The effect of aerobic exercise on interoception and cognitive function in healthy university students: a non-randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Interoception refers to the body’s physiological responses that occur in response to emotions. This phenomenon influences decision-making, an important cognitive ability that affects the maintenance of an exercise routine. However, it is controversial whether interoception is a reliable measure of an individual’s traits or their response to emotion. Given this evidence, we hypothesized that performing an exercise with positive feelings could improve interoception and that the rational decision-making capabilities acquired by improved interoception would, in turn, help in maintaining an exercise routine. Persistent aerobic exercise is essential for improving cognitive and musculoskeletal function in the long term. Therefore, we aimed to investigate changes in interoception during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at a level that might potentially improve cognitive function. Methods We devided 48 healthy university students into an exercise group (n = 37) and a control group (n = 11). The control group did not perform any exercises, while the exercise group performed bench step exercises at an intensity of 50% of heart rate reserve for 30 min a day, three times a week, for three months. We assessed their cognitive function by measuring their auditory information/working memory processing speed using a paced auditory serial addition task (PASAT) and evaluated their interoceptive accuracy (IA) using a heartbeat tracking task at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months after the start of the exercise intervention. Results There was a significant positive correlation between IA and PASAT scores at baseline. However, exercise did not lead to a significant increase in PASAT scores of the exercise group as compared with the control group. IA scores increased at 2 and 3 months after the start of exercise only in the exercise group. Conclusions This preliminary study showed an improvement in interoception after persistent moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. We believe that exercise-induced improvement of interoception may facilitate exercise maintenance through improved cognitive function. Statistical analysis did not explain the non-uniformity of sample sizes, therefore, future studies should have larger sample sizes with equal subjects in each group to allow for better comparability and generalizability. Trial registration: UMIN, UMIN000042891. 04/01/2021, retrospectively registered.

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The effect of aerobic exercise on interoception and cognitive function in healthy university students: a non-randomized controlled trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-228812/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yusaku Amaya ◽

Tetsuya Abe ◽

Kenji Kanbara ◽

Hisaharu Shizuma ◽

Yasushi Akiyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

University Students ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Auditory Information ◽

Exercise Interventions

Abstract Background:Long-term aerobic exercise is a key intervention for improving cognitive function as well as enhancing musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory system functions. Additionally, decision-making, in which cognitive function is involved, can be an important factor for initiating and maintaining exercise. According to Damasio’s somatic marker hypothesis, somatic experience plays a fundamental role in decision-making. Interoception is a sense of physiological information related to emotions and is known to influence cognitive function. Here, we investigated changes in interoception during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at a level that could improve cognitive function.Methods:Healthy university students were divided into an exercise group (n = 37) and a control group (n = 11). The exercise group performed bench step exercises at an intensity of 50% heart rate reserve for 30 minutes a day, three times a week, for three months. Cognitive function was assessed by measuring auditory information/working memory processing speed with a Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), and interoceptive accuracy (IA) was measured with a heartbeat tracking task.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between IA and PASAT scores at pre-intervention. But exercise did not lead to a significant increase in PASAT scores in comparison with the control group. IA scores were improved at 2- and 3-month post-intervention only in the exercise group.Conclusions:This suggested that interoception may be associated with the improvement in cognitive function produced by long-term aerobic exercise. Further investigation is warranted to clarify the causal relationship between interoception and cognitive function during exercise interventions.Trial registration: UMIN, UMIN000042891. 04/01/2021, retrospectively registered.

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Effect of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Hepatic Fat Content and Visceral Lipids in Hepatic Patients with Diabesity: A Single-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/1923575 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Walid Kamal Abdelbasset ◽

Shereen H. Elsayed ◽

Gopal Nambi ◽

Saud M. Alrawaili ◽

Tamer E. Elnegamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Fat Content ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Hepatic Fat ◽

