scholarly journals Evaluation of metal nano-particles as growth promoters and fungi inhibitors for cereal crops

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Hoang ◽  
H. H. Cong ◽  
V. P. Shukanov ◽  
L. A. Karytsko ◽  
S. N. Poljanskaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Metal Nano Particles ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Ground Part

Abstract Background Nano-particles of metals can be routinely synthesized. The cereal seeds treatment with the particles can improve early growth and crop production. Moreover, the treatment is robust and economical. Methods Metal (Fe0, Cu0, Co0), zinc oxide (ZnO) and chitosan-stabilized silver nano-particles were synthesized and applied to cereal seeds. The germination rate, early plant development and inhibition effects on pathogenic fungi were quantified. Results It was found that all nano-particles had a positive effect on the development of healthy cereal seedlings. In particular, the length of the above-ground part of the seedlings was increased by 8–22%. The highest inhibition effect was observed on Helminthosporium teres with the application of Co0 and chitosan-Ag. Pre-sowing treatment with metal nano-particles reduced the number of infected grains by two times for wheat and 3.6 times for barley. The application also increases the chlorophylls and carotenoids in both uninfected and infected seedlings. Conclusions The results demonstrated a robust application of nano-particles in improving cereal production. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Biplot Analysis of Silicon Dioxide on Early Growth of Sunflower

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Naser Sabaghnia ◽  
Mohsen Janmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
High Association ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Research into nanotechnology has advanced in almost all fields of technology and the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) in germination performance sunflower. Germination and seedling growth are the most important stage of plant development and are critical factors to crop production and are essential to achieve optimum performance. The effects of pre-germination hydration in solutions of nano-SiO2 (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.2 mM for 8 h) on germination characteristics of sunflower were investigated. The trait by treatment (TT) biplot explained 93% of the total variation of the standardized data (77% and 16% for the first and second principal components, respectively). According to polygon-view of TT biplot, T2 (0.2 mM) had the highest values for all of the measured traits except mean germination time and the time to 50% germination. The germination percentage was determined as the best trait and showed the high association with promptness index, energy of germination and germination rate traits. The results of the present study indicated that pre-sowing seed treatments with low concentration of nano-SiO2 had favorable effect sunflower seed germination and seedling early growth. Such a similar outcome could be applied in the future to outline other crops in response to nano-particles as well as to help define tolerance tools for recommendations in stressful conditions in the world.

scholarly journals Agro-Waste Mediated Silica Nanoparticles and Their Application to Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Goswami ◽  
Jyoti Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Ecological Unit

Abstract Sustainable managing of environment implies the utilization of green approaches in agronomy for growth and crop protection. Since crop production is determined by extensive application of pesticide to resist plant infection and fertilizers to increase fertility of soil, these processes result in ecological unit deterioration as well economic cost. The current research aims at assessment of the potential of nanofertilizers and fungicidal activity of Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) which have synthesized from agro-waste (sugarcane bagasse and corn cob).SiNPs Nanoparticles display exceptional biological functions and might behave as novel antifungal agents. SiNPs were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).The plant reaction to SiNPs treatments were observed in relation to germination, growth characteristics, protein, chlorophyll, antioxidant and antifungal activities. Germination rate was enhanced upto 95.5% with SiNPsconcentration and growth parameters were increased upto1000ugL-1. The physiological changes showed the increment in protein and chlorophyll content upto 14.8mg g-1 and 4.08 mg g-1, respectively. Other than this, maximum mycelia growth inhibition was reported for Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger as73.42% and 58.92%, respectively. SiNPs positive response on Eruca sativa plant might improve its productivity and act as a potential antifungal agent against pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage Biocontrol of Acidovorax citrulli, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Fruit Blotch

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Aryan Rahimi-Midani ◽  
Tae-Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli ◽  
Group I ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs

Bacterial fruit blotch caused by Acidovorax citrulli is known to be the major threat to cucurbit crop production worldwide. The pathogen can penetrate into seed coat and cause disease symptoms at any stage of plant growth, which results in fruit loss. Two main genotypes (genotype I and II) are reported in A. citrulli, in which genotype II is the main cause of Bacterial Fruit Blotch (BFB) in watermelon and group I is known to be a causal agent of BFB in melon. To date, there are no commercially available cultivars resistant to BFB, and available strategies are not able to completely manage the disease. In this study, we aim to isolate bacteriophages to control BFB. Samples collected from watermelon, melon, and pumpkin were used to isolate bacteriophages. All isolated bacteriophages were tested against 42 strains of A. citrulli, among which two phages with the ability to lyse a greater number of hosts were selected and characterized. Bacteriophage ACP17 from the Myoviridae family, with a head size of 100 ± 5 nm and tail of 150 ± 5 nm, infected 29 strains of A. citrulli mostly belonging to genotype group I, whereas the second isolated bacteriophage, ACPWH from Siphoviridae, with a head size of 60 ± 5 nm and tail of 180 ± 5 nm, infected 39 A. citrulli strains. Genome analysis of both bacteriophages using Next generation Sequencing (NGS) showed that ACP17 and ACPWH have double-stranded DNA with sizes of 156,972 kb and 424,299 kb, respectively. Watermelon seeds coated with ACPWH showed a germination rate of up to 90% in the presence of A. citrulli in contrast to untreated seed, which showed no germination or germinated juveniles with BFB symptoms in the presence of A. citrulli. The results of this study show that the use of bacteriophages of A. citrulli represents a potential biocontrol method for controlling BFB.

