HDL subfraction distribution of paraoxonase-1 and its relevance to enzyme activity and resistance to oxidative stress

Background: Nitrate and nitrite poisoning is associated with pasture intake that has high nitrate levels and leads to acute methemoglobinemia. Pasture may accumulate nitrate under certain conditions, such as excessively fertilized soil or environmental conditions that enhance the N absorption (rain preceded by a period of drought). After ingestion of plants, this substrate reaches the rumen and, in physiological conditions, is reduced to nitrite and afterward to ammonia. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in cholinesterase activities and oxidative stress caused by subclinical poisoning for nitrate and nitrite in cattle fed with Pennisetum glaucum in three different fertilization schemes. Materials, Methods & Results: In order to perform the experimental poisoning, the pasture was cultivated in three different paddocks: with nitrogen topdressing (urea; group 1), organic fertilizer (group 2) or without fertilizer (group 3; control). Nitrate accumulation in forage was evaluated by the diphenylamine test. After food fasting of 12 h, nine bovine were randomly allocated to one of the experimental groups and fed with fresh forage (ad libitum) from respective paddock. In different time points from beginning of pasture intake (0, 2, 4, 6 and 9 h) heart rate and respiratory frequency were assessed, as well as mucous membrane color and behavioral changes. Blood samples from jugular vein into vials with and without anticoagulant were collected. From blood samples, serum nitrite levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme activity were evaluated, as well as oxidative stress through the following parameters: levels of nitrate/nitrite (NOx), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), beyond the antioxidant system by enzyme activity measurement of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The diphenylamine test was positive to group 1 and 2, so that the pasture presented 3.16 mg/kg, 2.98 mg/kg and 1.67 mg/kg of nitrate for group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, cows from group 1 demonstrated increased (P < 0.05) nitrite levels in serum, compared to other groups, and greater heart rate after 9 h (P < 0.05). The AChE and BChE activity in group 1 showed significant increase (P < 0.05) at 4 and 6 h (AChE), and 4 and 9 h (BChE) compared to group 3. Also, NOx levels were lower at 6 and 9 h (P < 0.05) and at 9 h (P < 0.05) for animals of group 1 and 2, respectively, when compared to group 3. Furthermore, in the group 1 levels of ROS and TBARS were significantly higher (P < 0.05) after 2 and 4 h, and 6 and 9 h compared to other groups, respectively. The CAT activity increased significantly (P < 0.05) with 2 and 4 h of the experiment, but on the other hand, decreased at 6 and 9 h in group 1. Nevertheless, the animals from group 2 presented only a significant reduction in this enzyme activity at 9 h. Furthermore, SOD activity was reduced in animals of groups 1 (P < 0.05) at 4, 6 and 9 h, compared to other groups. Discussion: It was concluded that the nitrate and nitrite poisoning by pasture intake cultivated and fertilized with urea leads to increased levels of serum nitrite, as well as the cholinesterase activity and causes oxidative stress in cattle. It is conjectured that the cholinesterase activity and oxidative stress may assist in understanding the pathophysiology of changes caused by poisoning.Keywords: plant toxicology, poisoning, methemoglobin, cholinergic system, oxidative stress.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Immunosuppression on Selected Antioxidant Parameters in Patients with Graves’ Disease with Active Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/a-1274-0998 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Londzin-Olesik ◽

Beata Kos-Kudla ◽

Jacek Karpe ◽

Aleksandra Nowak ◽

Mariusz Nowak

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Control Group ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Methylprednisolone Treatment ◽

Antioxidant Parameters

Abstract Background and Study Aims Thyroid-associated orbitopathy, the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease, is an autoimmune inflammation of orbital soft tissue. We report the study assessing the effect of immunosuppressive treatment with methylprednisolone on selected antioxidant parameters in patients with Graves’ disease with active thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Patients and Methods Activity and serum levels of selected antioxidant parameters as well as lipid peroxidation products were determined in a group of 56 patients with active thyroid-associated orbitopathy at three time-points: at baseline, after the discontinuation of intravenous methylprednisolone treatment and at 3 months after the discontinuation of additional oral methylprednisolone treatment. A control group consisted of 20 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. Results We found an increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and increased serum levels of uric acid, malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes, as well as a reduced activity of paraoxonase-1 and reduced serum vitamin C level in the study group at baseline. Systemic intravenous and oral methylprednisolone therapy led to normalization of activity and concentration of the most studied parameters. Conclusion Results of our study confirmed that oxidative stress is one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy and the methyloprednisolone treatment is effective in reducing both clinical symptoms and oxidative stress in patients with this disease.

Download Full-text

Paraoxonase 1 and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26082323 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2323

Author(s):

Kazuhiko Kotani ◽

Jun Watanabe ◽

Kouichi Miura ◽

Alejandro Gugliucci

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Mixed Data ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Paraoxonase Activity

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, reliable biomarkers of NAFLD in relation to oxidative stress are not available. While paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant biomarker, there appears to be mixed data on PON-1 in patients with NAFLD. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the current data on PON1 activity (i.e., paraoxonase and arylesterase) in patients with NAFLD. A PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase search identified 12 eligible articles. In the meta-analysis, the paraoxonase activity was low in patients with NAFLD (mean difference (MD) −27.17 U/L; 95% confidence interval (CI) −37.31 to −17.03). No difference was noted in the arylesterase activity (MD 2.45 U/L; 95% CI −39.83 to 44.74). In a subgroup analysis, the paraoxonase activity was low in biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (MD −92.11 U/L; 95% CI −115.11 to −69.11), while the activity in NAFLD as diagnosed by ultrasonography or laboratory data was similar (MD −2.91 U/L; 95% CI −11.63 to 5.80) to that of non-NAFLD. In summary, the PON1, especially paraoxonase, activity could be a useful biomarker of NAFLD. Further studies are warranted to ascertain the relevance of PON1 measurements in patients with NAFLD.

