Global prevalence and epidemiology of Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Strongyloides stercoralis, a soil-transmitted helminth, occurs in humans, non-human primates, dogs, cats and wild canids. The zoonotic potential between these hosts is not well understood with data available on prevalence primarily focused on humans. To increase knowledge on prevalence, this review and meta-analysis was performed to estimate the global status of S. stercoralis infections in dogs. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, online literature published prior to November 2020 was obtained from multiple databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar). Prevalence was calculated on a global and country level, by country income and climate, and in stray/animal shelter dogs versus owned dogs. Statistical analyses were conducted using R-software (version 3.6.1). Results From 9428 articles, 61 met the inclusion criteria. The estimated pooled global prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs was 6% (95% CI 3–9%). Infection was found to be the most prevalent in low-income countries with pooled prevalence of 22% (95% CI 10–36%). The highest pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs was related to regions with average temperature of 10–20 °C (6%; 95% CI 3–11%), an annual rainfall of 1001–1500 mm (9%; 95% CI 4–15%) and humidity of 40–75% (8%; 95% CI 4–13%). Prevalence was higher in stray and shelter dogs (11%; 95% CI 1–26%) than in owned dogs (3%; 95% CI 1–7%). Conclusions As with S. stercoralis in humans, higher prevalence in dogs is found in subtropical and tropical regions and lower-income countries, locations which also can have high dog populations. While this study presents the first estimated global prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs, it is potentially an underestimation with 15 of 61 studies relying on diagnostic methods of lower sensitivity and a paucity of data from most locations. Standardized protocols (e.g. quantity of feces and number of samples for a Baermann) in future studies could improve reliability of results. More prevalence studies and raising veterinary awareness of S. stercoralis are needed for a One Health approach to protect humans and dogs from the impact of the infection. Graphical Abstract

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Global prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents from 2000 to 2019: A meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16198/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lihui Chen ◽

Shuguang Han ◽

Fengjing Liu ◽

Si Chen ◽

Xiaoting Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Publication Bias ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Global Prevalence ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Comprehensive Search ◽

Trim And Fill ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Studies of the prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents have been limited to specific areas and the global prevalence is unknown. This study was to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents worldwide. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all relevant studies in multiple databases. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents worldwide. Results: The meta-analysis included 13 articles. The pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents was 14.4% (95% CI 9.2–19.5%). Publication bias was observed but the results did not change after a trim and fill test, indicating that the impact of this bias was likely insignificant. Conclusions: Hyperuricemia prevalence in adolescents is high and continues to increase. The prevalence varies with geography, gender, and time. Effective measures should be taken to prevent any further increase in the incidence of adolescent hyperuricemia. Keywords: prevalence, hyperuricemia, adolescents

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Strongyloidiasis in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Prevalence, Diagnostic Methods, and Study Settings

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/2868564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Tadesse Hailu ◽

Endalkachew Nibret ◽

Arancha Amor ◽

Abaineh Munshea

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

African Countries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Low Sensitivity

Background. Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal parasitic infection mainly caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. Although it is a predominant parasite in tropics and subtropics where sanitation and hygiene are poorly practiced, the true prevalence of strongyloidiasis is not known due to low-sensitivity diagnostic methods. Objective. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at determining the pooled prevalence of strongyloidiasis in African countries, stratified by diagnostic methods, study settings, and patients. Methods. Cross-sectional studies on strongyloidiasis published in African countries from the year 2008 up to 2018 in PubMed and Google Scholar databases and which reported at least one Strongyloides spp. infection were included. Identification and screening of eligible articles were also done. Articles whose focus was on strongyloidiasis in animals, soil, and foreigners infected by Strongyloides spp. in Africa were excluded. The random effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of strongyloidiasis across African countries as well as by diagnostic methods and study settings. The heterogeneity between studies was also computed. Result. A total of 82 studies were included. The overall pooled prevalence of strongyloidiasis was 2.7%. By individual techniques, the pooled prevalence of strongyloidiasis was 0.4%, 1.0%, 3.4%, 9.3%, 9.6%, and 19.4% by the respective direct saline microscopy, Kato-Katz, formol ether concentration, polymerase chain reaction, Baermann concentration, and culture diagnostic techniques. The prevalence rates of strongyloidiasis among rural community, school, and health institution studies were 6.8%, 6.4%, and 0.9%, respectively. The variation on the effect size comparing African countries, diagnostic methods, study settings, and patients was significant ( P ≤ 0.001 ). Conclusions. This review shows that strongyloidiasis is overlooked and its prevalence is estimated to be low in Africa due to the use of diagnostic methods with low sensitivity. Therefore, there is a need for using a combination of appropriate diagnostic methods to approach the actual strongyloidiasis rates in Africa.

