Effects of dioxins on the quantitative levels of immune components in infants

Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD)=polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF)) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are potentially hazardous compounds and have structural similarity with thyroid hormones. Animal studies have demonstrated that PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs can alter immune functions. However, in humans it is not yet elucidated whether dioxins contained in breast milk have any effects on the immune functions in infants. To investigate the effects of dioxins on the immune system, we compared the quantitative levels of immune components between a breast-fed group and bottle-fed group, in which dioxin concentration is almost zero. Ratios of immune cells, such as CD4= and CD8= T-lymphocytes, as well as B-lymphocytes (CD19= and/or CD20=) and NK cells (CD16=, CD56=) in peripheral blood lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin level, and level of specific IgE antibody to allergens in the venous blood at 12 months of age were assessed in a subgroup of 281 infants. The relationship of post-natal dioxin exposure via breast feeding with the ratio of immunological markers and the level of humoral antibodies up to 12 month of age was not demonstrated. In conclusion, it would appear that the content of dioxins in breast milk in the Japanese general population is not enough to induce any change in theses-examined immunological parameters during the first year of life, although long-term effects remain to be evaluated.

Download Full-text

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CALVES WHEN STIMULATING MOTHERS WITH THE IMMUNOMODULATOR AZOXIVET IN COMBINATION WITH SINESTROL 2 %

Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.31588/2413-4201-1883-245-1-192-199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 245 (1) ◽

pp. 192-199

Author(s):

S.S. Terent'ev ◽

◽

V.I. Velikanov ◽

A.V. Klyapnev ◽

A.V. Chvala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Blood ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Γ Globulins ◽

Nizhny Novgorod Region

The aim of the study was to research the effect of Azoxivet in combination with Sinestrol 2 % on the development of calf resistance. The experiment was carried out in the Dalnekonstanti-novsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. To assess the effectiveness of the experiment, the first portion of colostrum was analyzed for Ig concentration, and to analyze the development of calf resistance, immunological, morphological and biochemical analyzes of the venous blood obtained before drinking the first portion of colostrum, one hour after drinking, the next day, on the 7th, 14th and days of life were performed. As a result, an increase in the fraction of γ-globulins in the blood of calves was recorded as early as an hour after drinking colostrum, and the peak of the indicator fell on the daily age. In addition, there was an active increase in the immunological parameters of calves.

Download Full-text

Insect Crude Thoraxial Antigen-G Extracted from Apis mellifera to Enhance Serum Immunoglobulin of Goats: An Entomology Contribution in Animal Science

ANIMAL PRODUCTION ◽

10.20884/1.jap.2018.20.2.608 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Wisje Lusia Toar ◽

Laurentius Rumokoy ◽

Ivonne Maria Untu ◽

Geertruida Assa

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Treated Group ◽

Serum Immunoglobulin ◽

Control Group ◽

Immunoglobulin Level ◽

Animal Science ◽

Serum Immunoglobulin Level ◽

Pathogenic Microbes

This research was conducted to evaluate the influence of insect crude thoraxial antigen-G (CTA) extracted from Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to enhance goat’s serum immunoglobulin level. The first part of this study was the determination of insect CTA proportion level. The insects were collected from four different places: Tomohon, Minahasa, North-Minahasa and Manado areas. The second part of the study was the application of A. mellifera CTA substance on serum immunoglobulin level classification. In this part, twelve young goats handled with traditional maintenance. The animals experiment were divided in two groups: control group and the other treated with 100 µg CTA extract. The proportion of serum immunoglobulins level of goats was detected at 14th days after immunization with insects CTA extract, and compared with the animals immunoglobulin levels at the starting day of treatment. The data of CTA extract proportion level of the insects collected were subjected to statistically analysis using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SPSS 22. Concerning the classification level of the animal treated with CTA was statistically analyzed according to Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the proportion level of thoraxial antigens-G of A. mellifera from all areas observed were not significant different (P>0.05). This crude thoraxial antigens-G of this insect were able to increase serum antibody level of the experiment animal after 14 days of immunization. The immunoglobulin level qualification of animals in treated group were significant higher (P<0.05) than in control group. We concluded that the CTA extract of the Apis mellifera could be empowered to improve the young goat immunity against the pathogenic microbes in their environment.

