the evaluation of potential disinfection and sterilization failures. In addition, a model is presented for aiding in determining how patients should be notified of the potential adverse event. Sample statements and letters are provided for communicating with the public and individual patients.Conclusion.Use of a protocol can guide an institution in managing potential disinfection and sterilization failures.

Social Networks

Urban Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
Abby E. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Barriers To Health ◽  
Distinguishing Features

One of the distinguishing features of urban environments is the close proximity of their residents. There is ample evidence that our social networks influence how we think, feel, and behave and, through doing so, shape our health. Therefore, the challenge and opportunity for urban areas is how to foster social relationships and interactions that promote healthier behaviors, reduce the risk of disease transmission, and remove or serve as buffers against existing barriers to health service utilization. This chapter provides a theoretical framework for thinking about the role of social networks in public health and provides two examples how social network analysis has been used to better understand two major public health concerns in urban settings.

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