scholarly journals Formulation, optimization, qualitative and quantitative analysis of new dosage form of corticosteroid

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Nazir ◽  
Mumtaz Masih ◽  
Munawar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Product Formulation ◽  
Therapeutic Class ◽  
Manufacturing Procedure

Abstract Background The objective of the present research work is to develop the entirely new drug product formulation (Ophthalmic Suspension) which belongs to the therapeutic class of steroids drugs (Corticosteroid). There are different dosage forms of Triamcinolone acetonide to treat different systemic as well as topical diseases as per patient symptomatic conditions. Due to non-availability of this active drug (Triamcinolone acetonide) ophthalmic dosage form in the national and international market research work is carried out to enter in this dosage form. Results In the formulation design and development, different inactive like polysorbate 30 mg/mL, PEG-12 glyceryl dimyristate 70 mg/mL, ethyl alcohol 10 µL/mL, citric acid 1 mg/mL, sodium citrate 3.5–4.0 mg/mL, BKC 0.15 mg/mL and water for injection have been used at different stages in different proportions during the manufacturing procedure. Gradient HPLC, C18 column, 5 µm, 100 A, 3.9 mm × 300 mm, detector UV/Vis @ 254 nm, column oven, auto-sampler, degasser, is used and this analytical testing method is validated to obtain the accurate results. The excipients play different roles including solvent, antioxidant, solubilizer, emulsifier, antibacterial, preservative, anticoagulant, antimicrobial agent, surfactant and buffers in the stability of active drug for its excellent therapeutic output results. Correlation coefficient factor is greater than 0.999 which indicates that the method has good linearity at proposed concentration against triamcinolone acetonide. Conclusions Excellent physical and chemical properties like physical appearance, pH, specific gravity, viscosity, re-suspendability, sedimentation volume is accomplished to meet the requirements of the eye treatment products. On the basis of experimental results achieved during validation process, it can be assumed that the current analysis method is more accurate, precise, specific, linear and consistency indicating in the range of 70 to 130% of the analyte concentration. From the physical, chemical behaviors and chemical assay of the newly developed drug formulation of corticosteroid (triamcinolone acetonide) it is concluded that it can be probably put for further clinical trial in different phases for human use.

The Effect of Crosslinking Agents on the Properties of Type II Collagen Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
Maria-Minodora Marin ◽  
Madalina Georgiana Albu Kaya ◽  
George Mihail Vlasceanu ◽  
Jana Ghitman ◽  
Ionut Cristian Radu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

Type II collagen has been perceived as the indispensable element and plays a crucial role in cartilage tissue engineering. Thus, materials based on type II collagen have drawn farther attention in both academic and research for developing new systems for the cartilage regeneration. The disadvantage of using type II collagen as a biomaterial for tissue repairing is its reduced biomechanical properties. This can be solved by physical, enzymatic or chemical cross-linking processes, which provide biomaterials with the required mechanical properties for medical applications. To enhance type II collagen properties, crosslinked collagen scaffolds with different cross-linking agents were prepared by freeze-drying technique. The present research work studied the synthesis of type II collagen biomaterials with and without crosslinking agents. Scaffolds morphology was observed by MicroCT, showing in all cases an appropriate microstructure for biological applications, and the mechanical studies were performed using compressive tests. DSC showed an increase in denaturation temperature with an increase in cross-linking agent concentration. FTIR suggested that the secondary structure of collagen is not affected after the cross-linking; supplementary, to confirm the characteristic triple-helix conformation of collagen, the CD investigation was performed. The results showed that the physical-chemical properties of type II collagen were improved by cross-linking treatments.

Isatin: A Scaffold with Innumerable Biodiversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyobrata Nath ◽  
Agnish Mukherjee ◽  
Sougata Mukherjee ◽  
Sabyasachi Banerjee ◽  
Samarpita Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
Relevant Compound ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Clinical Conditions

: Isatin is an endogenous and a significant category of fused heterocyclic component, widely been a part of several potential biologically useful synthetics. Since its discovery, tons of research work has been conducted with respect to the synthesis, chemical properties, and biological and industrial applications. It contains indole nucleus having both lactam and keto moiety which while being a part of a molecular framework exerted several biological effects, viz.; antimicrobial, antitubercular, anticonvulsant, anticancer etc. Isatin derivatives are synthetically significant substrates, which can be utilized for the synthesis of huge diversified chemical entities of which few members emerged to be a drug. The reason for this review is to provide extensive information pertaining to the chemistry and its significance in altering several pathological states of isatin and its derivatives. A Structure Activity Relationships study thus developed through a gamut of scientific information indicates the importance of mostly electron withdrawing groups, halogens, nitro, alkoxy and to a minor extent groups with positive inductive effects, such as methyl at position 1, 5, 6 and 7 of isatin in alleviating several clinical conditions. It is also observed from the survey that the presence of two oxo groups at position 2 and 3 sometimes become insignificant as fusion with a heterocycle at those position resulted in a biologically relevant compound.