Standard Medical Treatment ◽

Randomised Controlled

Objective. Limited studies have assessed the effect of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise on hepatic fat content and visceral lipids in hepatic patients with diabesity. This study was designed to evaluate hepatic fat content and visceral lipids following moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise in hepatic patients with diabesity. Design. A single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Methods. Thirty-one diabetic obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were recruited into this study. The patients were randomly classified into exercise and control groups, fifteen patients in the exercise group and sixteen patients in the control group. The exercise group received an 8-week moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise program with standard medical treatment, while the control group received standard medical treatment without any exercise program. Hepatic fat content and visceral lipids were assessed before and after intervention at the end of the study. Results. Baseline and clinical characteristics showed a nonsignificant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). At the end of the intervention, the aerobic exercise showed significant improvements (serum triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), p≤0.002, total cholesterol, p=0.004, visceral fats, p=0.016, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), p=0.022, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), p=0.038, alanine transaminases (AL), p=0.044, intrahepatic triglyceride and HOMA-IR, p=0.046, and body mass index (BMI), p=0.047), while the control group showed a nonsignificant difference (p>0.05). The postintervention analysis showed significant differences in favor of the aerobic exercise group (p<0.05). Conclusions. Moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise reduces the hepatic fat content and visceral lipids in hepatic patients with diabesity. Recommendations should be prescribed for encouraging moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training, particularly hepatic patients with diabesity.

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Pengaruh Latihan Aerobik Ringan dan Sedang terhadap Kadar Interleukin 8 dan Jumlah Netrofil pada Remaja

Berkala Kedokteran ◽

10.20527/jbk.v12i1.357 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Huldani Huldani

Keyword(s):

Blood Plasma ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Interleukin 8 ◽

Male Students ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract: Aerobic exercise with mild to moderate intensity will improve health and fitness. Aerobic exercise stimulates an increase in the concentration of IL-8 and will attract neutrophils out of circulation and infiltrate into the damaged tissue for physical activity. To determine the effect of mild and moderate aerobic exercise on levels of interleukin 8 and the number of neutrophils in adolescents, semi-experimental research laboratory with the entire population of male students of SMAN I Banjarbaru. Determination of the sample with inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained 31 samples (9 mild aerobic exercise, moderate aerobic exercise 12 and 10 as a control). The implementation of data collection (blood plasma) immediately after the sample is finished doing aerobic exercise. Blood plasma samples were analyzed by flowcytometri to see the number of neutrophils and elisa to see the levels of Interleukin 8 (IL-8). The results showed that mean plasma levels of IL-8 in mild aerobic group (605.69 ± 123.28) and moderate (718.75 ± 132.55) is lower than the control group (720.80 ± 213.11). Kruskal Wallis statistic test in the three groups no significant difference with p = 0.320. The average number of neutrophils mild aerobic exercise group (52.42 ± 8.29) and moderate (63.60 ± 8.73) was higher than the control group (50.11 ± 5.55), which means that there is an increase in the number of neutrophils after aerobic exercise , with one-way ANOVA statistical test showed different significant with p = 0.001. LSD test found significant differences between mild and moderate aerobic group with p = 0.003, 95% CI. There is no difference between the control group mild aerobic with p = 0.519. There are differences between the groups of moderate aerobic and control with p = 0.000. It can be concluded that mild and moderate aerobic exercise did not affect the increased plasma levels of interleukin-8 in adolescents. Mild aerobic exercise had no effect on the increase in the number of neutrophils in adolescents. Moderate aerobic exercise influence on the increase in the number of neutrophils in adolescents.Keywords : Aerobic exercise, Interleukin 8, Neutrophyl Abstrak: Latihan aerobik dengan intensitas ringan sampai sedang akan meningkatkan kesehatan dan kebugaran tubuh. Latihan aerobik merangsang peningkatan konsentrasi IL-8 dan akan menarik netrofil dari sirkulasi dan menyusup kejaringan yang rusak karena aktivitas fisik. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan aerobik ringan dan sedang terhadap kadar interleukin 8 dan jumlah netrofil pada remaja, dilakukan penelitian semi eksperimental laboratorik dengan populasi seluruh pelajar laki-laki SMAN I Banjarbaru. Penentuan besarnya sampel dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi didapatkan 31 sampel (9 latihan aerobik ringan, 12 latihan aerobik sedang, dan 10 sebagai kontrol). Pelaksanaan pengambilan data (plasma darah) segera setelah sampel selesai melakukan latihan aerobik. Plasma darah sampel dianalisa dengan flowcytometri untuk melihat jumlah netrofil dan pemeriksaan elisa untuk melihat kadar Interleukin 8 (IL-8). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kadar IL-8 plasma pada kelompok aerobik ringan (605,69 ± 123,28) dan sedang (718,75 ± 132,55) lebih rendah dari kelompok kontrol (720,80 ± 213,11). Secara uji statistik Kruskal Wallis ketiga kelompok tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai p = 0,320. Jumlah rerata netrofil kelompok latihan aerobik ringan (52,42 ± 8,29) dan sedang (63,60 ± 8,73) lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol (50,11 ± 5,55), artinya ada peningkatan jumlah netrofil setelah latihan aerobik. Dengan uji statistik ANOVA satu arah didapatkan hasil yang bermakna berbeda dengan nilai p = 0.001. Uji LSD didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok aerobik ringan dan sedang dengan nilai p = 0,003, IK 95 % . Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok aerobik ringan dengan kontrol dengan nilai p = 0,519. Terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok aerobik sedang dan kontrol dengan nilai p = 0,000. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan aerobik ringan dan sedang tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar Interleukin-8 plasma pada remaja. Latihan aerobik ringan tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah netrofil pada remaja. Latihan aerobik sedang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah netrofil pada remaja. Kata Kata Kunci : Latihan Aerobik, Interleukin 8, Netrofil

