Biometric Measurements and Normal Growth Parameters in a Child

The mechanisms underlying growth failure in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia are poorly understood. Thirteen infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 6 months of corrected age and 12 full-term healthy control infants matched for age or size were studied. Resting oxygen consumption was measured during natural sleep, and an estimation of the resting metabolic expenditure by indirect calorimetry was performed. Growth parameters were measured, and a nutritional profile including dietary intake, stool analysis, and serum albumin, cholesterol, glucose, and prealbumin was obtained. Seven of the 13 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia had growth failure (defined as length and weight less than the tenth percentile of the Babson growth curves). These infants had lower birth weight, lower gestational age, and a greater number of days spent in supplemental oxygen or on mechanical ventilation. There was no statistical difference between the bronchopulmonary dysplasiagrowth failure and bronchopulmonary dysplasia-normal growth infants for dietary intake or stool or serum analyses. However, serum prealbumin showed a significant linear correlation with body weight in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Resting metabolic expenditure was elevated in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia with growth failure and was inversely correlated with body weight in all infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Thus, infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and growth failure have increased metabolic demands and decreased prealbumin values suggesting a relative state of protein-calorie malnutrition.

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Growth, Protein and Energy Intake in Children with PKU Taking a Weaning Protein Substitute in the First Two Years of Life: A Case-Control Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030552 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 552 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sharon Evans ◽

Anne Daly ◽

Jo Wildgoose ◽

Barbara Cochrane ◽

Satnam Chahal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Growth Parameter ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Protein Substitute ◽

Protein Requirements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Z Scores ◽

Semi Solid ◽

Control Study

Growth issues have been observed in young children with phenylketonuria (PKU), but studies are conflicting. In infancy, there is an increasing trend to introduce a second-stage semi-solid weaning protein substitute (WPS) but there is concern that this may not meet energy requirements. In this longitudinal, prospective study, 20 children with PKU transitioning to a WPS, and 20 non-PKU controls were observed monthly from weaning commencement (4–6 months) to 12 m and at 15, 18 and 24 months of age for: weight, length, head circumference, body mass index (BMI), energy and macronutrient intake. Growth parameters were within normal range at all ages in both groups with no significant difference in mean z-scores except for accelerated length in the PKU group. No child with PKU had z-scores < −2 for any growth parameter at age 2 years. Total protein and energy intake in both groups were similar at all ages; however, from 12–24 months in the PKU group, the percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate increased (60%) but from fat decreased (25%) and inversely for controls (48% and 36%). In PKU, use of low volume WPS meets Phe-free protein requirements, facilitates transition to solid foods and supports normal growth. Further longitudinal study of growth, body composition and energy/nutrient intakes in early childhood are required to identify any changing trends.

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Variability in Physiological Traits Reveals Boron Toxicity Tolerance in Aegilops Species

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.736614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mohd. Kamran Khan ◽

Anamika Pandey ◽

Mehmet Hamurcu ◽

Zuhal Zeynep Avsaroglu ◽

Merve Ozbek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Tolerance ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Adaptive Plasticity ◽

Boron Toxicity ◽

Aegilops Species ◽

Wild Wheat ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

High Level

Boron (B) is an important micronutrient required for the normal growth and development of plants. However, its excess in the soil causes severe damage to plant tissues, which affects the final yield. Wheat, one of the main staple crops, has been reported to be largely affected by B toxicity stress in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The prevalence of B toxicity stress can be addressed by utilizing wild wheat genotypes with a variant level of stress tolerance. Wild wheat relatives have been identified as a prominent source of several abiotic stress-tolerant genes. However, Aegilops species in the tertiary gene pool of wheat have not been well exploited as a source of B toxicity tolerance. This study explores the root and shoot growth, proline induction, and extent of lipid peroxidation in 19 Aegilops accessions comprising 6 different species and the B-tolerant check wheat cultivar Bolal 2973 grown under Control (3.1 μM B), toxic (1 mM B), and highly toxic (10 mM B) B stress treatment. B toxicity stress had a more decisive impact on growth parameters as compared to the malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content. The obtained results suggested that even the genotypes with high shoot B (SB) accumulation can be tolerant to B toxicity stress, and the mechanism of B redistribution in leaves should be studied in detail. It has been proposed that the studied Aegilops accessions can be potentially used for genetically improving the B toxicity-tolerance trait due to a high level of variation in the response toward high B toxicity. Though a number of accessions showed suppression in the root and shoot growth, very few accessions with stress adaptive plasticity to B toxicity stress leading to an improvement of shoot growth parameters could be determined. The two accessions, Aegilops biuncialis accession TGB 026219 and Aegilops columnaris accession TGB 000107, were identified as the potential genotypes with B toxicity stress tolerance and can be utilized for developing a pre-breeding material in B tolerance-based breeding programs.