Recent Innovations of Organo-Fluorine synthesis and pharmacokinetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omkar Kamble ◽  
Ramababu Dandela ◽  
Sandip Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Study ◽  
Fluorine Atom ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Property ◽  
Research Areas

: The fluorinated compounds have significance in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceuticals research. The introduction of fluorine atom in the heterocyclic compounds increases biological activity, develops favourable physiochemical interaction. Combination of the heterocycles and fluorine substituent having large scope in the research work of the different drugs molecules. The compounds not only show biological activity but also show unique physical and chemical properties that open the doors of multidisciplinary research areas. Fluorine atom tolerance towards maximum functional groups, simplicity in operation, replacing hydrogen with fluorine of bioactive molecules are more efficient for the production at the commercial level. The fluorine substitution also increases the binding affinity to the targeted protein. Also, incorporation of fluorine into the drug helps to increase the polarity hence to increase the rate of drug metabolism and improves the metabolic stability. The pharmacokinetic study plays an important role in clinical research, since 1996, researcher Whitford discover that the pharmacokinetic of fluorine is depend on its pH and amount in the bone. pH of organofluoride governs the absorption, distribution and excretion of fluoride. It also increases the stability when binding with carbon atom and resulting in an increase in bioactivity. This is the main reason that around 25% of present active drugs on various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, HIV, etc. have fluorine as important content. Not only pharmacokinetic property but also the physical property of the drug can be enhanced or altered by selective insertion at the key place of the fluorine atom in the drug compound. In this report, we have summarized the interesting research article reported since 2000 for the synthesis of low fluorine substituted organic compounds for medicinal research and pharmacokinetic study of fluorine molecules in neurological diseases, cancer, and tuberculosis research.

scholarly journals Production of Low Fat Yoghurt Enriched With Different Functional Ingredients

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Stijepić ◽  
Dragica Đurđević-Milošević ◽  
Jovana Glušac
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Manufacturing Procedure ◽  
Fermented Dairy

Due to a growing demand for functional fermented dairy foods with improved nutritional qualities, the food processing industry has prompted to cut down on ingredients such as fat, sugar and additives, thereby necessitating some important changes in sensory qualities that influence consumer acceptance of fermented dairy products. Addition of functional ingredients such as whey protein concentrate (WPC) and honey may improve overall quality of yoghurt. It is well known ability of WPC to support formation of whey protein aggregates which highly improve physical properties of yoghurt. Honey may be an ideal sweetener for yoghurt due to its sugar concentration, low pH and a variety of beneficial nutritional properties.The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of WPC (1%), as well as combination of WPC and honey (H: 2% and 4%) on the physical and chemical properties of low fat set-style yoghurt during 21 days of storage at 5°C. Yogurt was prepared from milk (1.5% fat), treated on 95ºC for 10 min and yoghurt culture VIVOLAC DriSet Yogurt 442: 10% Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and 90% Streptococcus thermophilus (Vivolac Culture Corporation, Indiana, USA), applying standard manufacturing procedure. It was concluded that the addition of honey in combination with WPC improved quality of produced yoghurt. On the other side, as honey presents a higher nutrition value ingredient, the addition of different percent of honey in combination with WPC could present a novel formulation for functional fermented dairy food.

An overview of Natural Superdisintegrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Shushank Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Set Up

The oral route is the most convenient route of administration for various drugs. It is viewed as the most convenient, most secure, and economical route for patients. Fast disintegrating tablets are popular these days as they disintegrate in the mouth within a few seconds without the use of water. The burdens of regularly used medications in pediatric and geriatric patients have been overwhelmed by quick-dissolving tablets. Natural superdisintegrants have been used for fast-dissolving tablets because they are biodegradable, chemically inert, non-harmful, more affordable, and generally accessible. Natural polymer improves the properties of the tablet as it is commonly used as diluents and binders. Natural super disintegrants decrease the release time and give healthful results to the patients. Most polymers are obtained from nature, they are cost-effective, non-toxic, and non-irritants. Disintegration is the most important step for releasing the drug from the tablet matrix to decrease the disintegration time. In this, drug and polymers come in contact with water, it swells, hydrate, and react chemically to release the drug in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Superdisintegrants are those substances that encourage the quick breaking down with a lesser amount contrasted with disintegrants. The quick disintegrants tablets are set up by utilizing suitable polymers which rely on the Physico-chemical properties of drugs and excipients, for example, drug and polymer compatibility, hardness and thickness of tablet, nature of drug and excipients, PH of drug and release parameters of drug formulation. Superdisintegrants are the vehicles added to tablet formulation to advance the breaking of tablets and capsules into small microparticles in aqueous media resulting in to increase in the surface area and promote quick drug release. The disintegrants have a significant capacity to oppose the efficacy of tablet binders and compression forces to form the tablet. Commonly there are three methods to incorporate disintegrants into the tablet: A. Inner addition, B. External expansion, C. Internal, and external addition. Most of the regularly based tablets are those expected to be swallow, disintegrate and release medicaments in the gastrointestinal tract but over a while tablets are manufactured to deliver medicaments in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract within few seconds of swallowing. It has been demonstrated that characteristic polymers are more effective than synthetic polymers. Some research is going to develop safe and effective medication with super disintegrating agents that can be dissolved rapidly to treat the disease.

SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF A THREE COMPONENT MIXTURE BY VIERODT’S SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION METHOD

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
A Palekar ◽  
◽  
S. Gaude ◽  
S. P. N. Pai
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Percent Recovery ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tablet Dosage

A simple, rapid, sensitive and economical UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of aspirin, caffeine, and orphenadrine citrate by Vierodt’s method in combined tablet dosage form and using mixture of 0.1 N HCl: ethanol (1:1) as solvent. The method employs designing and solving of simultaneous equations using 3 wavelengths, namely 226 nm, 272 nm, and 210 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 3-18 μg/mL for aspirin and 0.5-12 μg/mL for both caffeine and orphenadrine citrate with r2 value of 0.993, 0.991, and 0.991 respectively. Accuracy was determined by recovery studies and showed percent recovery ranging from 99.78-100% for aspirin, 96.10-100.92% for caffeine and 100.53-102.5% for orphenadrine citrate. The developed method can be used in QC laboratory for routine analysis to ensure the identity, purity, and performance of the drug product.

Microbe Associated Phytoremediation Technology for Management of Oil Sludge

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Monika Chandrabhan Dhote
Keyword(s):  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

Environmental contamination due to petroleum compounds is a serious global issue. Oil /petroleum refineries produce huge amount of oil sludge during drilling, storage, transport, refining which spoil soil and ground water resources. Such activities release different compounds viz. alkane, mono- polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), asphaltene, resins and heavy metals. Due to physico-chemical properties, PAHs are one of most targeted compounds as they are highly persistent, carcinogenic, and have mutagenic effects on ecosystem. Such problems of PAHs drag researcher's attention to find some reliable and cost effective solution for oil sludge disposal management. Since last few decades, extensive research work has been carried out on various methods for treatment of oil sludge. In recent years, microbial assisted phytoremediation treatment technologies are being studied since these are reliable and cost effective for field applications. Here, we have discussed about combined eco-friendly technology of plant and microbe(s) to treat oil sludge for its better management.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON CIPROFLOXACIN: DOSAGE FORM PERSPECTIVE

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vidyavathi ◽  
G. Srividya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Pure Drug

Ciprofloxacin (CF) is one of the topmost selling antibiotics and it is available at a cheap cost which is used to treat many bacterial infections. Many research scientists are working on this drug for various applications on different drug delivery systems. The main objective of this paper is to enlighten about the details of pure drug CF and its delivery systems along with current research on this drug. This review focused on history, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, types of dosage form available in the market with their cost, current research going on this drug with their applications and methods development for estimation of CF. It also highlighted the possible interactions and adverse drug reactions of CF and patents available. The present review revealed that the only analytical method for estimation of CF was developed in the first decade, few drug delivery systems (DDS) of CF were developed in the second decade and more research work on the development of novel DDS of CF founded in the last decade.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Estimation of Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Cetirizine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Tablet Dosage Form by Simultaneous Equation Spectrophotometric Method: A Quality Control Tool for Dissolution Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Mankaran Singh ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Gurmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Quality Control Tool ◽  
Cetirizine Hydrochloride ◽  
Ambroxol Hydrochloride ◽  
Tablet Dosage

Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Cetirizine Hydrochloride are used for the treatment of bronchitis, cough, and allergy. A simple, economical, accurate, and precise method for simultaneous estimation of Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Cetirizine Hydrochloride in tablet dosage form has been developed. Simultaneous equation method based on measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths, that is, 244 nm and 230 nm, λmax of Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Cetirizine Hydrochloride in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. Both of these drugs obeyed Beer-Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 2–18 µg/mL for Ambroxol Hydrochloride and 2–20 µg/mL for Cetirizine Hydrochloride. The high values of correlation coefficient (R) indicated good linearity of calibration curve for both the drugs. The accuracy and precision of method were determined and the method was validated statistically. Result of percentage recovery study confirms the accuracy of proposed method. As per the ICH guidelines, the method validation parameters checked were linearity, accuracy, precision, and assay of drug formulation. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the proposed simultaneous equation spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Cetirizine Hydrochloride is rapid, economical, accurate, precise, and reproducible. Hence, the proposed method can be employed for quantitative estimation of Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Cetirizine Hydrochloride from their tablet dosage form.

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