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Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and diagnostic methods

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/helm-2021-0010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 17-27

Author(s):

T. Hailu ◽

E. Nibret ◽

A. Amor ◽

A. Munshea

Keyword(s):

Addis Ababa ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Effect Analysis ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Random Effect Analysis

Summary Strongyloides stercoralis is a helminthic intestinal parasite that causes the disease strongyloidiasis. Its prevalence is high in tropics and sub-tropics due to poor sanitation and hygiene. However, its true prevalence is not well known in Ethiopia as most health institutions use low sensitive diagnostic methods. This review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis at country, and regional state levels. Papers published on S. stercoralis in Ethiopia from 2010 to 2020 were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar and Science direct databases and Addis Ababa repository. Identification, screening, checking the eligibility, and inclusion of the relevant literatures were done. Articles with S. stercoralis positive results from Ethiopian populations were included. Articles which focused on Strongyloides infection in foreigners, and other than stool samples were excluded. The pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis and heterogeneity between studies and across regions were computed. From the 43 articles, the overall prevalence of S. stercoralis in Ethiopia was 1.82 %. Across regions, relatively high prevalence of S. stercoralis (8.78 %) was recorded in Addis Ababa city. High prevalence of S. stercoralis was found to be 44.02 % with a combination of formol ether concentration, Baermann concentration, and molecular methods. Low prevalence of 0.26 %, 0.31 %, and 1.20 % was evidenced respectively with Kato-Katz, direct saline microscopy, and formol ether concentration methods. Using random effect analysis, the pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis in Ethiopia, across regions and across diagnostic methods was 2.1 % (95 %CI: 1.20 – 3.60), 2.6 % (95 %CI: 0.80 – 8.20) and 3.7 % (95 %CI: 1.10 – 11.70), respectively. The heterogeneity was high (P<0.001). This review revealed that Strongyloides infection is probably underreported and its prevalence could be higher than the reported in Ethiopia. Therefore, a revision of the best combination of diagnostic methods could be advisable as it gives better diagnostic results in routine diagnosis of Strongyloides infection in Ethiopia.

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Diabetes among tuberculosis patients and its impact on tuberculosis treatment in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81057-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sanju Gautam ◽

Nipun Shrestha ◽

Sweta Mahato ◽

Tuan P. A. Nguyen ◽

Shiva Raj Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Treatment Failure ◽

South Asia ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Effect Model ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe escalating burden of diabetes is increasing the risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB) and has a pervasive impact on TB treatment outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the burden of diabetes among TB patients and assess its impact on TB treatment in South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and CINAHL databases were systematically searched for observational (cross-sectional, case–control and cohort) studies that reported prevalence of diabetes in TB patients and published between 1 January 1980 and 30 July 2020. A random-effect model for computing the pooled prevalence of diabetes and a fixed-effect model for assessing its impact on TB treatment were used. The review was registered with PROSPERO number CRD42020167896. Of the 3463 identified studies, a total of 74 studies (47 studies from India, 10 from Pakistan, four from Nepal and two from both Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka) were included in this systematic review: 65 studies for the prevalence of diabetes among TB patients and nine studies for the impact of diabetes on TB treatment outcomes. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in TB patients was 21% (95% CI 18.0, 23.0; I2 98.3%), varying from 11% in Bangladesh to 24% in Sri-Lanka. The prevalence was higher in studies having a sample size less than 300 (23%, 95% CI 18.0, 27.0), studies conducted in adults (21%, 95% CI 18.0, 23.0) and countries with high TB burden (21%, 95% CI 19.0, 24.0). Publication bias was detected based on the graphic asymmetry of the funnel plot and Egger’s test (p < 0.001). Compared with non-diabetic TB patients, patients with TB and diabetes were associated with higher odds of mortality (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.7; 95% CI 1.2, 2.51; I2 19.4%) and treatment failure (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1, 2.4; I2 49.6%), but not associated with Multi-drug resistant TB (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.6, 1.7; I2 40.7%). This study found a high burden of diabetes among TB patients in South Asia. Patients with TB-diabetes were at higher risk of treatment failure and mortality compared to TB alone. Screening for diabetes among TB patients along with planning and implementation of preventive and curative strategies for both TB and diabetes are urgently needed.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that Campylobacter spp. and antibiotic resistance are widespread in humans in sub-Saharan Africa

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245951 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245951

Author(s):

Delfina F. Hlashwayo ◽

Betuel Sigaúque ◽

Emília V. Noormahomed ◽

Sónia M. S. Afonso ◽

Inácio M. Mandomando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Research Priorities ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