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Physiological and Morphological Responses of Hydroponically Grown Pear Rootstock Under Phosphorus Treatment

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.696045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Guodong Chen ◽

Yang Li ◽

Cong Jin ◽

Jizhong Wang ◽

Li Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

P Deficiency ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Dark Green ◽

Hydroponically Grown

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for the growth and development of fruit trees, playing an important role in photosynthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, and enzyme activity regulation. The plasticity of plant phenotypic has been investigated in diverse species under conditions of P-deficiency or P-excess. Based on these researches, P level fluctuations in different species result in different characteristics of the response. Nevertheless, little is known about the response of pear seedling rootstock (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge) to the changing of P levels. To explore the effects of different levels of P on the growth of pear seedling rootstock, we performed the hydroponic assays to determine and analyze the biological indexes including growth parameters, photosynthetic rate, root and shoot morphological traits, and concentrations of macro- and micronutrients. The results show that either deficiency or excess of P inhibited the growth and development of pear seedling rootstock. Root growth (down 44.8%), photosynthetic rate (down 59.8%), and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity (down 44.4%) were inhibited under the P-deficiency conditions (0mM), compared with normal P conditions (1mM). On the other hand, dark green leaves, suppression of root elongation (down 18.8%), and photosynthetic rate (down 25%) were observed under regimes of excessive P, compared with normal P conditions (1mM). Furthermore, the root concentration of not only P, but also those of other mineral nutrients were affected by either P treatment. In brief, these results indicated that a careful choice of P fertilizer supply is crucial to ensuring normal growth and development of pear seedling rootstock.

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Adverse Effects of Tenofovir Use in HIV-infected Pregnant Women and their Infants

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1l083 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 42 (11) ◽

pp. 1581-1585 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Diana Nurutdinova ◽

Nur F Onen ◽

Ericka Hayes ◽

Kristin Mondy ◽

E Turner Overton

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Case Series ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Childhood Growth ◽

Highly Active

Background: Data regarding use of tenofovir disopraxil fumarate in HIV-infected pregnant women are limited. Objective: To identify adverse effects of tenofovir use during pregnancy in HIV-infected women and their infants. Methods: In a retrospective case series, the charts of 127 pregnant HIV-infected women who received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) between 2001 and 2005 were reviewed. Those who received tenofovir during pregnancy were selected for this study. Each woman's chart was reviewed for clinical data and adverse events during the pregnancy; each infant's chart was reviewed for growth parameters from birth to 12 months. Results: Fifteen HIV-infected women with limited treatment options were prescribed HAART containing tenofovir during 16 pregnancies. In utero tenofovir exposure was a median of 127 days (range 6–259). Tenofovir was well tolerated by all women throughout pregnancy. There were 15 successful deliveries occurring at a median (range) of 36 weeks (30–40), with a median birth weight of 3255 g (1135–3610). Complications, including 1 spontaneous abortion, occurred in 9 pregnancies and were not attributed to tenofovir. Eleven (73%) women had abnormal laboratory results, including 6 who experienced grade 1 hemoglobin abnormalities; 4 of these women had preexisting anemia. Calculated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation) remained above 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 in all women, except one who had a transient decline. Fourteen infants demonstrated normal growth and development for weight and height at birth, as well as during the 12-month follow-up period; no congenital malformations were documented. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV was not observed in this cohort. Conclusions: Tenofovir was found to be a well-tote rated component of HAART in this small cohort. Longer-term assessment of tenofovir effects on childhood growth and larger prospective studies of tenofovir use in pregnant women are warranted.

