Influence of ischemia on tissue androgens in eugonadal and androgen-deprived men treated with prostatectomy.

118 Background: Optimizing tissue androgen suppression may provide a higher rate of complete pathologic response in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa). The ability to accurately assess tissue androgens may be influenced by ischemic time and catabolism after devascularization. This study was performed to determine if ischemia influences tissue androgen in eugonadal men and in men treated with various types of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (ADT). Methods: Eugonadal men (n=12) or men treated with neoadjuvant ADT using LHRH agonist and Casodex or LHRH agonist with Dutasteride, Casodex or all three with Ketoconazole (n=34) underwent prostatectomy for localized PCa. Tissue was acquired by needle biopsy at the time of ligation of the vascular pedicles, at prostate removal and at 30 minutes after prostate removal. Prostate tissue was flash-frozen and tissue dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T) were determined by LC/MS/MS. Change in tissue androgens from clamp was assessed at each time point. Trends in androgen levels were assessed by ANOVA for eugonadal men and within each treatment group Results: Average time from clamp to removal was 23 minutes (± 8) and from removal to subsequent biopsy 32 minutes (± 2). There was no evidence for a significant change in T or DHT over the time intervals tested (one way ANOVA p>0.05 for all measures) except in patients treated with LHRH agonist and Casodex alone. In this group of patients, T declined by 34%by the time of prostate removal, and by 83% at 30 minutes after removal when compared to levels at clamp (one way ANOVA p=0.017, test for linear trend =0.007). In all other treatment groups, both T and DHT were stable for 60 minutes. Conclusions: Assessment of DHT levels in prostate tissue at prostatectomy is not compromised by ischemia. Tissue sampling from 30-60 minutes after vascular clamping yields a stable measure of tissue DHT in the majority of patients. In the absence of SRD5A blockade, testosterone sampling in castrate men is sensitive to ischemia, and delayed sampling underestimates tissue androgen levels due to ischemia-related metabolism. These results lend important insight into clinical trial design and translational endpoints.

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Low systemic testosterone levels induce androgen maintenance in benign rat prostate tissue

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/jme-13-0060 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 143-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ye Zhou ◽

Maya Otto-Duessel ◽

Miaoling He ◽

Susan Markel ◽

Tim Synold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Testosterone ◽

Prostate Tissue ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Normal Prostate ◽

Testosterone Treatment ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Rat Prostate ◽

Androgen Levels ◽

Low Serum

Prostate cancer (PC) is both an age- and an androgen-dependent disease. Paradoxically, systemic levels of androgens decline with age as the risk of PC rises. While there is no correlation between systemic androgen levels and the risk of PC, systemic androgen levels do not reflect the levels of androgens in prostate tissue. In metastatic PC, changes in the androgen biosynthesis pathway during hormone therapy result in increased levels of androgens in cancer tissue and contribute to continued androgen receptor (AR) signaling. It is possible that similar changes occur in normal prostate tissue as androgen levels decline with age and that this contributes to tumorigenesis. In the present study, we sought to determine whether the rat prostate is able to maintain functional levels of androgens despite low serum testosterone levels. Rats were castrated and implanted with capsules to achieve castrate, normal, sub-physiological, and supra-physiological levels of testosterone. After 6 weeks of treatment, LC–MS/MS was used to quantify the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the serum and prostate tissue. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to quantify the expression of genes involved in the androgen/AR signaling axis. Despite significantly different levels of testosterone and DHT being present in the serum, testosterone and DHT concentrations in prostate tissue from different testosterone-treatment groups were very similar. Furthermore, the expression of androgen-regulated genes in the prostate was similar among all the testosterone-treatment groups, demonstrating that the rat prostate can maintain a functional level of androgens despite low serum testosterone levels. Low-testosterone treatment resulted in significant alterations in the expression of androgen biosynthesis genes, which may be related to maintaining functional androgen levels.

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The accuracy of gypsum casts obtained from the disinfected extended-pour alginate impressions through prolonged storage times

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01649-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rania A. Sharif ◽

Khalid M. Abdelaziz ◽

Najla M. Alshahrani ◽

Fatimah S. Almutairi ◽

Mohrah A. Alaseri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Stability ◽

Storage Time ◽

Prolonged Storage ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Superior Surface ◽

Stability Data ◽

Surface Detail ◽

Storage Times ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Chemical Disinfection