Silicon Micro-Photonic Structure for Ultra-Sensitive Biosensing

2003 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Schmidt ◽  
Vilson Almeida ◽  
Christina Manolatou ◽  
Stefan Preble ◽  
Michal Lipson
Keyword(s):  
Nano Particles ◽  
Particle Detection ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Extinction Cross Section ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Silicon Photonic ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Planar Silicon ◽  
Single Particle Detection ◽  
Metal Nano Particles

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate a micron-size planar silicon photonic device that is able to detect low concentrations of metal nano-particles approaching single particle detection. This sensitivity is achieved by using strong light confining structures that enhance the extinction cross-section of metal nano-particles by orders of magnitude. Structures were fabricated and measurements of the transmission spectra of the devices demonstrate the detection of 10 nm diameter gold particles resting on the device with a density of fewer than 2 particles per 104 nm2 (the area of the sensing region surface). Using such a device, in a fluidic platform, one could detect the presence of a single metal nano-particle specifically bound to various analytes, enabling ultrasensitive detection of analytes including DNA, RNA, proteins, and antigens.

scholarly journals The Effect of Silicon and The Status of Phenolic Compounds On The Germination of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Under Temperature Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-880
Author(s):  
İlkay YAVAŞ ◽  
Burcu KESER
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Q Values ◽  
Good Germination

The aim of the study was to evaluate the elevated temperature on germination and seedling growth and the ameliorative effect of silicon on the phenolic compounds of black-eyed cowpea. The seeds were allowed to germinate at 30 (control), 36 and 44°C temperatures, under controlled conditions, silicons were with concentrations of 0.0 (control) and 1.5 mM. In the second phase of the experiment, some of the seeds were grown in plastic cups with sieved soil at 30 °C, 36 °C and 44 °C for phenolic compounds. Among the temperature treatments, plant deaths occurred at 44 °C. The raise in temperature importantly reduced germination and related traits. Except for SL, the seeds showed good germination at 30 °C after Si application. In high temperatures, silicon applications had a positive effect on germination and seedling growth, except for the germination rate. Results showed that an increase in GA, PA, Q, CAM, CA, PCA, SA, VA, CAF as temperatures increased. But chlorogenic acid and Q values were higher at 30 °C. This study clearly observed that the growth of cowpea seedlings decreased with temperature increase, but silicon attenuated these effects.

scholarly journals Efficiency of growing spring wheat with the use of biological agents in light-chestnut soils

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Yulia Pavlovna Tarasenkova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This article presents the results of a study of spring wheat with the application of biological products. The positive effect of drugs on growth processes and productivity has been established. The conditions of spring wheat cultivation with the use of biologics and their influence on the yield of spring wheat were studied. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of biological preparations on the efficiency of growing spring wheat in light chestnut soils. Results of the presented studies on the impact on yield using growth stimulants and strains: flavobacterin 30, mizorin 7, strain 5S-2, strain 8 on spring wheat varieties: Esther, Lada, Lubava, in the Astrakhan region for 2016-2018. The results showed that when seeds were treated with growth promoters and strains, almost all variants increased their yield.

Metal nano-particles sizing by thermal annealing for the enhancement of surface plasmon effects in thin-film solar cells application

2016 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Zen Hsieh ◽  
Yuan-Fong Chou Chau ◽  
Chee Ming Lim ◽  
Mo-Hua Lin ◽  
Hung Ji Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cells ◽  
Metal Nano Particles

Small talk and large impact: the importance of small RNA molecules in the fight against plant diseases.

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Zhen Liao ◽  
Kristian Persson Hodén ◽  
Christina Dixelius
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Small Talk ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
General Chapter ◽  
Late Blight Pathogen

Abstract This short and general chapter summarizes how plants and pathogens communicate using not only proteins for recognition and signal transduction or other metabolites but also RNA molecules where small RNAs with sizes between 21 to 40 nt are most important. These small RNAs can move between plants and a range of interacting pathogenic organisms in both directions, that is, a 'cross-kingdom' communication process. The first reports on RNA-based communications between plants and plant pathogenic fungi appeared about 10 years ago. Since that time, we have learnt much about sRNA biology in plants and their function in different parasitic organisms. However, many questions on the processes involved remain unanswered. Such information is crucial in order to sustain high crop production. Besides giving a brief background, we highlight the interactions between the potato late blight pathogen and its plant host potato.

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