scholarly journals Relationship of suicide rates to economic variables in Europe: 2000–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis ◽  
Wolfram Kawohl ◽  
Pavlos N. Theodorakis ◽  
Ad J. F. M. Kerkhof ◽  
Alvydas Navickas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
Relationship Of

BackgroundIt is unclear whether there is a direct link between economic crises and changes in suicide rates.AimsThe Lopez-Ibor Foundation launched an initiative to study the possible impact of the economic crisis on European suicide rates.MethodData was gathered and analysed from 29 European countries and included the number of deaths by suicide in men and women, the unemployment rate, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the annual economic growth rate and inflation.ResultsThere was a strong correlation between suicide rates and all economic indices except GPD per capita in men but only a correlation with unemployment in women. However, the increase in suicide rates occurred several months before the economic crisis emerged.ConclusionsOverall, this study confirms a general relationship between the economic environment and suicide rates; however, it does not support there being a clear causal relationship between the current economic crisis and an increase in the suicide rate.

scholarly journals Immigration from the CIS countries to Russia in the context of the economic crisis in the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-694
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Piekutowska ◽  
Monika Fiedorczuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cis Countries

Research background: A series of changes towards the greater openness to the influx of foreign labour force made in recent years in the Russian Federation prompts for analysis of immigration to this country as adopted solutions in the field of the migration policy affect other regions of destination (e.g. EU). Liberalisation of access of migrants to the Russian labour market is a part of a wider problem: competition (on an international scale) for an influx of foreign labour force. In this context, it is worth examining how the crisis which affected the Russian economy influenced the scale of immigration to Russia from the main sending countries, i.e. the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to show the impact of the crisis which affected the Russian economy in recent years on the scale of immigration from the CIS countries to Russia. The main hypothesis is as follows: the factor explaining immigration from the CIS countries to Russia is the difference in the level of income measured by GDP per capita (PPP) between the sending state and the country of destination. Such studies have not been undertaken so far and, due to the role of factors inherent in the concept of post-imperial migration, it becomes relevant to examine whether the factors shaping migration (including the differences in the level of income) recognised in the neoclassical theory of migration are important in explaining the flows in this area. Methods: In order to check the relationship between immigration and the economic crisis in Russia, the analysis of correlation and regression was used. Findings & Value added: It has been shown that despite the decline in GDP in Russia, immigration from the CIS countries to Russia is not decreasing. Therefore, it is a dependence different from the assumptions of the neoclassical economy according to which the reduction of differences in the level of income between the sending state and the country of destination reduces the scale of international migrations. As it has been shown, the scale of migration to Russia may not be explained by the difference in the level of GDP per capita in all CIS countries and, inter alia, political factors, conflicts or naturalisation processes become more important in shaping the scale of migration to Russia.

The effects of the economic crisis on income convergence in the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Stanišić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Per Capita

This paper evaluates income convergence in the European Union, between “old” (EU15) and “new” member states from Central and East Europe (CEE10), and among the countries within these two groups. The GDP per capita convergence should be expected according to the exogenous economic growth model and neoclassical trade theory. The presence of σ-convergence and both absolute and conditional β-convergence is tested for on a sample of 25 European Union countries (EU25). Results confirm the existence of β-convergence of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity among EU25, but not among EU15 and CEE10 countries. σ-convergence has been confirmed among EU25 and CEE10 countries, while GDP per capita has been diverging in the EU15 group of countries. Moreover, the results reveal that recent economic crisis has reversed long-term tendencies and led to income convergence within EU15 and divergence within CEE10. During the crisis, the income differences among the EU25 countries have increased, but the scope and duration of this effect has been limited and has not affected the long term convergence path. However, the obtained long term speed of convergence is significantly lower compared with the previous researches.