Abstract Background Manufacturers of the extended-pour alginates claimed their dimensional stability through prolonged storage. No data confirmed the ability of these materials to maintain their dimensions and the reproduced oral details following their chemical disinfection. Therefore, this study evaluated the dimensional stability and surface detail reproduction of gypsum casts obtained from disinfected extended-pour alginate impressions through different storage time intervals. Methods Two hundred and forty three hydrocolloid impressions were made from one conventional (Tropicalgin) and two extended-pour (Hydrogum 5 and Chromaprint premium) alginates. These impressions were subjected to none, spray and immersion disinfection before their storage in 100% humidity for 0, 72 and 120 h. The dimensional stability and the surface detail reproduction were indirectly evaluated under low angle illumination on the resulted gypsum casts. At α = 0.05, the parametric dimensional stability data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s comparisons, while the nonparametric detail reproduction data were analyzed using KrusKal Wallis and Mann–Whitney's tests. Results All gypsum casts exhibited a degree of expansion; however, the recorded expansion values did not differ between test categories (P > 0.05). Generally, casts obtained from spray-disinfected impressions showed lower detail accuracy (P < 0.05). Immersion-disinfected extended-pour alginates produced casts with better detail accuracy following 120 h of storage (P < 0.05). Conclusion All alginates materials offer comparable cast dimensions under different testing circumstances. Extended-pour alginates offer casts with superior surface details following their immersion disinfection and 120 h of storage. Spray-disinfection using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite affects the surface details of casts obtained from conventional and extended-pour alginates adversely.

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A prospective randomized study to assess the efficacy of post-operative nasal medication after endonasal surgery

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100130865 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 109 (7) ◽

pp. 618-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul D. R. Spraggs ◽

Marcelle Macnamara ◽

Theo Joseph

Keyword(s):

Randomized Study ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Control Group ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Ephedrine Hydrochloride ◽

Patent Airway ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Blood Clots ◽

Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate

AbstractPost-operative nasal medications are commonly used following routine septal or turbinate surgery but their efficacy in removing blood clots, improving the sensation of a patent airway and promoting healing are unknown. This prospective randomized trial of patients undergoing septal and/or turbinate surgery assessed the efficacy of three commonly used nasal medicines, 0.5 per cent ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops, betamethasone sodium phosphate (Betnosol®) nose drops and alkaline nasal douches, in producing the sensation of a patent airway in the 14 days following surgery. Ninety-seven patients were randomized into the three treatment groups and a control group who received no nasal medication. Patients assessed their nasal patency by means of a visual analogue scale (VAS) and any complications of treatment were recorded. Statistical analysis of the 76 complete sets of results using the Mann-Whitney U-test showed that there was a significant difference in the distribution of all of the treatments for each of the time intervals (p<0.05). Glass rank biserial correlation coefficients were all small (rg<0.085) but the most significant differences were between ephedrine and the control group at two hours, two, seven and 10 days (0.02, 0.054, 0.057, 0.085 respectively), alkaline nasal douches being most significant at four and 14 days (0.06 and 0.0722 respectively).

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Learning as a Function of Subliminal Reinforcements

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1963.12.2.387 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 387-398

Author(s):

Austin Jones ◽

Melvin Manis ◽

Bernard Weiner

Keyword(s):

Relative Frequency ◽

Probability Learning ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Stimulus Category ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Significant Linear Trend ◽

Tachistoscopic Presentation ◽

Stimulus Classes ◽

Learning Trials ◽

Correct Discrimination

Three studies were conducted to assess the effects of subliminal reinforcements on learning. In the first two, Ss were given a discrimination task in which five geometric forms, repeated over 100 trials, were to be assigned to one of two categories. The categories were unbalanced; four geometric forms comprised one category, the remaining form the other. Response was required on each trial. Immediately after each response, the appropriate reinforcing word, “Right” or “Wrong,” was flashed at a subliminal brightness-contrast In Exp. I, under low motivation (without money incentives), Ss showed no learning of the correct discrimination, nor any evidence of probability learning with respect to relative frequency of stimulus categories. In Exp. II, the above procedure was replicated with money as the incentive. There again was no evidence of discrimination learning, i.e., acquisition of the correct response. There was, however, a significant linear trend ( p < .05) in the proportion of responses made to the more frequent stimulus category; Ss showed an increasing tendency to “match” the relative frequency of their two classes of response with the corresponding two stimulus classes. In Exp. III, Ss who were motivated by a money incentive attempted to guess whether E was thinking of an odd or an even number. Following each response, Ss were reinforced by tachistoscopic presentation of the word “Right” or “Wrong,” at time intervals which were too brief to permit recognition; half of the Ss were positively reinforced for emitting the response “Odd,” and half for the response “Even.” After 100 learning trials had been completed, the reinforcement contingencies were switched for an additional 20 trials, e.g., Ss who had been reinforced for “Odd” were now reinforced for “Even.” Ss in Exp. III showed no evidence of probability learning. Some possible explanations for the conflicting results of Exps. II and III were discussed.

