The Role of Adipose Tissue Hypercortisolemia in the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome in Severely Obese Patients.

2010 ◽  
pp. P2-467-P2-467
Author(s):  
M Michalaki ◽  
V Kyriazopoulou ◽  
A Antonacopoulou ◽  
M Nikolaou ◽  
A Tsoukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Severely Obese

scholarly journals The Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Regulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Phelan ◽  
David M. Kerins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

<p>Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid abnormalities, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, are cardiovascular risk factors that are frequently present in patients with obesity. Haemostatic and fibrinolytic disturbances are also considered to be important risk factors for CVD hence, a potential link between CVD, obesity and the metabolic syndrome arises. Regulation of the fibrinolytic system can occur at the level of plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). PAI-1, a glycoprotein, is one of the most important inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Regulation of this serine protease inhibitor may have a beneficial effect on other conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome. Human adipose tissue is a source of PAI-1. PAI-1 production may in turn be controlled by a number of hormones and cytokines which are secreted by adipose tissue in addition to dietary factors. In this review we summarise the current knowledge regarding the role of altered fibrinolytic function in obesity, CVD and hence the metabolic syndrome. Regulatory factors including different dietary components, weight loss and dietary intervention will also be discussed.</p>

Metabolic Syndrome, a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor: Role of Adipocytokines and Impact of Diet and Physical Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay E. Robinson ◽  
Terry E. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Key Words Insulin ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
The Impact

The metabolic syndrome comprises an array of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. Insulin resistance and/or increased abdominal (visceral) obesity have been suggested as potential etiological factors. More recently, increasing evidence has associated insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation involving cytokines derived from adipose tissue, or adipocytokines. Despite the fact that precise mechanisms have yet to be established, there is a significant role for both diet and physical activity to improve the many factors associated with the metabolic syndrome, including modulation of various adipocytokines. Although both diet and physical activity have been studied for their ability to modify cytokines in more traditional inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, they have been less studied in relation to inflammation as an underlying cause of the metabolic syndrome and/or CVD. A more thorough understanding of the clustering of metabolic abnormalities and their underlying etiology will help to define diet and physical activity guidelines for preventing and treating the metabolic syndrome, an important aspect of CVD prevention. This paper will address potential underlying causes of the metabolic syndrome, with a focus on the putative mechanistic role of adipocytokines, and will discuss the impact of diet and physical activity on the metabolic syndrome. Key words: insulin resistance syndrome, obesity, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, PAI-1, inflammation, nutrition, exercise

Metabolic syndrome, inflammation and atherothrombosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Weiss ◽  
M. Rohla
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Pattern

SummaryExtensive research of the past decades altered our traditional concept about the genesis of atherosclerosis fundamentally. Today, the crucial role of inflammation in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques is indisputable. Patients at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease, owing to poor diet, obesity and low physical activity have been shown to exhibit a particular inflammatory pattern.Therefore, the present review highlights the crosslink between the metabolic syndrome (MetS), adipose tissue, adipokines and selected inflammatory cytokines in the context of atherothrombosis and cardiovascular disease.

Mammary adipose tissue and cancer cell growth: The role of adipose tissue in the tumor microenvironment

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22009-e22009
Author(s):  
P. A. Carroll ◽  
L. Healy ◽  
J. Lysaght ◽  
M. Griffin ◽  
B. Dunne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Proliferation Response