African Countries ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Impact

Introduction Campylobacter spp. are zoonotic bacteria that cause gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, whose main symptom is diarrhea. In certain cases, extra intestinal manifestations may occur, such as Guillain Barré syndrome. The bacteria cause severe diarrhea mostly in children and in immunocompromised individuals. This review aims to address the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in humans in sub-Saharan Africa. It also aims to understand the impact of HIV in the prevalence, as well as to report data on antibiotic resistance and propose research priorities. Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines to find studies on the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in humans in all countries from sub-Saharan Africa. Studies published between 2000 and 2020 were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, Google Scholar and Science Direct. We have conducted a random-effect meta-analysis and calculated the proportion of resistant isolates to different antibiotics. Results and discussion We found 77 studies that described such occurrence in humans in 20 out of 53 sub-Saharan African countries. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species. Pooled prevalence was 9.9% (CI: 8.4%–11.6%). No major variations within the different sub-regions were found. Most studies reported Campylobacter spp. as the cause of diarrhea, mainly in children. Some studies reported the bacteria as a possible etiologic agent of acute flaccid paralysis and urinary tract infection. Campylobacter spp. presented a higher pooled prevalence in HIV infected patients, although not statistically significant. High proportions of resistant strains were reported for many antibiotics, including erythromycin and tetracycline. Conclusion Campylobacter spp. occur in sub-Saharan Africa, although information is scarce or inexistent for many countries. Research priorities should include investigation of the understudied species; extra intestinal manifestations; the impact of HIV infection and associated risk factors. Control strategies should be reinforced to contain the spread of this pathogen and drug resistance.

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Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-positive patients and related risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2020025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Ehsan Ahmadpour ◽

Hanie Safarpour ◽

Lihua Xiao ◽

Mehdi Zarean ◽

Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Related Risk ◽

Study Population ◽

Staining Methods

Cryptosporidium is one of the major causes of diarrhea in HIV-positive patients. The aim of this study is to systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in these patients. PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane and Ovid databases were searched for relevant studies dating from the period of 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017. Data extraction for the included studies was performed independently by two authors. The overall pooled prevalence was calculated and subgroup analysis was performed on diagnostic methods, geographical distribution and study population. Meta-regression was performed on the year of publication, proportion of patients with diarrhea, and proportion of patients with CD4 < 200 cells/mL. One hundred and sixty-one studies and 51,123 HIV-positive participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in HIV-positive patients was 11.2% (CI95%: 9.4%–13.0%). The pooled prevalence was estimated to be 10.0% (CI95%: 8.4%–11.8%) using staining methods, 13.5% (CI95%: 8.9%–19.8%) using molecular methods, and 26.3% (CI95%: 15.0%–42.0%) using antigen detection methods. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in HIV patients was significantly associated with the country of study. Also, there were statistical differences between the diarrhea, CD4 < 200 cells/mL, and antiretroviral therapy risk factors with Cryptosporidiosis. Thus, Cryptosporidium is a common infection in HIV-positive patients, and safe water and hand-hygiene should be implemented to prevent cryptosporidiosis occurrence in these patients.

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Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13122411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2411

Author(s):

Annie Kalonda ◽

Marvin Phonera ◽

Ngonda Saasa ◽

Masahiro Kajihara ◽

Catherine G. Sutcliffe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Influenza A ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Animal Health ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Influenza Surveillance ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

The Impact

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and current knowledge of influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza D virus (IDV) in non-human mammalian hosts in Africa. PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE-WAHIS) were searched for studies on IAV and IDV from 2000 to 2020. Pooled prevalence and seroprevalences were estimated using the quality effects meta-analysis model. The estimated pooled prevalence and seroprevalence of IAV in pigs in Africa was 1.6% (95% CI: 0–5%) and 14.9% (95% CI: 5–28%), respectively. The seroprevalence of IDV was 87.2% (95% CI: 24–100%) in camels, 9.3% (95% CI: 0–24%) in cattle, 2.2% (95% CI: 0–4%) in small ruminants and 0.0% (95% CI: 0–2%) in pigs. In pigs, H1N1 and H1N1pdm09 IAVs were commonly detected. Notably, the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was also detected in pigs. Other subtypes detected serologically and/or virologically included H3N8 and H7N7 in equids, H1N1, and H3N8 and H5N1 in dogs and cats. Furthermore, various wildlife animals were exposed to different IAV subtypes. For prudent mitigation of influenza epizootics and possible human infections, influenza surveillance efforts in Africa should not neglect non-human mammalian hosts. The impact of IAV and IDV in non-human mammalian hosts in Africa deserves further investigation.