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Peripheral androgen levels in the male brush-tail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1050063 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. D. Curlewis ◽

G. M. Stone

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Seasonal Effect ◽

Poor Correlation ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Progressive Decline ◽

Collection Period ◽

Initial Blood ◽

Androgen Levels

ABSTRACT Radioimmunoassays were established for the measurement of total androgens and the specific measurement of testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone in peripheral plasma of the brush-tail possum. Androgen concentrations were measured in blood collected from indwelling jugular cannulae (i) to determine whether the normal pattern of androgen secretion in this species was episodic and (ii) to attempt to relate total androgen and the pattern of testosterone secretion to the changes previously reported in prostatic, but not epididymal, weight in the breeding season. Blood was collected from restrained animals at varying time-intervals during daylight hours and darkness. Despite an apparent good adaptation to the sampling procedure there was generally a progressive decline in plasma androgen level during the collection period. This was true for animals bled during or out of the breeding season. There was no significant seasonal effect on the androgen concentration in the initial blood sample. When less restraint was used, two of three animals showed fluctuations in androgen levels over the 7-h sampling period. Testosterone levels in blood obtained by cardiac puncture were four- to nine-fold higher than those of 5α-dihydrotestosterone but levels of these androgens in samples obtained during the breeding season were not significantly different from those obtained out of season. The results do not argue for a pulsatile release of testosterone in the possum but do demonstrate a marked capacity for changes in the peripheral androgen concentration. There was a poor correlation between testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone levels and prostatic weight. J. Endocr. (1985) 105, 63–70

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Monomer Release from Resin Based Dental Materials Cured With LED and Halogen Lights

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697806 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 034-040 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Asli Topaloglu Ak ◽

A. Riza Alpoz ◽

Oguz Bayraktar ◽

Fahinur Ertugrul

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Dental Materials ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Significance Level ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Quartz Tungsten Halogen ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

One Way Anova

ABSTRACTObjectives: To measure the release of TEGDMA and BisGMA from two commercially available composite resins; Filtek Z 250 (3M ESPE, Germany), Leaddent (Leaddent, Germany) and two fissure sealants; Helioseal F (3M ESPE, Germany) Enamel Loc (Premiere Rev, USA) over 1, 3 and 7 days after polymerization with standard quartz-tungsten halogen Coltolux II (QHL) (Coltene Switzerland) and a standard blue light emitting diode Elipar Freelight 2 (3M ESPE, Germany).Methods: 9 samples of each material were placed in disc shaped specimens in 1 mm of thickness and 10 mm in diameter (n=36). Each material was polymerized using LED for 20 s (n=12), 40 s (n=12) and halogen for 40 s (n=12), respectively. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the amount of monomers released over 1, 3 and 7 days. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons with a significance level of .05.Results: LED 20 sec group showed the highest release of monomers at 1, 3 and 7 days in sealant groups. Halogen 40 sec group resulted highest release of monomers for Leaddent at all time intervals (P<.05)Conclusions: Efficiency of the curing unit and applying the recommended curing time of the light activated resin based dental materials is very important to protect the patient from potential hazards of residual monomers. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:34-40)

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Effect of different proteolytic enzymes on liquefaction of semen of dromedary camel

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2018.v30.i4.1670 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Mohd. Matin Ansari ◽

Sumant Vyas, Rajesh K Sawal ◽

Sanjay K. Ravi ◽

Niteen V. Patil ◽

Mustafa. Hasan Jan

Keyword(s):

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Treated Group ◽

Enzyme Treatment ◽

Dromedary Camel ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Seminal Parameters ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

Very High ◽

Artificial Vagina

In most of domestic animals, semen biology is well studied, but it is not so well studied in camelids particularly in dromedary camels. In camelids, the ejaculated semen is highly viscous, so before its evaluation and processing for preservation, it is necessary to be liquefied. Our study was designed to evaluate the effect of three different enzymes (0.1% Collagenase, 0.5 X Accutase, 0.1% Trypsin-EDTA - Ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid) on seminal viscosity at different time intervals along with its effects on seminal parameters. Semen was collected from the six adult healthy male camels using female camel as dummy. Bovine artificial vagina was used for the semen collection and ejaculate was kept at 37ºC for further processing after its collection. All three enzymes were diluted in 1x phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the semen samples were kept at 37ºC. The samples were evaluated at different time intervals 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min (T0–T240) for viscosity and it was evaluated by pipette method. Immediately after collection, the viscosity was very high, and no sperm mass motility was seen. However, after enzyme treatment viscosity was showed declining trend in all treatment groups compared to control. In trypsin treated group maximum motility was reached in 15 minutes. Live-dead percent was observed to be similar among treatment groups. Observations on liquefaction of semen revealed that use of enzymes decreasing the viscosity but with different rates.