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Cognitive Gains of Aerobic Exercise in Patients With Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2020.582380 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yimei Shu ◽

Qing He ◽

Yi Xie ◽

Wanrong Zhang ◽

Shuang Zhai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Cerebrovascular Disorder

Background: Cognitive impairment has become an important problem in ischemic cerebrovascular disorder survivors as disease related deaths have been significantly reduced. Aerobic exercise, the most prevalent mode of physical activity, positively contributes to cognition in both healthy population and people with cognitive impairment. However, studies on its associations with cognitive gains in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease showed mixed findings.Objective: To explore the cognitive effects of aerobic exercise on ischemic cerebrovascular disorder survivors and investigate the possible moderators on exercise benefits.Method: Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of sole aerobic exercise on cognitive function in population with ischemic intracranial vascular disorder compared to any control group who did not receive the intervention were enrolled in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Four online database (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched.Results: The initial search returned 1,522 citations and ultimately 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Analysis of seven studies showed the beneficial but not statistically significant impact of aerobic exercise on global cognitive function (0.13; 95% Cl −0.09 to 0.35; p = 0.25). Participants already with cognitive impairment benefited more from this intervention (0.31; 95% Cl 0.07–0.55; p = 0.01) and moderate intensity might be the optimal choice (0.34; 95% Cl −0.01 to 0.69; p = 0.06). The program duration and initiation time after stroke occurrence did not predict better cognitive outcome. Aerobic exercise was not associated with improvement of processing speed and executive function, the two subdomains of cognitive function.Conclusions: Aerobic exercise may contribute to cognitive gains in survivors of ischemic cerebrovascular disorder, especially for population already with cognitive decline. Our findings suggest that the adoption of moderate intensity aerobic exercise might improve cognition in such population.

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High versus Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults: Psychological and Physiological Effects

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2.4.293 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 293-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Robert A. Swoap ◽

Nancy Norvell ◽

James E. Graves ◽

Michael L. Pollock

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

High Intensity ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Heart Rate Reserve

This study examined the psychological and physiological effects of a 26-week aerobic exercise program on a sample of sedentary older men (n= 26) and women (n= 23). Subjects were randomly assigned to either a high intensity exercise group (80−85% of maximal heart rate reserve), a moderate intensity exercise group (65−70% of maximal heart rate reserve), or a no-exercise control group. Results indicated that subjects in the high intensity exercise group exhibited significant increases in aerobic capacity compared to the moderate intensity group. Both exercising groups improved aerobic capacity and had significant decreases in body weight compared to the control group. Exercising subjects also reported significantly fewer symptoms of depression at the end of the program, but not fewer than the control group. Overall, increases in VO2max were associated with decreases in depression.

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Combined aerobic and resistance training improves physical and executive functions in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽

10.1177/0961203321998749 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096120332199874

Author(s):

Victoria PY Kao ◽

Huei-Jhen Wen ◽

Yu-Jen Pan ◽

Chia-Sheng Pai ◽

Shih-Tzu Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Systemic Lupus

Objectives Exercise is considered as an adjuvant therapeutic modality to alleviate symptoms of several rheumatic diseases. However, data regarding the benefits of exercise to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are relatively scant. Methods This study aimed to assess the effects of regular, moderate-intensity, aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on women with SLE who had no regular exercise. Patients were recruited and allocated into either the exercise or control group by their willingness. Patients in the exercise group (n = 12) underwent 12 weeks of combined exercise (five days per week), whereas those in the control group (n = 11) maintained their usual lifestyle. Results At baseline, there were no between-group differences in body composition, disease activity, two-kilometer walking test, and executive function test. After the combined exercise intervention for 12 weeks, significant improvements of both fitness index and reaction time to the stimuli in the go/no-go test were observed in the exercise group, but not in the control group. The disease activities in both study groups did not change significantly at the end of the study period. Conclusion Our results suggest that regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise combined with resistance training improves the physical and executive functions of SLE patients without exacerbating disease activity.

