scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly S. Peairs ◽  
Bethany B. Barone ◽  
Claire F. Snyder ◽  
Hsin-Chieh Yeh ◽  
Kelly B. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Prognostic Outcome

Purpose The goal of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of pre-existing diabetes on breast cancer–related outcomes. Methods We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from inception through July 1, 2009, using search terms related to diabetes mellitus, cancer, and prognostic outcome. Studies were included if they reported a prognostic outcome by diabetes status, evaluated a cancer population, and contained original data published in the English language. We performed a meta-analysis of pre-existing diabetes and its effect on all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer and qualitatively summarized other prognostic outcomes. Results Of 8,828 titles identified, eight articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria and described outcomes in patients with breast cancer and diabetes. Pre-existing diabetes was significantly associated with all-cause mortality in six of seven studies. In a meta-analysis, patients with breast cancer and diabetes had a significantly higher all-cause mortality risk (pooled hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.35 to 1.65) compared with their nondiabetic counterparts. Three of four studies found pre-existing diabetes to be associated with more advanced stage at presentation. Diabetes was also associated with altered regimens for breast cancer treatment and increased toxicity from chemotherapy. Conclusion Compared with their nondiabetic counterparts, patients with breast cancer and pre-existing diabetes have a greater risk of death and tend to present at later stages and receive altered treatment regimens. Studies are needed to investigate pathophysiologic interactions between diabetes and breast cancer and determine whether improvements in diabetes care can reduce mortality in patients with breast cancer.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Impact of Atrial Fibrillation in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2490
Author(s):  
Giulio Francesco Romiti ◽  
Bernadette Corica ◽  
Gregory Y. H. Lip ◽  
Marco Proietti
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Heterogeneity

Background: In patients with COVID-19, cardiovascular complications are common and associated with poor prognosis. Among these, an association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and COVID-19 has been described; however, the extent of this relationship is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of AF in COVID-19 patients and its impact on all-cause mortality. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed and reported according to PRISMA guidelines, and a protocol for this study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021227950). PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched for relevant studies. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Overall, 31 studies were included in the analysis, with a total number of 187,716 COVID-19 patients. The prevalence of AF was found to be as high as 8% of patients with COVID-19 (95% CI: 6.3–10.2%, 95% prediction intervals (PI): 2.0–27.1%), with a high degree of heterogeneity between studies; a multiple meta-regression model including geographical location, age, hypertension, and diabetes showed that these factors accounted for more than a third of the heterogeneity. AF COVID-19 patients were less likely to be female but more likely older, hypertensive, and with a critical status than those without AF. Patients with AF showed a significant increase in the risk of all-cause mortality (OR: 3.97, 95% CI: 2.76–5.71), with a high degree of heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis focusing on new-onset AF showed the consistency of these results. Conclusions: Among COVID-19 patients, AF is found in 8% of patients. AF COVID-19 patients are older, more hypertensive, and more likely to have a critical status. In COVID-19 patients, AF is associated with a 4-fold higher risk of death. Further studies are needed to define the best treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of AF COVID-19 patients.

Benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medications for treatment of acute cocaine toxicity in animal models – A systematic review and meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1849-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennon Heard ◽  
Nathan R Cleveland ◽  
Shay Krier
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
English Language ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Absolute Risk Reduction ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Cocaine Toxicity

There are no controlled human studies to determine the efficacy of benzodiazepines or antipsychotic medications for prevention or treatment of acute cocaine toxicity. The only available controlled data are from animal models and these studies have reported inconsistent benefits. The objective of this study was to quantify the reported efficacy of benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medication for the prevention of mortality due to cocaine poisoning. We conducted a systematic review to identify English language articles describing experiments that compared a benzodiazepine or antipsychotic medication to placebo for the prevention of acute cocaine toxicity in an animal model. We then used these articles in a meta-analysis with a random-effects model to quantify the absolute risk reduction observed in these experiments. We found 10 articles evaluating antipsychotic medications and 15 articles evaluating benzodiazepines. Antipsychotic medications reduced the risk of death by 27% (95% CI, 15.2%–38.7%) compared to placebo and benzodiazepines reduced the risk of death by 52% (42.8%–60.7%) compared to placebo. Both treatments showed evidence of a dose-response effect, and no experiment found a statistically significant increase in risk of death. We conclude that both benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medications are effective for the prevention of lethality from cocaine toxicity in animal models.

scholarly journals Is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus a Risk Factor of Maternal Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review of the Literature

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Julien Simon ◽  
Karine Goueslard ◽  
Sonia Bechraoui-Quantin ◽  
Patrick Arveux ◽  
Catherine Quantin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Increased Risk

The association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and breast cancer (BC) risk is complex. We aimed to examine this association in a systematic review of the literature. This review was done using the PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used for the assessment of bias and quality of studies. Only English-language articles published before 1 June 2021, were included. Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review. Among them, eight did not find statistically significant results. Three studies showed a statistically significant increased risk of BC after GDM, and they explained this potential increased risk by hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and low-grade inflammation. However, three studies showed a statistically significant decreased risk of BC after GDM, suggesting a possible protective effect of hormonal changes induced by GDM during pregnancy. These controversial results should be interpreted with caution due to both quantitative and qualitative methodological shortcomings. Further investigations are thus needed in order to gain a better understanding of the associations between GDM and BC, and their underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Weight Gain After Breast Cancer Diagnosis and All-Cause Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. djv275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Playdon ◽  
Michael B. Bracken ◽  
Tara B. Sanft ◽  
Jennifer A. Ligibel ◽  
Maura Harrigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
All Cause Mortality