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The Effectiveness Fig Leaves (FICUS CARICA L) Steeping Water Towards SGOT SGPT Serum on Male Wistar Rats in Critical Hepatitis Model

Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference ◽

10.35974/isc.v7i1.2087 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 826-835

Author(s):

Yosi Julianti ◽

Untung Sudharmono

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Negative Group ◽

Positive Group ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Food And Drink ◽

One Way Anova

Critical Hepatitisis is the inflammation of the liver that is caused by viruses, alchol and drugs which are characterized by the increasing values of SGOT SGPT. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of fig leaves (Ficuss carica L) steeping water towards the decrease of SGOT SGPT serum on male wistar rats in critical hepatitis model. The object of this study is 30 male wistar rats with the age of 2-3 months and weight 180-200 grams and randomly divide into 3 groups, which are the negative group that is only by giving an usual food and drink, the positive group and the treatment groups are given paracetamol 120mg/ oral for 7 days. The treatment group is given 0.65 gram/ day of fig leaves steeping water for 7 days. One way ANOVA of SPSS version 24 is used to analyze this research. The result of the study shows that there is a significant difference in SGOT serum level between the treatment group, positive group and negative group (p<0,05). And there is a significant difference in SGPT level between the treatment group and the positive group (p<0,05). The conclusion of this study is tin leaves (Ficus carica L) steeping water has an effect towards the decrease of SGOT SGPT in male Wistar rats in critical hepatitis model.

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EKSTRAK BUAH NANAS TERHADAP JUMLAH TOTAL LEUKOSIT DAN NEUTROFIL IKAN LELE (Clarias batrachus) YANG DIINFEKSI DENGAN Aeromonas hydrophila

VITEK : Bidang Kedokteran Hewan ◽

10.30742/jv.v10i0.43 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 70-77

Author(s):

Ratna Widyawati ◽

Dyah Widhowati ◽

Dhia Nadhifa

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Positive Control ◽

Clarias Batrachus ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Pineapple Fruit ◽

One Way Anova

The present research to determine the Extract of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) on the survival of catfish infected with A. Hydrophila. The main problem of cultivation of catfish (C. batrachus) is a disease caused by the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila.Catfish (Clarias batrachus) is a freshwater fish that has several advantages, one of which is a high nutritional content. Test animals used were catfish measuring 15-20cm with a body weight of ± 250gr. Challenge test by injecting A. hydrophila suspension with a dose of 108sel / mm3 as much as 0.1mm intramuscularly. Observations were made for 7 days after infection which included the total number of leukocytes and neutrophils. This study was divided into 5 treatment groups with 5 replications, namely P1 (positive control), P2 (0.1%), P3 (0.3%), P4 (0.5%), P5 (0.7%) and soaking Pineapple Fruit Extract for 24 hours. Data analysis in this study used one way ANOVA statistical test. The results showed symptoms of catfish attacked by Aeromonas hydrophila including increased total number of leukocytes and neutrophils and ulceration in catfish. Soaking effect Pineapple fruit extract 0.5% effective dose can reduce the total number of leukocytes and 0.7% effective dose can reduce the total number of neutrophils.

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Effect of Stichopus Hermanni to Bigonial Width on Maxillary Suture Expansion using Cephalometric Analysis

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v11i2.95 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Kristin Gaby Rosari ◽

Noengki Prameswari ◽

Lisdiana Mardanus

Keyword(s):

Bone Remodeling ◽

Inflammatory Process ◽

Negative Control ◽

Cephalometric Analysis ◽

Mechanical Forces ◽

Maxillary Expansion ◽

Retention Period ◽

Anova Test ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

One Way Anova

Background:Maxillary expansion uses mechanical forces to open the maxillary suture which causes inflammation and bone remodeling around the area. Stichopus hermanni is known to contain flavonoid, chondroitin sulfate, and saponin which is used to inhibit inflammatory process, increase bone metabolism and mineralization, and wound healing. Purpose: The aim of this experiment is to know the effect of Stichopus hermanni to bigonial width on maxillary suture remodeling expansion using cephalometric analysis. Materials and Methods: Experimental units used were 24 male Cavia cobaya divided into 4 groups (n=6). Group K(-) is negative control. Helical spring was applied and activated in the other 3 groups for 10 days. Group K(+) was given 2% NaCMC gel, both group P1 and P2 was given 3% Stichopus hermanni gel. Group P2 were also given retention period for 10 days after activation period. Cavia cobaya were then decapitated and observed for the bigonial width changes. The data was analyzed with One Way ANOVA test continued with LSD test. Results: The result of ANOVA test showed siginficant differences among the treatment groups p=0,000 (p<0,05). LSD test showed significant differences between group K(-) and K(+) (Sig. 0,005), K(-) and P1 (Sig. 0,001), and group K(-) and P2 (Sig. 0,000). Conclusion: 3% Stichopus hermanni gel increases bigonial width but not significant in remodeling process on maxillary suture expansion. Keywords: Stichopus hermanni, bone remodeling, maxillary suture expansion, bigonial width, cephalometric analysis Correspondence: Noengki Prameswari, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, 5912191, Email: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>

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