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ENHANCEMENT OF GROWTH AND NORMAL GROWTH PARAMETERS BY FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN TOMATO CULTIVARS GROWN AT HIGH (NaCl) SALINITY

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1081/pln-100001394 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 357-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Cengiz Kaya ◽

Halil Kirnak ◽

David Higgs

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Nacl Salinity ◽

Tomato Cultivars

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Rapid in vitro shoot regeneration of Valeriana officinalis

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v24i2.23559 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 263-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Minoo Tansaz ◽

Akram Zamani ◽

Mahmoud Otroshy

Keyword(s):

Shoot Regeneration ◽

Culture Media ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Valeriana Officinalis ◽

Mass Propagation ◽

Regenerated Plantlets ◽

In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

A protocol for efficient and rapid regeneration of medicinal plant (Valeriana officinalis L.) was developed by in vitro culture of crown division. The effect of three different culture media, MS, B5 and MB (a new combined medium) containing 12 combinations of BAP and NAA was evaluated on regeneration and growth parameters. Results revealed a significant response of media used for shoot regeneration. The best frequency of regenerated plantlets (80%) and number of regenerated shoots (9.43) were obtained on MB containing BAP (0.5 mg/l) + (0.25 mg/l). The maximum length of shoots was found in the MB with BAP (1 mg/l) + (0.5 mg/l). A positive influence of time was noticed on rooting of regenerated shoots. All acclimatized plantletswere successfully established in a greenhouse and showed normal growth. This protocol provides a technique for mass propagation of valerian and helpful for future genetic improvement studies.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(2): 263-271, 2014 (December)

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Common disorders of the lower limb

10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.013010 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Tim Theologis

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Bone Dysplasia ◽

Underlying Condition ◽

Local Bone

♦ Most torsional or angular deviations are physiological and resolve with time♦ Ensure the child has normal growth parameters♦ Take care to exclude the rare underlying condition that will require treatment♦ Coronal knee deformities may be due to a systemic or local bone dysplasia.

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The Impact of Neonatal Morbidities on Child Growth and Developmental Outcome in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Nationwide Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-168031/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jung Ho Han ◽

So Jin Yoon ◽

Joo Hee Lim ◽

Jeong Eun Shin ◽

Ho Seon Eun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Child Growth ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽

The Impact

Abstract IntroductionGrowth in preterm infants has long-term implications for neurodevelopmental outcomes. We aimed to estimate the nationwide growth outcomes from birth to 5 years in infants born under 1,500 g and to analyze the effects of major morbidities of preterm infants on growth.MethodsTotal 2,961 children with birth weight under 1,500 g who were born in 2013 and examined the Infant Health Check-up between 2013 and 2018 from the National Health Insurance Service database were included. Check-ups were at 4-6, 9-12, 18-24, 30-36, 42-48, and 54-60 months of age. Information was obtained by the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes or by the questionnaire in the check-up program.ResultsAt 60 months of age, mean percentiles of weight, height, and head circumference showed only 30 – 40th percentile of normal growth for their ages. About 30% had growth parameters below the 10th percentile and showed worse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Using multiple logistic regression, infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed significantly higher incidence of growth restriction in all three categories, weight (odds ratio [OR] 1.50), height (OR 1.33), and head circumference (OR 1.36) at 60 months. Sepsis was associated with growth restriction in weight (OR 1.43) and head circumference (OR 1.33). Periventricular leukomalacia infants had relatively small head circumferences (OR 1.91) and poor developmental screening results (OR 2.89).ConclusionCatch-up growth remains a major issue in infants born under 1,500 g, especially those with some morbidities of preterm birth. Regular check-ups to monitor and early intervention for their normal growth is essential.

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EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL INCLUSION OF MALAYSIAN RUBBER SEED, Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (EUPHORBIACEAE) ON THE TAMBACU DIET

Revista Gestão & Sustentabilidade Ambiental ◽

10.19177/rgsa.v9e02020648-661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 648

Author(s):

Daiane Milhomem Araújo ◽

Antonio Carlos Freitas Souza ◽

Jociel Ferreira Costa ◽

Francisco Eduardo Aragão Catunda Júnior ◽

Diego Carvalho Viana

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Production Systems ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Production Chain ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Biometric Measurements

In intensive production systems, fish are exposed to stressful conditions, becoming more susceptible to diseases, which may reflect on their growth parameters. Alternative growth promotion methods without environmental impacts have become the target of researchers and fish farmers. For this reason, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of including Malaysian rubber seed in the feeding of tambacu raised in cages. The seeds were collected on a farm in the municipality of Imperatriz, Maranhão, a sample was sent for physical-chemical analysis of the fixed oil. For inoculation in the diet, the husks were removed, dried at room temperature, crushed and manually mixed with the commercial ration feed following the experimental design. The quality of the water was measured throughout the experiment. Biometric measurements were performed to infer growth gains with the tested diet. The results show an influence on the inclusion of 40% of the Malaysian rubber seed in the tambacu diet during rearing. In order to reduce costs resulting from the use of alternative ration feeds, we suggest the use of Malaysian rubber seed in an attempt to minimize barriers due to the high prices of commercial ration feeds within the fish farming production chain.

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