scholarly journals Prevalence of psychiatric disorder and the need for psychiatric care in Northern Ireland

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Mcconnell ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
Roy Mcclelland ◽  
Kate Gillespie ◽  
Sharon Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Care Assessment

BackgroundThis is the first report on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders and needs for psychiatric treatment in the District of Derry, Northern Ireland.AimsTo assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorder and the needs for treatment in the general population of Derry.MethodThe sample was drawn at random with a two-phase design using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ–28) during the first phase, and the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) with the Needs for Care Assessment (NFCAS–C) in the second phase.ResultsThe second phase (n=307) gave a weighted 1-month prevalence of hierarchically ordered ICD–10 psychiatric disorders of 7.5% and a 1-year prevalence of 12.2%. The equivalent prevalences for depressive disorders were 2.4% and 6.0%, respectively, and those for anxiety states were 3.5% and 3.7%. Only a quarter of needs for treatment were met, with the situation being better for depression than for anxiety.ConclusionsThe rates of psychiatric disorder in Derry were even higher than those reported by a similar survey in inner London. This almost certainly reflects the very high levels of social deprivation in the District. Needs for treatment were often unmet.

The validity and reliability of the fatigue syndrome that follows glandular fever

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. White ◽  
S. A. Grover ◽  
H. O. Kangro ◽  
J. M. Thomas ◽  
J. Amess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Glandular Fever ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Upper Respiratory

SYNOPSISThe validity and reliability of an empirically defined fatigue syndrome were tested in a prospective cohort study of 245 primary care patients, with glandular fever or an upper respiratory tract infection. Subjects were interviewed three times in the 6 months after onset. Subjects with the empirically defined fatigue syndrome were compared with those who were well and those who had a psychiatric disorder.The validity of the fatigue syndrome was supported, separate from psychiatric disorders in general and depressive disorders in particular. Only 16% of subjects with the principal component derived fatigue factor also met criteria for a psychiatric disorder (excluding pre-morbid phobias). Compared with subjects with psychiatric disorders, subjects with the operationally defined fatigue syndrome reported more severe physical fatigue, especially after exertion, were just as socially incapacitated, had fewer mental state abnormalities, and showed little overlap on independent questionnaires. A more mild fatigue state also existed. Both the fatigue syndrome and state were more reliable diagnoses over time than depressive disorders. The empirically defined fatigue syndrome probably is a valid and reliable condition in the 6 months following glandular fever.

The nature, frequency and course of psychiatric disorders in the first year after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2099-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Gould ◽  
J. L. Ponsford ◽  
L. Johnston ◽  
M. Schönberger
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
A Prospective Study

BackgroundPsychiatric disorders are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, few studies have examined the course of disorder development and the influence of pre-injury psychiatric history. The present study aimed to examine the frequency of, and association between, psychiatric disorders occurring pre- and post-injury, and to examine the post-injury course of disorders.MethodParticipants were 102 adults (75.5% male) with predominantly moderate-severe TBI. Participants were initially assessed for pre-injury and current disorders, and reassessed at 3, 6 and 12 months post-injury using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID).ResultsOver half of the participants had a pre-injury psychiatric disorder; predominantly substance use, mood, and anxiety disorders. In the first year post-injury, 60.8% of participants had a psychiatric disorder, commonly anxiety and mood disorders. Post-injury disorders were associated with the presence of a pre-injury history (p<0.01), with 74.5% of participants with a pre-injury psychiatric history experiencing a post-injury disorder, which commonly presented at initial assessment or in the first 6 months. However, 45.8% of participants without a pre-injury history developed a novel post-injury disorder, which was less likely to emerge at the initial assessment and generally developed later in the year.ConclusionsDespite evidence that most post-injury psychiatric disorders represent the continuation of pre-existing disorders, a significant number of participants developed novel psychiatric disorders. This study demonstrates that the timing of onset may differ according to pre-injury history. There seem to be different trajectories for anxiety and depressive disorders. This research has important implications for identifying the time individuals are most at risk of psychiatric disorders post-injury.