scholarly journals Impact of Fiscal Deficit and Government Debt on Interest Rate in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Najia Shakir ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Salim Ullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The current study was conducted in the year 2014 in Pakistan to investigate the impact of fiscal deficit and government debt on the interest rate.  Data on selected macroeconomic variables like fiscal deficit, government debt, GDP per capita, money supply and volume of trade etc. from the year 1990 to 2012.  The study also has tried to find out that how the interest rate in the country is affected by the government debt and fiscal deficit. Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was run to address the stationary issue in the data, and then Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model test was run to check the relationship among the variables. Two models were set in the study. In the first model, the relationship of GDP per capita, money supply, total debt servicing and volume of trade showed a significant relationship with the fiscal deficit, while in the second model the relationship of inflation, fiscal deficit, money supply, government debt and public debt showed a significant relationship with the interest rate. Policy makers are advised to focus on the increase of DGP/Capita and export volume. In order to sustain the rate of inflation, the government may regulate the money supply and public borrowing.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Ekonomika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Jankauskas ◽  
Janina Šeputienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Openness To Trade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Economic literature recognizes three “deep determinants” of economic development: institutions, geography and openness to trade. Discussion in the literature focuses on what part of the income per capita variation can be explained by institutions, geography and openness to trade. The empirical results can’t offer a clear answer, but there is a broader agreement in the literature that institutions play a more important role than geography and openness to trade. What is unclear whether the institutions also can explain variation in per capita income across countries, in which institutional environment is to some degree similar..This article aims to explore and quantify the relationship of the income level with institutional environment, geography and openness to trade across countries, grouped according their institutional environment quality.The results reveal that extent to which the variation in GDP per capita can be associated with the quality of institutional environment differs a lot between good and bad institutional environment samples. The results in good institutional environment sample come in line with series of studies in which the strong and positive link between various measures of institutions and economic development was established and support primacy of institutions over openness to trade and geography. I In bad institutional environment sample, on the contrary,no evidence was found that institutions mean a lot in respect of differences in GDP per capita. These results should not be interpreted so as to mean that institutional environment is not important, rather the degree of “badness” makes no difference.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Effects of the Official Development Assistance on GDP Per Capita in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (I) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Jehangir ◽  
Hussain Ali
Keyword(s):  
Development Assistance ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Development Support ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relationship Of

The paper investigates the influence of official development support on Pakistan GDP per capita making use of time series yearly data from 1991 to 1917. ADF has been used for examining the level of integration of the data. After that, ARDL has been used for discovering the short and long-run relationship of the official development assistance and the GDP per capita. The results uncover that official assistance relationship with GDP per capita became negative in the short run in addition to a long-run period. In similar manner inflation also became negatively significant in the short and long run. Additionally, lag GDP per capita is positively significant. Population growth turned positively significant in the long run. In addition, it has become negatively significant in the short-run period of time. Furthermore, the Error Correction coefficient is –0. 83% and remained significant

Relationship of suicide rates and per capita income in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-276
Author(s):  
Reiko Hatakeyama ◽  
Aiko Hatakeyama ◽  
Atsuko Satoh ◽  
Yumiko Fukuoka ◽  
Hidetada Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Development of consumer preferences on the significant markets of pig meat

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2875-2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Tamáš ◽  
Věra Bečvářová
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Commodity Chain ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Relationship Of

The aim of the article is to describe the broader context and to verify the relationship of consumer preferences with the income situation of the population in selected regions of the world.This paper deals with the development of consumer preferences in case of pork meat commodity, through verification of relationship between consumption of pork meat and GDP per capita in selected regions (countries) of the world. Very strong relationship of dependency between the level of GDP / per capita and Consumption of animal protein / per capita has been proven through numerous scientific studies. There are also investigated the specifics, conditions and assumptions for the global market of the given commodity in the regional aspects. Consumer preferences (of investigated commodity) in the world are various due to many different factors. The current societal demand is characterized by a number of requirements for the organizations involved in the pork meat commodity chain. In the past has been considered as the most important measure to produce a cheap and safe food. Nowadays these requirements are extended on other important factors such as sustainable production, animal welfare, ethical procedures, etc. The largest extension of these requirements is typical mainly for the European markets. This creates a considerable upward pressure on costs of European businesses, which is one of the sources of their declining competitiveness in the global markets.