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Sex differences in leptin and cardiometabolic profile after exercise intervention in physically inactive adults with primary hypertension and obesity

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

SMM Maldonado-Martin ◽

PC Corres ◽

AMAB Martinezaguirre-Betolaza ◽

BJI Jurio-Iriarte ◽

MTE Tous-Espelosin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Body Mass ◽

Primary Hypertension ◽

Public Institution ◽

Hypocaloric Diet ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Physically Inactive

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): University of the Basque Country OnBehalf GIKAFIT PURPOSES. To analyse the change on leptin, body composition, blood pressure (BP), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and some biochemical parameters in physically inactive women and men with primary hypertension (HTN) and obesity, and to evaluate the potential sex differences in the change after intervention. METHODS. Participants (n = 37 women, n= 40 men, 52.9 ± 6.9 yrs) from the EXERDIET-HTA study were randomized into attention control group (physical activity recommendations) or one of three supervised aerobic exercise groups [two days/week: high-volume (HV) with 45 min of moderate-intensity continuous training, HV and high-intensity interval training (HV-HIIT), and low volume-HIIT (LV-HIIT, 20 min)]. All participants received the same hypocaloric diet. All variables were assessed pre and post intervention (16 weeks). 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring was used to analyze systolic and diastolic BP. A cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). RESULTS. Following the intervention, there were increments (P < 0.01) in CRF by VO2peak (Women, W = 21.1 ± 3.7 vs. 24.6 ± 4.4 mL·kg-1·min-1, Men, M = 26.3 ± 6.0 vs. 33.1 ± 10.2 mL·kg-1·min-1) and decreases (P < 0.05) in leptin (W = 49.5 ± 23.0 vs. 41.8 ± 19.9 ng/mL, M = 20.5 ± 14.8 vs. 12.9 ± 18.6 ng/mL), body mass (W = 84.7 ± 12.1 vs. 80.3 ± 11.5 kg, M = 97.9 ± 14.4 vs. 91.5 ± 13.3 kg), waist perimeter (W = 97.3 ± 10.7 vs. 94.3 ± 10.9 cm, M = 107.9 ± 8.7 vs. 101.5 ± 7.9 cm), fat mass (W = 42.3 ± 5.1 vs. 38.6 ± 8.4 %, M = 31.2 ± 5.0 vs. 28.0 ± 4.4 %), systolic BP (M = 136.5 ± 12.1 vs. 129.3 ± 12.5 mmHg), diastolic BP (W = 76.2 ± 8.9 vs. 74.1 ± 8.7 mmHg, M = 79.3 ± 7.2 vs. 75.0 ± 8.2 mmHg), total cholesterol (M = 216.1 ± 44.5 vs. 196.1 ± 35.0 mg/dL), insulin (W = 13.4 ± 7.9 vs. 9.4 ± 4.2 mU/L) values. There were significant between-sex differences in body mass (W=-5.2%, M=-6.5%, effect size, ES = 0.073), waist circumference (W=-3.1%, M=-5.9%, ES = 0.114), and VO2peak (W = 14.2%, M = 20.5%, ES = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS. Aerobic exercise along with hypocaloric diet is an effective non-pharmacological tool to induce beneficial changes in women and men in BP and leptin as a mediator of obesity-induced HTN, and other regulatory mechanisms such as body composition, CRF and biochemical profile. The found sex-related differences could confirm the need of individual non-pharmacological strategies.

