scholarly journals Leptospirosis infections among hospital patients, Sarawak, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
King-Ching Hii ◽  
Emily R. Robie ◽  
Izreena Saihidi ◽  
Antoinette Berita ◽  
Natalie A. Alarja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Leptospirosis diagnoses have increased in Sarawak, Malaysia in recent years. Methods To better understand the burden of disease and associated risk factors, we evaluated 147 patients presenting with clinical leptospirosis to local hospitals in Sarawak, Malaysia for the presence of Leptospira and associated antibodies. Sera and urine specimens collected during the acute illness phase were assessed via a commercially available rapid diagnostic test (Leptorapide, Linnodee Ltd., Antrim, Northern Ireland), an ELISA IgM assay (Leptospira IgM ELISA, PanBio, Queensland, Australia) and a pan-Leptospira real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to estimate disease prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of each method. Microagglutination testing was performed on a subset of samples. Results Overall, 45 out of 147 patients (30.6%) showed evidence of leptospires through qPCR in either one or both sera (20 patients) or urine (33 patients), and an additional ten (6.8%) were considered positive through serological testing, for an overall prevalence of 37.4% within the study population. However, each diagnostic method individually yielded disparate prevalence estimates: rapid test 42.2% for sera and 30.5% for urine, ELISA 15.0% for sera, qPCR 13.8% for sera and 23.4% for urine. Molecular characterization of a subset of positive samples by conventional PCR identified the bacterial species as Leptospira interrogans in 4 specimens. A multivariate risk factor analysis for the outcome of leptospirosis identified having completed primary school (OR = 2.5; 95 CI% 1.0–6.4) and weekly clothes-washing in local rivers (OR = 10.6; 95 CI% 1.4–214.8) with increased likelihood of leptospirosis when compared with those who had not. Conclusion Overall, the data suggest a relatively high prevalence of leptospirosis in the study population. The low sensitivities of the rapid diagnostic test and ELISA assay against qPCR highlight a need for better screening tools.

scholarly journals The Use of NS1 Rapid Diagnostic Test and qRT-PCR to Complement IgM ELISA for Improved Dengue Diagnosis from Single Specimen

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boon-Teong Teoh ◽  
Sing-Sin Sam ◽  
Kim-Kee Tan ◽  
Jefree Johari ◽  
Juraina Abd-Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Igm Elisa

scholarly journals Sensitivity and specificity of a rapid test for assessment of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a community-based setting in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Campos Pellanda ◽  
Eliana Márcia da Ros Wendland ◽  
Alan John Alexander McBride ◽  
Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues ◽  
Marcos Roberto Alves Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Kappa Score ◽  
Qrt Pcr

AbstractBackgroundWhile the recommended laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 is a molecular based assay, population-based studies to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 usually use serological assays.ObjectiveTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a rapid diagnostic test for COVID-19 compared to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).MethodsWe evaluated the sensitivity using a panel of finger prick blood samples from participants >18 years of age that had been tested for COVID-19 by qRT-PCR. For assessing specificity, we used serum samples from the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort participants collected in 2012 with no exposure to SARS-CoV-2.ResultsThe sensitivity of the test was 77.1% (95% CI 66.6 - 85.6), based upon 83 subjects who had tested positive for qRT-PCR at least 10 days before the rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Based upon 100 sera samples, specificity was 98.0% (95% CI 92.9 - 99.8). There was substantial agreement (Kappa score 0.76) between the qRT-PCR results and the RDT.InterpretationThe validation results are well in line with previous assessments of the test, and confirm that it is sufficiently precise for epidemiological studies aimed at monitoring levels and trends of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Accuracy of SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® as a rapid diagnostic test in French Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marc Pujo ◽  
Stéphanie Houcke ◽  
Sarah Lemmonier ◽  
Patrick Portecop ◽  
Alexis Frémery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Remote Healthcare

Abstract Background French Guiana (FG) is a French overseas territory where malaria is endemic. The current incidence rate is 0.74‰ inhabitants, and Plasmodium vivax is widely predominating even though Plasmodium falciparum is still present due to imported cases mainly from Africa. In FG, rapid diagnostic test (SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan®) is based on the detection of pan-pLDH, PfHRP2, and PfHRP3 antigens, while in South America, the share of deletion of PfHRP2 gene is significantly increasing. Accordingly, the study questions the reliability of RDTs in the Amazonian context. Methods The study is retrospective. It is conducted over 4 years and analysed 12,880 rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) compared to concomitant Blood Film Tests (BFTs) sampled for malaria diagnosis. Results The global assessment of the accuracy of SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® in the diagnostic of malaria shows both Positive and Negative Predictive Values (PPV and NPV) higher than 95%, except for PPV in the diagnosis of malaria to P. falciparum (88%). Overall, the concordance rate between RDT and BFT (positive/positive; negative/negative) was 99.5%. The PPV of the RDT in the follow-up of patients diagnosed with P. falciparum was the lowest during the first 28 days. The PPV of the RDT in the follow-up of patients diagnosed with P. vivax was the lowest during the first 21 days. The global sensitivity of SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® test was, on average, 96% (88.2–100) for P. falciparum and 93% (90.6–94.2) for P. vivax. The global specificity was 99.8% (99.5–100) for all included species. Conclusion SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® is a reliable rapid test used for the first-line diagnosis in remote healthcare centres. The test results should be interpreted in the light of patient’s recent medical history and the date of arrival to FG.

scholarly journals Comparative study on the performance of microscopic and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria among some patients in Maiduguri metropolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 023-029
Author(s):  
Zainab Sabo Muhammad ◽  
Mahmud Yerima Iliyasu ◽  
Hassan Shuaibu Musa ◽  
Ibrahim Mustapha ◽  
Goni Musa Lawan
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Low Performance