e22009 Background: Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing, correlating with a direct increase in cancer rates1. Adipose tissue is considered an important endocrine organ producing several important hormones and cytokines including leptin and adiponectin. Mechanisms for the role of obesity in cancer states includes the excess or unregulated secretion of adipocytokines from adipose tissue, and potentially the metabolic syndrome (a cluster of co-morbidities linked to metabolic dysregulation). Mammary adipose tissue is proposed to play a vital role in the microenvironment of normal and tumour states within the breast2. Breast adipose tissue is a good candidate to investigate effects of obesity and metabolic disturbances on cancer states. Methods: Peritumoural (PT) adipose tissue adjacent to the tumour and distal adipose tissue (D) within the breast was sampled in 10 patients. The tissue was processed and cultured for 72hrs in serum free minimal cytokine media. A-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were then cultured with this adipocyte conditioned media (ACM) and cell proliferation response was then measured using BrDU assays. The adipocytokine profile at the mRNA and protein level was measured in ACM and adipose tissue for comparative differences using RT-PCR, ELISA and Cytokine Profiler technology. Results: ACM from both sites promoted tumour cell survival. There was however, a differential cell proliferation response noted between the peritumoural (PT) ACM and that from the distant (D) ACM. Pro-inflammatory mediators (VEGF, TNF-α, EGF) were also demonstrated a trend to be differentially expressed between the 2 sites. Conclusions: Proliferation of breast cancer cell lines occurs in response to ACM, with differential effects seen between peritumoural ACM and distant ACM. This may be mediated through increased pro-inflammatory or pro- mitogenic adipocytokine production in adipose tissue surrounding tumour. Further analysis will determine what role obesity and the metabolic syndrome plays in the results noted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Differential miRNA Expression in Omental Adipose Tissue and in the Circulation of Obese Patients Identifies Novel Metabolic Biomarkers

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. E846-E850 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Heneghan ◽  
N. Miller ◽  
O. J. McAnena ◽  
T. O'Brien ◽  
M. J. Kerin
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Omental Fat

Background: Omental fat accumulation is associated with development of the metabolic syndrome, although its molecular characteristics are poorly understood. Mi(cro)RNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs, are known to regulate various metabolic processes, although their role in obesity and the metabolic syndrome is not clearly defined. This study sought to characterize the miRNA expression in omentum, sc fat and in the circulation of obese and nonobese individuals. Their potential as noninvasive metabolic biomarkers was also explored. Methods: miRNA was extracted from paired omentum and sc fat tissues, and blood samples, from a total of 50 obese and nonobese patients. A miRNA microarray was performed and a panel of differentially expressed miRNAs validated using RQ-PCR. Results: The miRNA expression profiles were unique for omentum and paired sc fat; no correlation in miRNA expression was observed between these two fat depots. Expression of two miRNAs (miR-17–5p and miR-132) differed significantly between obese and nonobese omental fat (P = 0.048 and P = 0.016). This expression pattern was reflected in the circulation in which these same two miRNAs were also significantly dysregulated in blood from obese subjects. The miRNA expression in omental fat and blood from obese patients correlated significantly with body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that candidate metabolic miRNAs are altered in adipose tissue and circulation of the obese. Omental fat tissue and systemic miRNA levels reflect components of the metabolic syndrome, highlighting their potential as novel biomarkers for this complex syndrome.

scholarly journals Impact of NMT1 Gene Polymorphisms on Features of the Metabolic Syndrome among Severely Obese Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Bégin ◽  
◽  
Frédéric Guénard ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
Yves Deshaies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Severely Obese

scholarly journals microRNAs as a New Mechanism Regulating Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity and as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in the Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ge ◽  
Sonia Brichard ◽  
Xu Yi ◽  
QiFu Li
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia ◽  
Mediate Inflammation

Obesity is associated closely with the metabolic syndrome (MS). It is well known that obesity-induced chronic inflammation plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of MS. White adipose tissue (AT) is the primary site for the initiation and exacerbation of obesity-associated inflammation. Exploring the mechanisms of white AT inflammation and resetting the immunological balance in white AT could be crucial for the management of MS. Several prominent molecular mechanisms have been proposed to mediate inflammation in white AT, including hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipotoxicity, and metabolic endotoxemia. Recently, a growing body of evidence supports the role of miRNAs as a new important inflammatory mediator by regulating both the adaptive and innate immunity. This review will focus on the implication of miRNAs in white AT inflammation in obesity, and will also highlight the potential of miRNAs as targets for therapeutic intervention in MS as well as the challenges lying in miRNA-targeting therapeutics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document