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Brain Structure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Executive Control Changes after a 9-Week Exercise Intervention in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Life ◽

10.3390/life11040292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 292

Author(s):

Lina Zhu ◽

Qian Yu ◽

Fabian Herold ◽

Boris Cheval ◽

Xiaoxiao Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Executive Control ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Younger Adults

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is assumed to exert beneficial effects on brain structure and executive control (EC) performance. However, empirical evidence of exercise-induced cognitive enhancement is not conclusive, and the role of CRF in younger adults is not fully understood. Here, we conducted a study in which healthy young adults took part in a moderate aerobic exercise intervention program for 9 weeks (exercise group; n = 48), or control condition of non-aerobic exercise intervention (waitlist control group; n = 72). Before and after the intervention period maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) as an indicator of CRF, the Flanker task as a measure of EC performance and grey matter volume (GMV), as well as cortical thickness via structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were assessed. Compared to the control group, the CRF (heart rate, p < 0.001; VO2max, p < 0.001) and EC performance (congruent and incongruent reaction time, p = 0.011, p < 0.001) of the exercise group were significantly improved after the 9-week aerobic exercise intervention. Furthermore, GMV changes in the left medial frontal gyrus increased in the exercise group, whereas they were significantly reduced in the control group. Likewise, analysis of cortical morphology revealed that the left lateral occipital cortex (LOC.L) and the left precuneus (PCUN.L) thickness were considerably increased in the exercise group, which was not observed in the control group. The exploration analysis confirmed that CRF improvements are linked to EC improvement and frontal grey matter changes. In summary, our results support the idea that regular endurance exercises are an important determinant for brain health and cognitive performance even in a cohort of younger adults.

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The effects of an individualized exercise intervention on body composition in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802007000100005 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 22-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Claudio Battaglini ◽

Martim Bottaro ◽

Carolyn Dennehy ◽

Logan Rae ◽

Edgar Shields ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Cancer Patients

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Changes in metabolism have been reported in the majority of patients undergoing cancer treatment, and these are usually characterized by progressive change in body composition. The effects of aerobic exercise programs to combat the cancer and cancer treatment-related side effects, which include the negative changes in body composition, have been extensively reported in the literature. However, few resistance exercise intervention studies have hypothesized that breast cancer patients might benefit from this type of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise protocols that emphasize resistance training would change body composition and strength in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled trial, at the Campus Recreation Center and Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute of the University of Northern Colorado, and the North Colorado Medical Center. METHODS: Twenty inactive breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to a 21-week exercise group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 10). The exercise group trained at low to moderate intensity for 60 minutes on two days/week. The primary outcome measurements included body composition (skinfold method) and muscle strength (one repetition maximum). RESULTS: Significant differences in lean body mass, body fat and strength (p = 0.004, p = 0.004, p = 0.025, respectively) were observed between the groups at the end of the study. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that exercise emphasizing resistance training promotes positive changes in body composition and strength in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment.

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Aerobic Exercise Inhibits CUMS-Depressed Mice Hippocampal Inflammatory Response via Activating Hippocampal miR-223/TLR4/MyD88-NF-κB Pathway

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082676 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2676 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Honglin Qu ◽

Ruilian Liu ◽

Jiaqin Chen ◽

Lan Zheng ◽

Rui Chen

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Hippocampal Function ◽

Model Group ◽

Mice Model ◽

Protein Levels

Objective: To investigate the role of aerobic exercise in inhibiting chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depressed mice hippocampal inflammatory response and its potential mechanisms. Methods: Fifty-four male eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided as control group (CG) (18 mice) and model group (36 mice). Model group mice were treated with 13 chronic stimulating factors for 28 days to set up the CUMS depression model. Neurobehavioral assessment was performed after modeling. The mice in the model group were randomly divided into the control model group (MG) and the aerobic exercise group (EG), with 18mice in each group. The EG group carried out the adaptive training of the running platform: 10 m/min, 0° slope, and increased by 10 minutes per day for 6 days. The formal training was carried for 8 weeks with 10 m/min speed, 0° slope, 60 min/d, 6 d/Week. After the training, a neurobehavioral assessment was performed, and hippocampus IL-1β and IL-10 protein levels were detected by ELISA. RT–PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-223 and TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the hippocampus. Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and phosphorylated NF-κBp65 protein in the hippocampus. Results: The hippocampus function of CUMS depression model mice was impaired. The forced swimming and forced tail suspension time were significantly prolonged, and inflammatory factors IL-1β were significantly increased in the hippocampus. Aerobic exercise significantly improves CUMS-depressed mice hippocampal function, effectively reducing depressive behavior and IL-1β levels, and increasing IL-10 levels. Besides, aerobic exercise significantly upregulates the expression level of miR-223 and inhibits the high expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise significantly increases the CUMS-depressed mice hippocampus expression of miR-223, and inhibits the downstream TLR4/MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway and the hippocampal inflammatory response, which contributes to the improvement of the hippocampal function.

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