The general population prevalence of non-organic psychiatric disorders in subjects aged 85 years and over

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea J. Heeren ◽  
Albert M. Van Hemert ◽  
Anne M. Lagaay ◽  
Harry G. M. Rooymans
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Two Phases

SynopsisThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders was investigated in all inhabitants over 85 years of age (N = 1259), residing in Leiden, The Netherlands. The study design consisted of two phases. In the first phase the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to screen for potential cases; in the second phase all potential cases and a sample of the non-cases were interviewed with the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS). DSM-III diagnoses were made based on the GMS and on information obtained from caregivers. There was a high prevalence of organic disorders of 31% (95% CI: 27–35%). The estimated overall prevalence rate for functional disorders was 8% (95% CI: 4–12%). This is an underestimate because organic and functional disorders are mutually exclusive in DSM-III. The prevalence rate estimated for the population at risk for functional disorders (i.e. the total population minus the organic cases) was 12% (95% CI: 6–18%). This is very similar to prevalence rates for functional disorders found in population based surveys in younger age groups. Therefore, in contrast with the dementias, there appears to be no increase with age for the functional disorders.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among the Rural Geriatric Population: A Pilot Study in Karnataka, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreejith S. Nair ◽  
Pooja Raghunath ◽  
Sreekanth S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
The World

Background: Increasing life expectancy around the world, an outstanding achievement of our century, has brought with it new public health challenges. India is the second most populous country in the world, with over 72 million inhabitants above 60 years of age as of 2001. The life expectancy in India increased from 32 years in 1947 to over 66 years in 2010, with 8.0% of the population now reaching over 60 years of age. Few studies in India target the health, especially mental health, of this geriatric population. This study aims to estimate the current prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the geriatric population of the rural area of Singanodi,Karnataka, India.Methods: This cross sectional, epidemiological, community-based study was conducted in a rural health training area of Singanodi, Raichur District, Karnataka, India.The General Health Questionnaire-12, Mini Mental State Examination, and Geriatric Depression Scale were administered to 366 participants. Chi square tests with Yates correction were utilized for statistical analysis using SPSS 19.0 software.Results:We found that 33.9% of the geriatric population in the selected province were above the threshold for mental illness based on the GHQ-12 questionnaire. Females had a higher prevalence of mental disorder at 77.6% (152 out of 196) as compared to males who had a prevalence of 42.4% (72 out of 170). The most common psychiatric disorder was depression (21.9%), and generalized anxiety was present in 10.7% of the study population. Prevalence of cognitive impairment was 16.3%, with a significantly higher percentage of  affected individuals in 80+ age group.Conclusion: Mental disorders are common among elderly people, but they are not well documented in rural India. The assessment of psychiatric disorder prevalence will help strengthen psycho-geriatric services and thus improve the quality of life of the elderly.  A system that ensures comprehensive health care will have to be developed for this purpose as part of our future efforts.

Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Problems among Engineering Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
AK Pandey ◽  
BR Adhikari ◽  
SK Verma ◽  
MM Bhojak
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

INTRODUCTION: Mental health among students represents an important and growing public health concern. College is a place where student learns new experiences which play a vital role in physical as well as psychological growth for the identity consolidation. Engineering students experience frequent psychological distress as of various underlying reasons leading to psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, substance use etc. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The final sample consisted of 196 students (1st year 50, 2nd year 51, 3rd year 48 and final year 47) from the Malviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT) Jaipur, the premier engineering college of Rajasthan, India. Study was conducted in two phases. In first phase, engineering students were administered socio-demographic data sheet and GHQ-60 (General Health Questionnaire) hindi version to ascertain the extent of psychiatric illnesses. False positive cases were dropped and in second phase the diagnosed students with psychiatric problems and control group were individually administered a battery of tests to determine the role of various possible causative factors. Scores obtained on different measures were arranged as per the requirement of research design and statistical procedure.  RESULTS: Out of all the subjects, 24.49% had some psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorder was highest i.e. 32% in 1st year students and overall in 36.60% of female students. Statistically significant differences were noted on various applied tools. CONCLUSION: Students who had higher scores on GHQ-60 scale had more neurotic problems, poor coping skills and abnormal personality traits and had high psychiatric morbidity than the vice versa group.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i2.11167 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.2(2): 6-10

The Long-Term Psychiatric Consequences of Accidental Injury

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrik Malt
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Clinical Interviews

One hundred and seven accidentally injured adults were studied while in hospital and assessed prospectively twice more in a mean period of 28 months. The patients were studied by means of taped clinical interviews, including the Comprehensive Psycho-pathological Rating Scale (which includes the Montgomery-åsberg Depression Rating Scale), and several self-report measures of distress (Schedule of Recent Life Events, General Health Questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale and State Anxiety Inventory) at the three assessments. The total incidence of psychiatric disorders considered to be caused by the accident during the follow-up period was 22.4%. The incidence of non-organic psychiatric disorders caused by the accident was 16.8% at the first follow-up and 9.3% at the final follow-up. Depressive disorders of different severity were most often seen. Only one patient suffered from a posttraumatic stress disorder during the follow-up, and none at the final follow-up (DSM-III). Organic mental disorders were diagnosed in 9.3% of the patients. In 5.6% of the patients this was the only disorder.