Malaria remains a major public health problem in Nigeria, that a positive, accurate and reliable microscopy or RDT should preferably be obtained before commencing treatment. High specificity will reduce unnecessary treatment with antimalarial drugs and improve the diagnosis. This study analyze the performance of microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Techniques (RDT) used in the diagnosis of malaria at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria from September to October, 2019. A total of 118 blood samples was screened for malaria by preparation of thick and thin film, Leishman staining and microscopic examination of the slides under oil immersion objectives. Rapid Diagnostic test (RDT) was performed using NADAL® Malaria 4 species test cassettes, with emphasis on falciparum malaria. The results shows that 65 patients (55.1%) were positive for malaria, out of which 42 (64.6%) were males, mainly (24.6%) within the young age group (1-10 years). Some of the patients 17 (26.2%) have started taking antimalarial drugs before coming to the hospital. Out of the 96 patients presented with acute malaria, only 43 (66.2%) were positive, but all those with severe cases (33.8%) were positive by both microscopic and RDT tests. In general, 53 patients (81.5%) were positive by microscopy, while only 12(18.5%) are RDT-positive. The study revealed a low performance of RDT with high number of false negative tests compared to microscopy on the same samples. It is therefore, necessary to reinforce training in microscopy, improved supplies and ensure proper handling/storage of the rapid test kits in malaria-endemic area, like Nigeria.

Determination of Sulfadimethoxine and Ormetoprim Residues in Channel Catfish Fillets After Treatment with Romet and Evaluation of a Commercially Available Rapid Diagnostic Test for Drug Residues in Fish Fillets

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P Milner ◽  
Michael R Johnson ◽  
Kim J Perry
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Screen Test ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Test Card ◽  
Catfish Fillets ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and ormetoprim (OMP) residues were determined in catfish fillets after treatment with Romet. A liquid chromatographic (LC) method capable of simultaneously detecting SDM and OMP at 0.05–40 ppm was used. The recoveries were 92% for SDM and 108% for OMP. The intra- assay variabilities were determined for SDM and OMP at fortification levels of 0.05–40 ppm, and a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 10% was achieved at all levels. The interassay variations were determined at fortification levels of 0.1 ppm (CVs: SDM, 6.4%; OMP, 4.9%) and 1.0 ppm (CVs: SDM, 2.8%; OMP, 3.5%). SDM and OMP residues in catfish fillets were rapidly depleted after treatment with Romet. By day 2 posttreatment, SDM and OMP were essentially nondetectable. The use of an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)-based rapid diagnostic test to determine SDM and OMP in catfish fillets was evaluated. An assay procedure to adapt the test for residues in tissue samples was developed. SDM and OMP were extracted from ground catfish fillet with methanol–water (80 + 20, v/v); the extract was diluted with buffer and filtered, and the filtrate was then tested with an EZ Screen test card. The effectiveness of the rapid test assay to detect SDM residues at levels above the U.S. Food and Drug Administration tolerance (0.1 ppm) was verified with fillets from Romet-treated catfish. All samples with residues at >0.1 ppm were identified correctly by the test. The results indicate that the diagnostic test could be used as a rapid method for monitoring Romet residues in catfish.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of refractive errors among medical students in Western Odisha: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Sushree Priyadarsini Satapathy ◽  
Bharati Panda ◽  
Sadhu Charan Panda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

<p><strong>Background:</strong> prevalence of refractive errors among medical students pursing higher studies is very high. Very little data about the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students in western Odisha is available. So, this Present study was undertaken with an objective were to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla, Western Odisha, India and to study the association between various risk factors with the prevalence of refractive errors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduates i.e. (from 1<sup>st</sup> year to final year) students of VIMSAR, Burla for a period of 2 months i.e. February to March 2020 with sample size of 200. A pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed to students. To assess refractive errors among study population auto refractometer was used.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The overall prevalence of refractive errors in our study was 65%. Most common type of refractive error was Myopia i.e. 113 (86.92%) among the medical students followed by Astigmatism (10.77%) and Hypermetropia (2.31%) respectively. It was observed in our present study that the prevalence of refractive errors was highly associated within crease in study duration, use of electronic gadgets such as smartphones and computers and with the presence of family history this group difference was found to be significantly associated with chi-square=9.4183,<strong> </strong>78.9173, 114.235 and 56.1899 respectively with P&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> High prevalence of refractive errors was found among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla which emphasis on the need for routine ophthalmological evaluation and their proper assessment and management.</p>

scholarly journals SCRUB TYPHUS INFECTION AMONG PUO CASES IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
ANUPRIYA A ◽  
RAJKUMAR B ◽  
PRABHUSARAN N ◽  
PRIYA BANTHAVI S
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Card Test

Objectives: Scrub typhus is an acute, febrile, exanthematous illness. This disease is underdiagnosed in India due to its non-specific and varied clinical presentation, low index of suspicion among clinicians, and lack of diagnostic facilities. This study was carried out to know the seroprevalence of scrub typhus in children with PUO and to compare a rapid test with IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of scrub typhus. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted for a period of 1 year. The study population comprised mainly 280 young children attending pediatric OP and in patients admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital with fever and related symptoms. The serum samples were tested for Weil-Felix reaction, IgM ELISA, and rapid card test. Results: The mean age group of the study population was 7–9 years, of which 20 cases were positive. The major predisposing factor for scrub typhus infection was vegetation around houses. The sensitivity and specificity of both, card test and IgM ELISA, were 100%. Conclusion: In this study, 7.1% of febrile children were positive for scrub typhus. Leptospirosis, dengue, and typhoid were the common coinfections found in scrub typhus, positive children. Early identification of cases and treatment at the earliest will prevent complications.

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