Download Full-text

Effects of Fresh Mango Fruit Consumption on Glucose, Insulin and Satiety Hormones

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 453-453

Author(s):

Sherry Pinneo ◽

Celéste O'Mealy ◽

Martin Rosas Jr ◽

Michelle Tsang ◽

Robert Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peptide Yy ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Future Research ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Low Fat ◽

Blood Draw ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Satiety Hormone ◽

Snack Consumption

Abstract Objectives A nutrient-dense snack such as fruit may promote greater satiety which may be associated with lower food intake and weight management. Mangos could be a healthful alternative to a less nutritious snack due to its many beneficial dietary compounds. Along with carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and many vitamins and minerals, mangos also have polyphenols and phytochemicals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mangos on postprandial glucose and insulin responses as well as satiety hormone levels. Methods In a randomized crossover study design, 23 overweight and obese adults consumed either 100 Kcal of fresh mangos or isocaloric low-fat cookies for two separate occasions. Subjects came in overnight fasted and a venous blood draw was taken. They were then asked to complete the snack around 5 minutes. After 45-minutes of the participant's last bite, another venous blood draw was taken. Blood samples were analyzed for insulin, glucose and the satiety hormones leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and peptide YY (PYY). Results Both the mango and low-fat cookie consumption increased glucose and insulin with significantly less increase in mangos compared to low-fat cookies at 45-minute post snack consumption (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in satiety hormones leptin, ghrelin and PYY levels between the two snacks. There was a significant increase in CCK for both mango and low-fat cookie post snack consumption (P = 0.008). However, no differences between the two were found. Adiponectin significantly increased with post-consumption of mango (P = 0.032) and there were no significant differences with post-consumption of the low-fat cookie. Conclusions Mangos help maintain stable blood glucose and insulin levels post-consumption which in part correlates with increases of adiponectin levels. These results suggest mangos are a beneficial snack for those looking to lose weight or have a medical condition in which stabilizing postprandial glycemic response is critical. Future research on the long-term effects of mango consumption on satiety hormone levels and glucose response is warranted. Funding Sources The National Mango Board (#603,024).

Download Full-text

Consumption of organic foods and risk of atopic disease during the first 2 years of life in the Netherlands

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507815844 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 598-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Ischa Kummeling ◽

Carel Thijs ◽

Machteld Huber ◽

Lucy P. L. van de Vijver ◽

Bianca E. P. Snijders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Organic Food ◽

Atopic Disease ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Recurrent Wheeze ◽

Organic Food Consumption

We prospectively investigated whether organic food consumption by infants was associated with developing atopic manifestations in the first 2 years of life. The KOALA Birth Cohort Study in the Netherlands (n 2764) measured organic food consumption, eczema and wheeze in infants until age 2 years using repeated questionnaires. Diet was defined as conventional ( < 50 % organic), moderately organic (50–90 % organic) and strictly organic (>90 % organic). Venous blood samples taken from 815 infants at 2 years of age were analysed for total and specific IgE. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to control for potential confounding factors. Eczema was present in 32 % of infants, recurrent wheeze in 11 % and prolonged wheezing in 5 %. At 2 years of age, 27 % of children were sensitised against at least one allergen. Of all the children, 10 % had consumed a moderately organic diet and 6 % a strictly organic diet. Consumption of organic dairy products was associated with lower eczema risk (OR 0·64 (95 % CI 0·44, 0·93)), but there was no association of organic meat, fruit, vegetables or eggs, or the proportion of organic products within the total diet with the development of eczema, wheeze or atopic sensitisation. Further studies to substantiate these results are warranted.

Download Full-text

The Antisecretory Factor in Plasma and Breast Milk in Breastfeeding Mothers—A Prospective Cohort Study in Sweden

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10091227 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1227 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Gustafsson ◽

Elisabeth Granström ◽

Christina Stecksén-Blicks ◽

Christina West ◽

Sven-Arne Silfverdal

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Local Regulation ◽

Spearman Coefficient ◽

Baby Clinic ◽

Antisecretory Factor

Inflammation and infection postpartum threaten the mother and her infant. Human milk provides a defense for the infant, but inflammatory complications like mastitis may lead to the cessation of breastfeeding. Antisecretory factor (AF) has a role in the regulation of secretory processes and inflammation. The objective of the study was to describe AF-levels in plasma and breast milk, and in relation to breast complications. Breastfeeding mothers (n = 95) were consecutively recruited at a Well Baby Clinic in Umeå, Sweden. At inclusion four weeks postpartum, samples of venous blood (10 mL) and breast milk (10 mL) were collected. Active AF was analyzed with ELISA using a monoclonal antibody mAb43, and was detected in all samples of plasma and breast milk with a positive correlation (Spearman coefficient = 0.40, p < 0.001; Pearson correlation = 0.34, p < 0.01). High AF-levels in plasma correlated with high AF-levels in breast milk. The results suggest a co-regulation between active AF in plasma and breastmilk, and/or a local regulation of AF in the breast. Further studies are needed to determine the pathways for the activation of AF-levels in breast milk and plasma.