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Global Prevalence and determinants of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients: A systematic review and Meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28832/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

semagn Abate ◽

Yigrem Chekole ◽

Bivash Basu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Preoperative Anxiety ◽

High Rate ◽

Surgical Patients ◽

Global Prevalence ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Prolonged Hospital

Abstract Background: Preoperative anxiety, otherwise managed preoperatively, can cause high rate of cardiac mortality, adverse effects during anesthetic induction and patient recovery which correlate with high postoperative pain, increased analgesic and anesthetic consumption, prolonged hospital stay, poor quality of life decrease satisfaction with perioperative care. Objective: The systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide evidence on global prevalence and determinants of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients Methods: A three stage search strategy was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Cochran, Science Direct and LILACS databases. Publication bias was checked with a funnel plot and objective diagnostic test was conducted with Egger's correlation and Begg's regression tests. Results: The global pooled prevalence of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients was 48% (95% confidence interval (CI): 39 to 47%, 28 studies, 14652 participants. The systematic review and Meta-Analysis revealed that preoperative anxiety was approximately 4 times more likely in patients who had fear of complications, RR = 3.53(95 % confidence interval (CI: 3.06 to 4.07, six studies). Conclusion: The review revealed that approximately fifty percent of patients experienced preoperative anxiety which entails the policy makers and health care stakeholders should implement mitigating strategies to prevent and manage preoperative anxiety.

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749The global prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A meta-analysis

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Khalid Almutairi ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Urban Population ◽

Prediction Interval ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Period Prevalence ◽

Global Prevalence ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Estimates

Abstract Background To determine the global prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on published studies and reveal factors which influence the RA prevalence estimates. Methods Four electronic databases- ProQuest Central, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for publications from 1980 and 2019, reporting prevalence estimates of RA. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to produce the pooled prevalence estimates. The potential sources of between-study heterogeneity were identified using sensitivity analysis, sub-group and meta-regression analyses. Results A total of 67 studies consisting of 212,335,171 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The global prevalence of RA was estimated 0.46% (95% CI: 0.39-0.54; I2=99.9%) with a 95% prediction interval (0.06–1.27). The point-prevalence of RA was 0.45% (95% CI: 0.38- 0.53%), while the pooled period-prevalence was 0.46% (0.36% and 0.57%). The highest RA pooled prevalence was estimated at 0.69% (95% CI: 0.47–0.95) derived from linked data sources studies. Based on subgroup analyses, the pooled prevalence of RA was influenced by geographical location, the risk bias of studies, period-prevalence method and urban population setting over the stratified periods. Conclusion The global prevalence of RA was 460 per 100,000 population from 1980–2018, with a 95% prediction interval (0.06– 1.27%). RA prevalence estimates were influenced by geographical location, the risk bias assessment of studies, period-prevalence method and urban population setting over time. Key messages The global prevalence of RA was 460 per 100,000 population from 1980–2018, with a 95% prediction interval (0.06– 1.27%).

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Prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling older adults in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018195 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. e018195 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Dhammika D Siriwardhana ◽

Sarah Hardoon ◽

Greta Rait ◽

Manuj C Weerasinghe ◽

Kate R Walters

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Low Income ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Registration Number ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

ObjectiveTo systematically review the research conducted on prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling older adults in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to estimate the pooled prevalence of frailty and prefrailty in community-dwelling older adults in LMICs.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42016036083.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, Web of Science, CINAHL and WHO Global Health Library were searched from their inception to 12 September 2017.SettingLow-income and middle-income countries.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years.ResultsWe screened 7057 citations and 56 studies were included. Forty-seven and 42 studies were included in the frailty and prefrailty meta-analysis, respectively. The majority of studies were from upper middle-income countries. One study was available from low-income countries. The prevalence of frailty varied from 3.9% (China) to 51.4% (Cuba) and prevalence of prefrailty ranged from 13.4% (Tanzania) to 71.6% (Brazil). The pooled prevalence of frailty was 17.4% (95% CI 14.4% to 20.7%, I2=99.2%) and prefrailty was 49.3% (95% CI 46.4% to 52.2%, I2=97.5%). The wide variation in prevalence rates across studies was largely explained by differences in frailty assessment method and the geographic region. These findings are for the studies with a minimum recruitment age 60, 65 and 70 years.ConclusionThe prevalence of frailty and prefrailty appears higher in community-dwelling older adults in upper middle-income countries compared with high-income countries, which has important implications for healthcare planning. There is limited evidence on frailty prevalence in lower middle-income and low-income countries.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016036083.

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