scholarly journals Childhood health and social class reproduction in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbi Hong ◽  
Jingming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Status Attainment ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Class Reproduction ◽  
Social Class Reproduction ◽  
First Job

AbstractIn previous studies on social stratification and mobility in China, education is considered as the core mediatory factor in social reproduction and mobility. This paper, however, investigates how childhood health affects social stratification. Using data from Urbanization and Labor Migrant National Survey (2012), this study examines the effects of nutrition, hygiene, and health before age 14 on adult socioeconomic status attainment, including education,  the international socioeconomic indexes of first job and current job, and family income per head. The structural equation model  results show that the nutrition intake (whether one experienced starvation and the frequency of fish and meat intake) and hygiene (indicated by the source of drinking water and the toilet type) have significant effect on adult socioeconomic status attainment. However, the effects change at different life course stages. Moreover, childhood health (indicated by adult height) has significant impact on adult socioeconomic status attainment, but no significant impact on the international socioeconomic indexes of first job and current job. We conclude that investment in childhood health is an important mechanism affecting social class reproduction and mobility. Therefore, health intervention for children from poor and disadvantaged families are necessary. It will benefit children’s education and encourage upward mobility.

scholarly journals Class, Gender, and Rhoticity: The Social Stratification of Non-Prevocalic /r/ in Edinburgh Speech

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Dickson ◽  
Lauren Hall-Lew
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analysis Of Variation ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the prominence of socioeconomic status as a factor in models of English variation, few studies have explicitly considered speakers whose social class status changed over their lifetime. This paper presents an auditory and acoustic analysis of variation in non-prevocalic /r/ among middle-aged adults from Edinburgh, Scotland. The speakers represent three groups: the Established Middle Class (EMC) and the Working Class (WC), both of which are characterized as socioeconomically non-mobile, and a third group we call the New Middle Class (NMC), comprising individuals born to working-class families and living middle-class lives at the time of data collection. The results demonstrate that realizations of /r/ have a significant correlation with socioeconomic status, and that the effect of class further interacts with gender. NMC speakers demonstrate the highest level of rhoticity of all three groups. In contrast, WC men show extensive derhoticization and deletion, while WC women show patterns of rhoticity that are more comparable to the NMC women. The EMC speakers show more non-rhoticity than either the NMC speakers or the WC women. A consideration of the indexical value of weak rhoticity highlights the need for more robust phonetic measures distinguishing non-rhoticity from derhoticization, and to that end we consider the cue of post-vocalic frication. Overall, the results point to the need to conceptualize socioeconomic status as potentially fluid and changeable across the lifespan, thereby improving models of the relationship between social class and linguistic variation.

Sociocultural Correlates of Physical Activity in Adolescents

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Raudsepp ◽  
Roomet Viira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
The Family ◽  
Physical Activity Recall

This study examined the relative contributions of sex, social class, socioeconomic status of the family, and exercise behavior of significant others (father, mother, sister, brother, best friend) to the variability of physical activities of 13–15-year-old urban adolescents (N = 475). Physical activity was measured using 7-day physical activity recall. Family income was negatively correlated with physical activity of adolescents. Physical activity of the father, older brother, and best friend was associated with a higher activity level of adolescents (r = 0.24–0.33). Sex and social class of the families accounted for 18% of the variance of the adolescents’ physical activity. When the physical activity of the father, older brother, and best friend were entered into regression analysis, a total of 32% of the variation in adolescents’ physical activity was explained. Physical activity of adolescents is associated with sex, activity levels of significant others, and socioeconomic status of the family.

Intergenerational Mobility

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Fox ◽  
Florencia Torche ◽  
Jane Waldfogel
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

This article reviews current research on intergenerational mobility, which indicates opportunity for children to move beyond their social origins and obtain a status not dictated by that of their parents. Mobility tends to be measured by the extent of association between parents’ and adult children’s socioeconomic status (measured by social class, occupation, earnings, or family income). Stronger associations mean more intergenerational transmission of advantage (often referred to as persistence) and less mobility, whereas weaker associations indicate less persistence and more mobility. The article begins with a discussion of theoretical and methodological approaches to measuring intergenerational mobility. Drawing on research in economics and sociology, it then examines the evidence on the degree of mobility and persistence as well as possible underlying mechanisms. Finally, it compares mobility in wealthy and developing countries and suggests directions for future research.

scholarly journals Class matters: the sociolinguistics ofgooseandgoatin Manchester English

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Baranowski
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Sociolinguistic Variation ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Internal Change

AbstractThis paper reports on patterns of sociolinguistic variation and change in Manchester'sgooseandgoatvowels on the basis of the acoustic analysis of 122 speakers, stratified by age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.Goosefronting is an internal change showing little social differentiation, except before /l/ as inschoolandpool, where, in contrast to most other dialects of English,gooseshows advanced fronting inversely correlated with socioeconomic status.Goatfronting, on the other hand, is a change brought from outside the dialect by the highest status groups, displaying a pattern of monotonic social stratification, a female lead, and a strong effect of ethnicity. The role of attitudes toward the community in the realization of the vowels is compared with the effect of social class construed in terms of distances between social groups. Social class turns out to be a better predictor, suggesting that the role of attitudes and identity may be overestimated in research eschewing a systematic exploration of social class at the same time.

Doing Bodhisattva’s Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-32
Author(s):  
Le Hoang Anh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
The Social

This paper explores the charitable work of Buddhist women who work as petty traders in Hồ Chí Minh City. By focusing on the social interaction between givers and recipients, it examines the traders’ class identity, their perception of social stratification, and their relationship with the state. Charitable work reveals the petty traders’ negotiations with the state and with other social groups to define their moral and social status in Vietnam’s society. These negotiations contribute to their self-identification as a moral social class and to their perception of trade as ethical labor.

scholarly journals Life-course pathways from childhood socioeconomic status to type 2 diabetes in mid-late Chinese adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Zhang ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
Mengqi Sha ◽  
Qiong Zhou ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status

AbstractThe relationship between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains inconclusive, and the pathways and mechanisms driving this relationship have yet to be clarified. This study aimed to examine the pathways linking childhood SES to T2D prevalence in mid-late adulthood in a low- and middle-income country. The incidence of T2D diagnosed in mid-late Chinese adulthood was assessed using self-reports from the Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Childhood SES was assessed by the education, occupation, survivorship of the parents and the financial situation of the family, whereas adulthood SES was assessed by education and wage. This study performed structural equation modeling to clarify the direct and indirect pathways from childhood SES to T2D via childhood health, childhood food shortage, adulthood SES and physical activity. A total of 15,132 participants were included, and the prevalence of T2D was 5.24%. This study found that childhood SES was directly associated with T2D in mid-late adulthood, the probability of developing T2D increased by 9.20% of the standard deviation for each decrease in standard deviation in childhood SES. Childhood SES was indirectly associated with T2D via adulthood SES, physical activity, childhood health and food shortage. Adulthood SES and physical activity mainly mediated the indirect pathway from childhood SES and T2D. This study showed direct and indirect pathways from disadvantaged childhood SES to increased risk of T2D in mid-late Chinese adulthood. Childhood SES, adulthood SES, physical activity, childhood health and food shortage were identified as life-course interventional targets that should be considered in the development of effective strategies to reduce the burden of T2D and SES-related health inequities in childhood.

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