scholarly journals Swedish nationwide time series analysis of influenza and suicide deaths from 1910 to 1978

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049302
Author(s):  
Christian Rück ◽  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
Kinda Malki ◽  
Mats Adler ◽  
Oskar Flygare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Relationship Of

ObjectivesThere is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic will be associated with an increase in suicides, but evidence supporting a link between pandemics and suicide is limited. Using data from the three influenza pandemics of the 20th century, we aimed to investigate whether an association exists between influenza deaths and suicide deaths.DesignTime series analysis.SettingSweden.ParticipantsDeaths from influenza and suicides extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of Sweden for 1910–1978, covering three pandemics (the Spanish influenza, the Asian influenza and the Hong Kong influenza).Main outcome measuresAnnual suicide rates in Sweden among the whole population, men and women. Non-linear autoregressive distributed lag models was implemented to explore if there is a short-term and/or long-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates with suicide rates during 1910–1978.ResultsBetween 1910 and 1978, there was no evidence of either short-term or long-term significant associations between influenza death rates and changes in suicides (β coefficients of 0.00002, p=0.931 and β=0.00103, p=0.764 for short-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates, respectively, with suicide rates, and β=−0.0002, p=0.998 and β=0.00211, p=0.962 for long-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates, respectively, with suicide rates). The same pattern emerged in separate analyses for men and women.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of short-term or long-term association between influenza death rates and suicide death rates across three 20th century pandemics.

STATE REGULATION OF THE ECONOMY OF INDONESIA DURING ECONOMIC CRISES OF 1997-98 and 2008-09

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Krasnopyorov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Per Capita

The article is analyzing the models of state regulation of the economy of Indonesia throughout the Asian financial economic crisis of 1997-98 and the World economic crisis of 2008-09 and the effects on the national economy of Indonesia. The statistics of economic development (GDP and GDP per capita and other social and economic indicators) of Indonesia are analyzed and several graphs and tables have been created for the scientific research purposes. According to the research data, it has been proved that Indonesia has been constantly improving its major economic indicators (like GDP per capita, especially in comparison to the world average level) showing 5-7% rate of economic growth, only with the exception of the period of the Asian financialeconomic crisis of 1997-98, when the country’s economy was hit hard by the crisis. Throughout the article the comparative analysis of successes and failures of different models of state regulation during the economic crises of 1997-98 and 2008-09 is given. The article provides a comparative table of the model for the management of the economy in Indonesia throughout the two crises periods. The experience of Indonesia indicates that the correct and responsible, effective macroeconomic policy of the government during the world economic crises has very important meaning for the national economy of the respective country. The experience of Indonesia in successful overcome and avoiding of the international crisis of 2008-09 – is interesting and useful for the governments, committees and ministries of economic development, as well as for economists in Ukraine and other countries of the world. Unfortunately, all the economic reforms that have been implemented in Ukraine over the last 30 years have not produced the desired result. In Ukraine, in contrast to Indonesia, no high levels of economic growth were observed during the recent 30 years. In the process of 1990s economic reforms in Ukraine, there was a sharp decline in production and a great portion of the working-age population was forced to leave the country in search of better-paid jobs abroad. On the other hand, through sound economic policies, Indonesia has been able to make significant strides in creating a modern, powerful economy throughout the recent 30-40 years. At the moment the GDP of Indonesia is the 7th largest in the world (behind Germany and Russia and before Brazil).

Political groups will exploit Lebanon’s water failures

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Communal Violence ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Political Groups

Significance Water pollution has long been a problem in the area, linked to poor sewage, farming practices and rubbish disposal. Despite abundant water resources from the mountains, state dysfunction and corruption have prevented construction of adequate infrastructure. Shortages of clean water are exacerbated by the current economic crisis and COVID-19 pandemic. Impacts The mounting crisis could focus popular concerns more closely on the provision of basic necessities, especially in cities. The civil war model of factions providing food and aid raises risks of communal violence. Infrastructure failures are likely to boost public resentment of hosting the world’s largest per capita refugee presence.

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