A Comparison of Tem and Apfim to the Interpretation of Modulated Microstructures

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
M.G. Burke ◽  
M.K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Superlattice Reflection ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Probe Field

Interpretation of fine-scale microstructures containing high volume fractions of second phase is complex. In particular, microstructures developed through decomposition within low temperature miscibility gaps may be extremely fine. This paper compares the morphological interpretations of such complex microstructures by the high-resolution techniques of TEM and atom probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM).The Fe-25 at% Be alloy selected for this study was aged within the low temperature miscibility gap to form a <100> aligned two-phase microstructure. This triaxially modulated microstructure is composed of an Fe-rich ferrite phase and a B2-ordered Be-enriched phase. The microstructural characterization through conventional bright-field TEM is inadequate because of the many contributions to image contrast. The ordering reaction which accompanies spinodal decomposition in this alloy permits simplification of the image by the use of the centered dark field technique to image just one phase. A CDF image formed with a B2 superlattice reflection is shown in fig. 1. In this CDF micrograph, the the B2-ordered Be-enriched phase appears as bright regions in the darkly-imaging ferrite. By examining the specimen in a [001] orientation, the <100> nature of the modulations is evident.

THE DYNAMIC FRACTURE OF TWO PHASE ALLOYS WITH SECOND PHASE INCLUSIONS

1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-251-C5-255
Author(s):  
S. Pytel ◽  
L. Wojnar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Fracture ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase

Behaviour of air injection nozzles in dissolved air flotation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Rykaart ◽  
J. Haarhoff
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Coalescence ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Nozzle Orifice ◽  
Pressure Release ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Dissolved Air

A simple two-phase conceptual model is postulated to explain the initial growth of microbubbles after pressure release in dissolved air flotation. During the first phase bubbles merely expand from existing nucleation centres as air precipitates from solution, without bubble coalescence. This phase ends when all excess air is transferred to the gas phase. During the second phase, the total air volume remains the same, but bubbles continue to grow due to bubble coalescence. This model is used to explain the results from experiments where three different nozzle variations were tested, namely a nozzle with an impinging surface immediately outside the nozzle orifice, a nozzle with a bend in the nozzle channel, and a nozzle with a tapering outlet immediately outside the nozzle orifice. From these experiments, it is inferred that the first phase of bubble growth is completed at approximately 1.7 ms after the start of pressure release.

scholarly journals A novel two-phase cycle algorithm for effective cyber intrusion detection in edge computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiguang Gong ◽  
Yunping Liu ◽  
Chuanyang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Pareto Optimal ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Phase Cycle ◽  
Positive Rate

AbstractEdge computing extends traditional cloud services to the edge of the network, closer to users, and is suitable for network services with low latency requirements. With the rise of edge computing, its security issues have also received increasing attention. In this paper, a novel two-phase cycle algorithm is proposed for effective cyber intrusion detection in edge computing based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and modified back-propagation neural network (MBPNN), namely TPC-MOGA-MBPNN. In the first phase, the MOGA is employed to build a multi-objective optimization model that tries to find the Pareto optimal parameter set for MBPNN. The Pareto optimal parameter set is applied for simultaneous minimization of the average false positive rate (Avg FPR), mean squared error (MSE) and negative average true positive rate (Avg TPR) in the dataset. In the second phase, some MBPNNs are created based on the parameter set obtained by MOGA and are trained to search for a more optimal parameter set locally. The parameter set obtained in the second phase is used as the input of the first phase, and the training process is repeated until the termination criteria are reached. A benchmark dataset, KDD cup 1999, is used to demonstrate and validate the performance of the proposed approach for intrusion detection. The proposed approach can discover a pool of MBPNN-based solutions. Combining these MBPNN solutions can significantly improve detection performance, and a GA is used to find the optimal MBPNN combination. The results show that the proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 98.81% and a detection rate of 98.23% and outperform most systems of previous works found in the literature. In addition, the proposed approach is a generalized classification approach that is applicable to the problem of any field having multiple conflicting objectives.

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