scholarly journals Origin and schizophrenia in young refugees and inter-country adoptees from Latin America and East Africa in Sweden: a comparative study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio Manhica ◽  
Anna-Clara Hollander ◽  
Ylva B. Almquist ◽  
Mikael Rostila ◽  
Anders Hjern
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Latin America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hazard Ratios

BackgroundMigrants' socioeconomic adversity has been linked to schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate whether the more favourable socioeconomic situation of adoptees prevents them from the high risk of schizophrenia found in other migrants.MethodRegister study in a cohort of refugees and inter-country adoptees aged 16–40 years, born in East Africa (n=8389), Latin America (n=11 572) and 1.2 million native Swedes. Cox-regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of schizophrenia in data from psychiatric care.ResultsDespite diverse income levels, HRs for schizophrenia were similar for refugees and adoptees, with East Africans having the highest HRs: 5.83 (3.30–10.27) and 5.80 (5.03–6.70), followed by Latin Americans: HRs 3.09 (2.49–3.83) and 2.31 (1.79–2.97), compared with native Swedes. Adjustment for income decreased these risks slightly for refugees, but not for adoptees.ConclusionsThis study suggests that risk factors associated with origin are more important determinants of schizophrenia than socioeconomic adversity in the country of settlement.

Treatment Time or Convection Volume in HDF: What Drives the Reduced Mortality Risk?

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camiel L.M. de Roij van Zuijdewijn ◽  
Menso J. Nubé ◽  
Piet M. ter Wee ◽  
Peter J. Blankestijn ◽  
Renée Lévesque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
High Volume ◽  
P Values ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Background/Aims: Treatment time is associated with survival in hemodialysis (HD) patients and with convection volume in hemodiafiltration (HDF) patients. High-volume HDF is associated with improved survival. Therefore, we investigated whether this survival benefit is explained by treatment time. Methods: Participants were subdivided into four groups: HD and tertiles of convection volume in HDF. Three Cox regression models were fitted to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality of HDF subgroups versus HD: (1) crude, (2) adjusted for confounders, (3) model 2 plus mean treatment time. As the only difference between the latter models is treatment time, any change in HRs is due to this variable. Results: 114/700 analyzed individuals were treated with high-volume HDF. HRs of high-volume HDF are 0.61, 0.62 and 0.64 in the three models, respectively (p values <0.05). Confidence intervals of models 2 and 3 overlap. Conclusion: The survival benefit of high-volume HDF over HD is independent of treatment time.

Impact of Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis Modality on Outcomes: A Cohort Study of the French Language Peritoneal Dialysis Registry

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solène Guilloteau ◽  
Thierry Lobbedez ◽  
Sonia Guillouët ◽  
Christian Verger ◽  
Maxence Ficheux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
French Language ◽  
Dialysis Modality ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Effect Of Pd ◽  
Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis

Background: Patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) can be assisted by a nurse or a family member and treated either by automated PD (APD) or continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PD modality and type of assistance on the risk of transfer to haemodialysis (HD) and on the peritonitis risk in assisted PD patients. Method: This was a retrospective study based on data from the French Language PD Registry. All adults starting assisted PD in France between 2006 and 2015 were included. Events of interest were transfer to HD, peritonitis and death. Cox regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: Among the 12,144 incident patients who started PD in France during the study period, 6,167 were assisted. There were 5,060 nurse-assisted and 1,095 family-assisted PD patients. Overall, 5,171 were treated by CAPD and 996 by APD. In multivariate analysis, CAPD, compared to APD, was not associated with the risk of transfer to HD (cause specific hazard ratios [cs-HR] 0.96 [95% CI 0.84–1.09]). Patients on nurse-assisted PD had a lower risk of transfer to HD than family assisted PD patients (cs-HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.75–0.97]). Neither PD modality nor type of assistance were associated with peritonitis risk. Conclusions: In assisted PD, technique survival was not associated with PD modality. Nurse-assisted patients had a lower risk of transfer to HD than family assisted patients. Peritonitis risk was not influenced either by PD modality, or by type of assistance. Both APD and CAPD should be offered to assisted-PD patients.

scholarly journals Analysis models for variables associated with breastfeeding duration

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Theodoro dos S. Neto ◽  
Eliana Zandonade ◽  
Adauto Oliveira Emmerich
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Factors Associated

OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with breastfeeding duration by two statistical models. METHODS A population-based cohort study was conducted with 86 mothers and newborns from two areas primary covered by the National Health System, with high rates of infant mortality in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. During 30 months, 67 (78%) children and mothers were visited seven times at home by trained interviewers, who filled out survey forms. Data on food and sucking habits, socioeconomic and maternal characteristics were collected. Variables were analyzed by Cox regression models, considering duration of breastfeeding as the dependent variable, and logistic regression (dependent variables, was the presence of a breastfeeding child in different post-natal ages). RESULTS In the logistic regression model, the pacifier sucking (adjusted Odds Ratio: 3.4; 95%CI 1.2-9.55) and bottle feeding (adjusted Odds Ratio: 4.4; 95%CI 1.6-12.1) increased the chance of weaning a child before one year of age. Variables associated to breastfeeding duration in the Cox regression model were: pacifier sucking (adjusted Hazard Ratio 2.0; 95%CI 1.2-3.3) and bottle feeding (adjusted Hazard Ratio 2.0; 95%CI 1.2-3.5). However, protective factors (maternal age and family income) differed between both models. CONCLUSIONS Risk and protective factors associated with cessation of breastfeeding may be analyzed by different models of statistical regression. Cox Regression Models are adequate to analyze such factors in longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Liver Metastases in Newly Diagnosed Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Population Based Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyi Wu ◽  
Xiaoben Pan ◽  
Baohua Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Zhu ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Estimates of the incidence and prognosis of developing liver metastases at the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) diagnosis are lacking.Methods In this study, we analyzed the association of liver metastases and the PDAC patients outcome. The risk factors associated with liver metastases in PDAC patients were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. Cox regression was performed to identify factors associated with OS.Results Patients with primary PDAC in the tail of the pancreas had a higher incidence of liver metastases (62.2%) than those with PDAC in the head (28.6%). Female gender, younger age, primary PDAC in the body or tail of the pancreas, and larger primary PDAC tumor size were positively associated with the occurrence of liver metastases. The median survival of patients with liver metastases was significantly shorter than that of patients without liver metastases. Older age, unmarried status, primary PDAC in the tail of the pancreas, and tumor size ≥4 cm were risk factors for OS in the liver metastases cohort.Conclusions Population-based estimates of the incidence and prognosis of PDAC with liver metastases may help decide whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging should be performed in patients with primary PDAC in the tail or body of the pancreas. The location of primary PDAC should be considered during the diagnosis and treatment of primary PDAC.

Forced Sexual Victimization Among Youth in Custody: Do Risk Factors Vary by Gender and Perpetrator?

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Ahlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Using Data

There is relatively little literature examining risk factors associated with sexual victimization among youth in custody. The current study explored whether risk of forced sexual victimization among youth in custody differs by gender or perpetrator. Using data from a sample of 8,659 youth who participated in the National Survey of Youth in Custody, multivariate logistic regression models were employed to investigate gender differences in risk factors associated with overall forced sexual victimization and staff-on-inmate and inmate-on-inmate forced sexual victimization. Findings suggest that gender differences are more pronounced when perpetrator type is considered.

scholarly journals Abandoning resectional intent in patients initially deemed suitable for esophagectomy: a nationwide study of risk factors and outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Edholm ◽  
Mats Lindblad ◽  
Gustav Linder
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Impact On Survival

Summary The main curative treatment modality for esophageal cancer is resection. Patients initially deemed suitable for resection may become unsuitable, most commonly due to signs of generalized disease or having become unfit for surgery. The aim was to assess risk factors for abandoning esophagectomy and its impact on survival. All patients diagnosed with an esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer in the Swedish National Register for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer from 2006–2016 were included and risk factors associated with becoming ineligible for resection were analyzed in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Overall survival was explored by multivariable Cox regression models. Among 1,792 patients planned for resection, 189 (11%) became unsuitable for resection before surgery and 114 (6%) had exploratory surgery without resection. Intermediate and high educational levels were associated with an increased probability of resection (odds ratio (OR) 1.46, 95% CI 1.05–2.05, OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.28–2.87, respectively) as was marital status (married: OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.85). Clinically advanced disease (cT4: OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.87; cN3: OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.81) and neoadjuvant treatment were associated with a decreased probability of resection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.88). Five-year survival for non-resected patients was only 4.5% although neoadjuvant treatment was associated with improved survival (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56–0.99). Non-resected patients with squamous cell carcinoma had comparatively reduced survival (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.10–2.43). High socioeconomic status was associated with an increased probability of completing the plan to resect whereas clinically advanced disease and neoadjuvant treatment were independent factors associated with increased risk of abandoning resectional intent.

scholarly journals Obesity Following Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Initiation is Common and Influenced by Both Traditional and HIV-/ART-Specific Risk Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S37-S38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bakal ◽  
Lara Coelho ◽  
Paula M Luz ◽  
Jesse L Clark ◽  
Raquel De Boni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Integrase Inhibitor ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Specific Risk