Download Full-text

Uric Acid, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Revista Romana de Medicina de Laborator ◽

10.1515/rrlm-2015-0039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 397-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adriana Iliesiu ◽

Alexandru Campeanu ◽

Daciana Marta ◽

Irina Parvu ◽

Gabriela Gheorghe

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Lv Function ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background. Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are major mechanisms involved in the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). Serum uric acid (sUA) is related to CHF severity and could represent a marker of xanthine-oxidase activation. The relationship between sUA, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation markers was assessed in patients with moderate-severe CHF and reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). Methods. In 57 patients with stable CHF, functional NYHA class III, with EF<40%, the LV function was assessed by N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and echocardiographically through the EF and E/e’ ratio, a marker of LV filling pressures. The relationship between LV function, sUA, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) as OS markers and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as markers of systemic inflammation was evaluated. Results. The mean sUA level was 7.9 ± 2.2 mg/dl, and 61% of the CHF patients had hyperuricemia. CHF patients with elevated LV filling pressures (E/e’ ≥ 13) had higher sUA (8.6 ± 2.3 vs. 7.3 ± 1.4, p=0.08) and NT-proBNP levels (643±430 vs. 2531±709, p=0.003) and lower EF (29.8 ± 3.9 % vs. 36.3 ± 4.4 %, p=0.001). There was a significant correlation between sUA and IL-6 (r = 0.56, p<0.001), MDA (r= 0.49, p= 0.001), MPO (r=0.34, p=0.001) and PON-1 levels (r= −0.39, p= 0.003). Conclusion. In CHF, hyperuricemia is associated with disease severity. High sUA levels in CHF with normal renal function may reflect increased xanthine-oxidase activity linked with chronic inflammatory response.

Download Full-text

PP-209: PARAOXONASE 1 ENZYME ACTIVITY IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS WITHOUT CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0167-5273(11)70408-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

pp. S148

Author(s):

E. Yucel ◽

A. Aydinlar ◽

A. Aydin Kaderli ◽

T. Senturk ◽

S. Gunay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Artery Disease

Download Full-text

Treatment of the Fluoroquinolone-Associated Disability: The Pathobiochemical Implications

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2017/8023935 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krzysztof Michalak ◽

Aleksandra Sobolewska-Włodarczyk ◽

Marcin Włodarczyk ◽

Justyna Sobolewska ◽

Piotr Woźniak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Social Problem ◽

Fenton Reaction ◽

Current Paper ◽

Bivalent Cations

Long-term fluoroquinolone-associated disability (FQAD) after fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic therapy appears in recent years as a significant medical and social problem, because patients suffer for many years after prescribed antimicrobial FQ treatment from tiredness, concentration problems, neuropathies, tendinopathies, and other symptoms. The knowledge about the molecular activity of FQs in the cells remains unclear in many details. The effective treatment of this chronic state remains difficult and not effective. The current paper reviews the pathobiochemical properties of FQs, hints the directions for further research, and reviews the research concerning the proposed treatment of patients. Based on the analysis of literature, the main directions of possible effective treatment of FQAD are proposed: (a) reduction of the oxidative stress, (b) restoring reduced mitochondrion potential ΔΨm, (c) supplementation of uni- and bivalent cations that are chelated by FQs and probably ineffectively transported to the cell (caution must be paid to Fe and Cu because they may generate Fenton reaction), (d) stimulating the mitochondrial proliferation, (e) removing FQs permanently accumulated in the cells (if this phenomenon takes place), and (f) regulating the disturbed gene expression and enzyme activity.

Download Full-text

Association of serum amyloid A and oxidative stress with paraoxonase 1 in sarcoidosis patients

European Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1111/eci.12610 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 418-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jasmina Ivanišević ◽

Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević ◽

Aleksandra Stefanović ◽

Slavica Spasić ◽

Violeta Vučinić Mihailović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Amyloid A ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Download Full-text

Oxydative stress markers and cytokine levels in rosuvastatin-medicated hypercholesterolemia patients

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2018-0267 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 530-538

Author(s):

Aysun Çetin ◽

İhsan Çetin ◽

Semih Yılmaz ◽

Ahmet Şen ◽

Göktuğ Savaş ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Phenotypic Effect ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Before And After

Abstract Background Limited research is available concerning the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation parameters, and simultaneously the effects of rosuvastatin on these markers in patients with hypercholesterolemia. We aimed to investigate the connection between cytokines and oxidative stress markers in patients with hypercholesterolemia before and after rosuvastatin treatment. Methods The study consisted of 30 hypercholesterolemic patients diagnosed with routine laboratory tests and 30 healthy participants. The lipid parameters, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in controls and patients with hypercholesterolemia before and after 12-week treatment with rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day), were analyzed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results It was found that a 12-week cure with rosuvastatin resulted in substantial reductions in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and MDA levels as in rising activities of PON1 in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Before treatment, the PON1 levels were significantly negatively correlated with TNF-α and IL-6 in control group, while it was positively correlated with TNF-α in patients. Conclusion Our outcomes provide evidence of protected effect of rosuvastatin for inflammation and oxidative damage. It will be of great interest to determine whether the correlation between PON1 and cytokines has any phenotypic effect on PON1.

Download Full-text