scholarly journals Association between health literacy and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-ya Fan ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Abstract Background To identify the relationship between health literacy (HL) and mortality based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Literature published from database inception until July 2020 was searched using the PubMed and Web of Science databases, using relevant keywords and clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was limited to English language articles. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data. Pooled correlation coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) between HL and mortality were estimated using Stata 15.0 software. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression. Quality of the original studies that were included in the meta-analysis was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to determine whether significant publication bias was present. Results Overall, 19 articles were included, reporting on a total of 41,149 subjects. Eleven were prospective cohort studies, and all articles were considered “good” quality. The most used screening instruments were the short Test of Functional Health Literacy (S-TOFHLA) in Adults and the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS). Among 39,423 subjects (two articles did not report the number of patients with low HL), approximately 9202 (23%) had inadequate or marginal HL. The correlation coefficient between HL and mortality was 1.25 (95%CI = 0.25–0.44). Conclusion Lower HL was associated with an increased risk of death. This finding should be considered carefully and confirmed by further research.

scholarly journals Dioxins Exposure and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nematollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi ◽  
Amal Saki Malehi ◽  
Zeinab Ghaedrahmat
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Increased Risk

Context: Dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals composed of 419 compounds are a large group of compounds, including polychlorinated di-benzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs). Dioxins are extremely persistent in the environment and disperse in a great distance from the emission source, and bioaccumulation in the food chain is one of their critical properties. The incidence of breast cancer among Iranian women is about 30 to 35 per 100,000 cases. The present study is a systematic review of published studies in English language to discover the relationship between exposure to dioxin compounds and breast cancer. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review utilizing PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and ISI web of science databases. The MeSH-based keywords used included Organic Chemical (MeSH) OR Dioxins (MeSH) AND cancer (MeSH) OR Breast cancer (MeSH) AND Breast disease (MeSH). Results: The review of the literature indicated a significant positive association between dioxins exposure and the risk of breast cancer. Only in one study, breast cancer mortality rate was reported in terms of exposure to dioxins, and standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were determined. Conclusions: Although there were limitations in this study, statistical analyses in various epidemiological studies demonstrated that dioxins exposure is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer.

Does Nasal Surgery Affect Voice Outcomes? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 1174-1185
Author(s):  
Christopher C Xiao ◽  
Friederike S. Luetzenberg ◽  
Nancy Jiang ◽  
Jonathan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Nasal Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Changes in airflow dynamics after nasal surgery may have implications on voice quality. Multiple studies have evaluated the impact of nasal surgery on voice using heterogeneous outcome measures. We aim to systematically review the impact of nasal surgery on voice quality. Methods: Our study design was a systematic review with meta-analyses. A literature search of PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane from 1997 to 2017 was performed. Inclusion criteria included English language studies containing original data on nasal surgery and voice. Two investigators independently reviewed all manuscripts and performed a comprehensive quality assessment. Meta-analysis was completed on quantitative voice measurements. Results: Of 463 identified, 19 studies with 692 patients fulfilled eligibility. Nasal surgeries performed included endoscopic sinus surgery (11/20), septoplasty (11/20), rhinoplasty (2/20), and turbinate reduction (2/20). Voice outcomes measured included nasalance (8/20), fundamental frequency (11/20), jitter (10/20), shimmer (10/20), harmonic to noise ratio (HRN) (8/20), formants (5/20), and voice handicap index (VHI) (4/20). Voice examinations were assessed preoperatively and 1 to 30 months postoperatively. Meta-analysis revealed statistically significant changes in nasalance, ( P < .01) 1 month postoperatively; there was no significant difference in nasalance at 6 months postoperatively. All other variables analyzed revealed no statistically significant differences. Five of nine studies showed majority of patients did not notice subjective change in voice after surgery, but with high heterogeneity of measurements. Conclusions: There may be a short-term increase in nasalance that resolves at longer follow-up, but there seem to be no other objective changes in voice. There may be subjective changes after surgery, but require further study to evaluate.

scholarly journals Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Combination Therapy Compared to Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Monotherapy for the Treatment of Severe Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Marco Fiore ◽  
Antonio Corrente ◽  
Maria Caterina Pace ◽  
Aniello Alfieri ◽  
Vittorio Simeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Microbiological Cure

Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) is a combination of an advanced-generation cephalosporin (ceftolozane) with a β-lactamase inhibitor (tazobactam). It is approved for the treatment of complicated urinary-tract/intra-abdominal infections and hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated pneumonia. This systematic review and meta-analysis (registered prospectively on PROSPERO, no. CRD42019134099, on 20 January 2020) aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of C/T combination therapy compared to C/T monotherapy for the treatment of severe infections and to describe the prevalence of microorganisms in the included studies. We retrieved literature from PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL, until 26 November 2020. Eligible studies were both randomised trials and nonrandomised studies with a control group, published in the English language and peer-reviewed journals. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes were (i) clinical improvement and (ii) microbiological cure. Eight nonrandomised studies were included in the qualitative synthesis: Seven retrospective cohort studies and one case-control study. The meta-analysis of the four studies evaluating all-cause mortality (in total 148 patients: 87 patients treated with C/T alone and 61 patients treated with C/T combination therapy) showed a significant reduction of mortality in patients receiving C/T combination therapy, OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.10–0.97, p = 0.045. Conversely, the meta-analysis of the studies evaluating clinical improvement and microbiological cure showed no differences in C/T combination therapy compared to C/T monotherapy. The most consistent data come from the analysis of the clinical improvement, n = 391 patients, OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.54–1.74, p = 0.909. In 238 of the 391 patients included (60.8%), C/T was used for the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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