Download Full-text

Fetal Thymic Transplant in Patients With Hodgkin’s Disease

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v41.5.625.625 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 625-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Roberto Marcolongo ◽

Nicola Di Paolo

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Hodgkin's Disease ◽

Hodgkin’S Disease ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Skin Sensitivity ◽

Thymic Tissue ◽

Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Cellular Immune

Abstract Five patients with Hodgkin’s disease were treated by transplantation of fetal thymic tissue. Clinical and immunologic studies, carried out for over 5 mo thereafter, revealed a prompt improvement in previously defective cellular immune functions, including a significant rise of absolute lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and a normalization of tuberculin skin sensitivity and of the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin. It is suggested that fetal thymic transplant into patients with Hodgkin’s disease appears at present the best tool of improving their immunologic deficiency.

Download Full-text

Transfer of the ADA gene into human ADA-deficient T lymphocytes reconstitutes specific immune functions

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v80.5.1120.1120 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 1120-1124 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

G Ferrari ◽

S Rossini ◽

N Nobili ◽

D Maggioni ◽

A Garofalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Gene Transfer ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Retroviral Vector ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Proliferative Potential ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Beta Gene

Abstract Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from a patient affected by adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency were infected with a retroviral vector containing two copies of a human ADA minigene, and injected into bg/nu/xid (BNX) immunodeficient mice. Six to 10 weeks after injection, human T cells were cloned from the spleens of recipient animals and analyzed for proliferative potential, T-cell surface markers, expression of ADA activity, integration of retroviral sequences, T-cell receptor (TCR) beta gene rearrangement, and specificity of antigen recognition. Efficient gene transfer and expression restored proliferative potential in vitro and long-term survival in vivo. All clonable human T lymphocytes obtained from the spleen of recipient animals had high levels of vector-derived ADA enzyme activity and showed predominantly the CD4+ phenotype. Retroviral integrations and TCR-beta gene rearrangements demonstrated the presence of a variety of different clones in the spleens of recipient mice. Furthermore, the combined analyses of vector integration and TCR rearrangement provided evidence that a circulating progenitor cell was transduced by the retroviral vector, giving rise to different and functional TCRs. Evaluation of antigen-specificity demonstrated both alloreactive and foreign antigen specific immune responses. These results suggest that restoration of enzyme activity in human ADA-deficient peripheral blood T cells by retroviral-mediated ADA gene transfer allows in vivo survival and reconstitution of specific immune functions. Therefore, retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into circulating mononuclear cells could be successful not only in maintaining the metabolic homeostasis, but also for the development of a functional immune repertoire. This is a fundamental prerequisite for the usage of genetically engineered peripheral blood lymphocytes for somatic cell gene therapy of ADA deficiency.

Download Full-text

Potential Differences between Local and Systemic Allergic Rhinitis Induced by Birch Pollen

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1159/000509438 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 (11) ◽

pp. 831-838

Author(s):

Andrzej Bozek ◽

Jolanta Zalejska Fiolka ◽

Anna Krajewska Wojtys ◽

Beata Galuszka ◽

Anna Cudak

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Birch Pollen ◽

Provocation Test ◽

Basophil Activation Test ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Local Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Before And After ◽

Intermittent Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Bet V1

Introduction: Different endotypes of rhinitis are known, but its pathomechanism has not been conclusively established. For example, the precise difference between systemic allergic rhinitis (SAR) and local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is still being checked. Comparison of patients with LAR and with allergies to birch of those with intermittent allergic rhinitis, same allergy, or with non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) was the purpose of this study. Methods: Twenty-six patients with LAR, 18 with SAR and allergy to birch, and 21 with NAR were included. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected to undergo the following procedures at baseline: medical examinations, nasal provocation test (NPT), detection of nasal-specific IgE to birch as well as basophil activation test (BAT). All immunological parameters were detected before and after NPT. Results: Concentration of nasal IgE to Bet v1 increased comparably in the LAR and SAR groups after NPT to birch as follows: in 21 (81%) patients with LAR, 14 (78%) with SAR, and in everyone in the NAR group. Serum concentration of allergen-specific IgE to Bet v1 increased significantly from a median of 20.7 (25–75% interval: 11.2–35.6) IU/mL to 29.9 (13.6–44.1) (p = 0.028) after NPT in patients with SAR. Allergen-specific IgE to Bet v1 was absent in all patients with LAR and NAR before and after NPT. BAT with Bet v1 was positive in 22 (85%) patients with LAR, in 14 (78%) with SAR, and 2 (9.5%) with NAR. Conclusion: These obtained data suggest there are no potential mechanisms that could explain LAR compared to SAR.

Download Full-text