Abstract Background Weight gain commonly occurs among HIV-infected (HIV+) adults initiating modern ART regimens, and obesity is increasingly reported in this population. However, data regarding specific risk factors for obesity development after ART initiation are conflicting. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from a cohort of HIV+ adults who initiated ART between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Body mass index (BMI) was assessed at ART initiation. Participants who were non-obese (BMI &lt; 30kg/m2) at baseline and had ≥90 days of ART exposure were followed for development of obesity. Participants were censored at the time of obesity diagnosis or at end of follow-up (defined as death, loss to follow-up, end of study period or 2 years after their last weight measurement). Incidence rates were estimated using Poisson regression models and risk factor assessment was calculated using Cox regression models accounting for death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results Participants (n = 1,794) were 61.3% male, 48.3% white and had a median age of 36.3 years. At ART initiation, participants had a median BMI of 22.6kg/m2 and BMI category distribution was: underweight 14%, normal weight 56%, overweight 22% and obese 8%. Of the 1,567 non-obese participants followed after ART initiation, 76% gained weight, 44% increased their BMI category and 18% developed obesity. Median BMI at the end of follow-up was 24.7kg/m2 (0.4kg/m2 median annual change), the obesity incidence rate was 37.4 per 1000 person-years and the median time to obesity diagnosis was 1.9 years (vs. 4.7 years of follow-up for participants remaining non-obese). Factors associated with obesity after ART initiation included younger age at ART initiation, female sex, higher baseline BMI, lower baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count, higher baseline HIV-1 RNA, having an integrase inhibitor as the most-used ART core drug and having diagnoses of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (Figure). Conclusion Obesity following ART initiation is frequent among HIV+ adults, with rates increasing in recent years. Both traditional (female sex) and HIV-specific (more advanced HIV disease, integrase inhibitor use) risk factors contribute importantly to obesity incidence following ART initiation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Early Recurrence of Gallstones in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopy Combined With Choledochoscopic Lithotomy: A Single-Center Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Anhua Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
Haidong Li ◽  
Wenqing Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Gallbladder Wall ◽  
Postoperative Recurrence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Objective: For patients with gallstones, laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopic lithotomy is a therapeutic surgical option for preservation rather than the removal of the gallbladder. However, postoperative recurrence of gallstones is a key concern for both patients and surgeons. This prospective study was performed to investigate the risk factors for early postoperative recurrence of gallstones.Methods: The clinical data of 466 patients were collected. Each patient was followed up for up to 2 years. The first follow-up visit occurred 4 months after the operation, and a follow-up visit was carried out every 6 months thereafter. The main goal of each visit was to confirm the presence or absence of gallbladder stones. The factors associated with gallstone recurrence were analyzed by univariate analysis and Cox regression.Results: In total, 466 eligible patients were included in the study, and 438 patients (180 men and 258 women) completed the 2-year postoperative follow-up. The follow-up rate was 94.0%. Recurrence of gallstones was detected in 5.71% (25/438) of the patients. Univariate analysis revealed five risk factors for the recurrence of gallstones. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that multiple gallstones, a gallbladder wall thickness of ≥4 mm, and a family history of gallbladder stones were the three predictive factors for postoperative recurrence of gallstones (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The overall 2-year recurrence rate of gallstones after the operation was 5.71%. Multiple gallstones, a gallbladder wall thickness of ≥4 mm, and a family history of gallstones were the three risk factors associated with early postoperative recurrence of gallstones.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium spp. on dairy farms in Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Arifin Budiman Nugraha ◽  
Umi Cahyaningsih ◽  
Etih Sudarnika
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Area Data

Cryptosporidial infection is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in humans and livestock worldwide. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and to identify potential risk factors associated with shedding of oocysts in Bogor. A total of 308 faecal samples were collected from 136 calves less than 6 months, 44 from those 6-12 months and 128 from those than 12 months. Data of factors potentially associated with the likelihood of Cryptosporidium spp. infection were recorded (i.e., enviromental status, size of herd, and herd management). Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst was identified by using modified acid fast (Ziehl Neelsen) staining technique and microscopically examined under 400x magnifition. Results showed that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in Bogor was 21.1% (CI 95%; 16.5%-25.6%). The highest prevalence was 29% (CI 95%; 26.8%-31.7%) in cattle aged less than 6 months. The oocysts abundance were around <5 oocysts per microscopy visual area. Data was analyzed using logistic regression models.  Statistical analysis showed that there were association between cryptosporidiosis and calves aged less than 6 months with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.7 (CI 95%; 1.5-5.2) times compared with cattle aged more than 12 months.

scholarly journals Preoperative Nutritional Status and Risk Factors Associated with Delayed Discharge in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xining Zhao ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yuying Yang ◽  
Yan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Delayed Discharge ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Preoperative malnutrition is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications and survival for gastric cancer (GC) patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and the risk factors associated with the delayed discharge of geriatric patients undergoing gastrectomy. Material and Methods A retrospective study of GC patients (age ≥ 65) who underwent gastrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital from January 2018 to May 2020 was conducted. Clinical data, including demographic information, medical history, surgery-related factors, and perioperative nutritional management were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 783 patients were reviewed. The overall frequency of malnutrition was 31.3% (249/783). The levels of albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin were lower in the malnutrition group compared with the well-nourished group. Moreover, 51 (6.5%) patients received preoperative total parenteral nutritional support. All patients received postoperative parenteral nutrition; 194 (77.9%) patients in the malnutrition group received an infusion of carbohydrates with composite amino acid and 55 (22.1%) received total nutrient admixture. No significant difference was found in the duration of postoperative nutrition between the groups (P>0.05). The malnutrition group was associated with a higher rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) (P<0.001). Multivariate cox regression revealed that age >70 years, length of surgery >180 min, and postoperative complications were significant risk factors associated with delayed discharge. Conclusion Malnutrition is relatively common in elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy. Age, length of surgery, and postoperative complications are important risk factors associated with delayed discharge. Elderly GC patients with risk factors urgently require specific attention to shorten hospital stays.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document