scholarly journals High incidence and prevalence of MS in Møre and Romsdal County, Norway, 1950–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Sverre Willumsen ◽  
Jan Harald Aarseth ◽  
Kjell-Morten Myhr ◽  
Rune Midgard
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Average Annual Incidence

ObjectiveTo determine prevalence and longitudinal trends in incidence of MS in Møre and Romsdal County, Western Norway, from 1950 to 2018.MethodsRetrospective longitudinal population-based observational study. All patients diagnosed, or living, with MS in Møre and Romsdal were identified as incident or prevalent cases from local, regional, and national sources. We compiled the data in the Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Registry and Biobank and used the aggregated data set to calculate incidence and prevalence rates using population measures obtained from Statistics Norway.ResultsOn January 1, 2018, the estimated prevalence was 335.8 (95% CI, 314.1–358.5) per 100,000 inhabitants, with a female:male ratio of 2.3. From 1950 through 2017, we observed a considerable (p < 0.001) increase in average annual incidence rates from 2.1 (95% CI, 1.3–3.3) to 14.4 (95% CI, 11.9–17.3) per 100,000. From 2005 through 2017, the incidence among women increased from 17.1 (95% CI, 14.0–20.7) to 23.2 (95% CI, 18.7–28.5) per 100,000, whereas the incidence among men declined from 10.3 (95% CI, 7.9–13.2) to 5.9 (95% CI, 3.4–8.8) per 100,000.ConclusionMøre and Romsdal County in Western Norway has the highest prevalence of MS reported in Norway. The incidence has steadily increased since 1950, and during the latest 15 years, we observed opposing trends in sex-specific incidence rates.

Incidence and risk factors for dysglycaemia in Asian-Indians: a 10-year population-based prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-141243
Author(s):  
Rahul Gupta ◽  
Satyam Singh Jayant ◽  
Ashu Rastogi ◽  
Sanjay K Bhadada ◽  
Anil Bhansali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
East Asia Region

BackgroundDiabetes prevalence estimates suggest an increasing trend in South-East Asia region, but studies on its incidence are limited. The current study aims to estimate the incidence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in a population-based cohort from India.MethodsA subset of Chandigarh Urban Diabetes Study cohort (n=1878) with normoglycaemia or pre-diabetes at baseline was prospectively followed after a median of 11 (0.5–11) years. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were diagnosed as per WHO guidelines. The incidence with 95% CI was calculated in 1000 person-years and Cox proportional hazard model was used to find the association between the risk factors and progression to pre-diabetes and diabetes.ResultsThe incidence of diabetes, pre-diabetes and dysglycaemia (either pre-diabetes or diabetes) was 21.6 (17.8–26.1), 18.8 (14.8–23.4) and 31.7 (26.5–37.6) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Age (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04), family history of diabetes (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.25) and sedentary lifestyle (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) predicted conversion from normoglycaemia to dysglycaemia, while obesity (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.89) predicted conversion from pre-diabetes to diabetes.ConclusionA high incidence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Asian-Indians suggests a faster conversion rate to dysglycaemia, which is partly explained by sedentary lifestyle and consequent obesity in these individuals. The high incidence rates call for a pressing need for public health interventions targeting modifiable risk factors.

scholarly journals A60 THE INCIDENCE OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IS DECREASING IN SASKATCHEWAN: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
J A Osei ◽  
J Peña-Sánchez ◽  
S Fowler ◽  
N Muhajarine ◽  
G G Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Average Annual Incidence ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Group Sex

Abstract Background Canada has one of the highest inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence rates worldwide, although within Canada rates vary. Evidence show increasing incidence rates of IBD in Ontario (i.e. adults aged 30–60), stable in Alberta and decreasing in Manitoba. Additionally, higher incident rates of IBD have been identified among urban regions compared to rural regions. There is limited data on the incidence of IBD in Saskatchewan. Aims The study objectives were to 1) estimate IBD incidence rates in Saskatchewan from 1999 to 2016, and 2) test for differences in IBD incidence rates for rural and urban regions of Saskatchewan. Methods A population-based study was conducted using linked provincial administrative health databases. Individuals age 18+ old with newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified using a validated case definition. Generalized linear models with a negative binomial distribution were used to estimate incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) adjusted for age group, sex, and rurality with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results In total, 4,908 newly diagnosed individuals with IBD were included. The average annual incidence rate of IBD decreased from 75 (95%CI 67–84) per 100,000 people in 1999 to 15 (95%CI 12–18) per 100,000 population in 2016. This decrease was evident in both UC (from 36/100,000 [95%CI 31–42] in 1999 to 6/100,000 [95%CI 4–8] in 2016) and CD (37/100,000 [95%CI 32–42] in 1999 to 8/100,000 [95%CI 6–10] in 2016). A significant decline of 6.9% (95%CI 6.2–7.6) in the average annual incidence of IBD was estimated between 1999 and 2016 (see Figure 1). Urban residents had a greater overall risk of IBD (IRR=1.19, 95%CI 1.11–1.27) than rural residents. This risk difference was statistically significant for CD (IRR=1.25, 95%CI 1.14–1.36), but not UC (IRR=1.08, 95%CI 0.97–1.19). Conclusions A decreasing trend in IBD incidence in Saskatchewan was identified after adjusting for age group, sex, and rural/urban region of residence. Around 150 new cases of IBD are still diagnosed annually in Saskatchewan, but this estimate is lower than estimates from other provinces. Urban dwellers have a 25% higher risk of CD onset compared to their rural counterparts. This finding could suggest the presence of specific risk factors in urban settings that require further investigation. Health care providers and decision-makers should plan IBD-specific health care programs taking into account these specific IBD rates in Saskatchewan. Funding Agencies College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan

scholarly journals Non-infectious comorbidity in patients with multiple sclerosis: A national cohort study in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205521732094776
Author(s):  
Anna Castelo-Branco ◽  
Flaminia Chiesa ◽  
Camilla E Bengtsson ◽  
Sally Lee ◽  
Neil N Minton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Bowel Dysfunction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background Comorbidity is of significant concern in multiple sclerosis (MS). Few population-based studies have reported conditions occurring in MS after diagnosis, especially in contemporary cohorts. Objective To explore incident comorbidity, mortality and hospitalizations in MS, stratified by age and sex. Methods In a Swedish population-based cohort study 6602 incident MS patients (aged ≥18 years) and 61,828 matched MS-free individuals were identified between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2016, using national registers. Incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CI were calculated for each outcome. Results IRs of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were higher among MS patients than MS-free individuals, (major adverse CVD: IRR 1.42; 95% CI 1.12–1.82; hemorrhagic/ischemic stroke: 1.46; 1.05–2.02; transient ischemic attack: 1.65; 1.09–2.50; heart failure: 1.55; 1.15–2.10); venous thromboembolism: 1.42; 1.14–1.77). MS patients also had higher risks of several non-CVDs such as autoimmune conditions (IRR 3.83; 3.01–4.87), bowel dysfunction (2.16; 1.86–2.50), depression (2.38; 2.11–2.68), and fractures (1.32; 1.19–1.47), as well as being hospitalized and to suffer from CVD-related deaths ((1.91; 1.00–3.65), particularly in females (3.57; 1.58–8.06)). Conclusion MS-patients experience a notable comorbidity burden which emphasizes the need for integrated disease management in order to improve patient care and long-term outcomes of MS.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation Applied to Health Policy in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
William Guy Scott
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
First Case

<p>Data available in the public domain are frequently aggregated to preserve confidentiality and to reduce a database to a manageable size. Drawing conclusions from such data may lead to inappropriate policy advice. The aims of this paper are to show how the aggregation of data to form rates may obscure important information and lead to misinterpretation of results. Suggestions are offered on ways in which this problem may be addressed. We also highlight the need to seek additional information in order to clarify findings. We used a case study approach by drawing on illustrative examples to highlight some problems encountered when using aggregated data about population. The focus is on health policy. Two types of problem were discussed in the cases chosen, but a common resolution was appropriate. In the first case policies based on the assumption that hospital admissions equate with disease incidence would be different from policies framed on actual incidence data. In the second, incidence rates changed when they were disaggregated to gender and age-specific rates. Policies formulated from analysis of aggregated data would be different form those based on disaggregated data. In the cases studied, the variables of gender, age and ethnicity influence incidence rates and must not be ignored. Researchers are recommended to study the data-set in the most disaggregated form available, and to check how data have been defined, collected and recorded, before preparing summary tables and graphs. Additional research or data from another source may be needed to clarify findings.</p>

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation Applied to Health Policy in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
William Guy Scott
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
First Case

<p>Data available in the public domain are frequently aggregated to preserve confidentiality and to reduce a database to a manageable size. Drawing conclusions from such data may lead to inappropriate policy advice. The aims of this paper are to show how the aggregation of data to form rates may obscure important information and lead to misinterpretation of results. Suggestions are offered on ways in which this problem may be addressed. We also highlight the need to seek additional information in order to clarify findings. We used a case study approach by drawing on illustrative examples to highlight some problems encountered when using aggregated data about population. The focus is on health policy. Two types of problem were discussed in the cases chosen, but a common resolution was appropriate. In the first case policies based on the assumption that hospital admissions equate with disease incidence would be different from policies framed on actual incidence data. In the second, incidence rates changed when they were disaggregated to gender and age-specific rates. Policies formulated from analysis of aggregated data would be different form those based on disaggregated data. In the cases studied, the variables of gender, age and ethnicity influence incidence rates and must not be ignored. Researchers are recommended to study the data-set in the most disaggregated form available, and to check how data have been defined, collected and recorded, before preparing summary tables and graphs. Additional research or data from another source may be needed to clarify findings.</p>

scholarly journals Trend of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Jordan From 2010 to 2016: Retrospective Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alhawarat ◽  
Yousef Khader ◽  
Bassam Shadfan ◽  
Nasser Kaplan ◽  
Ibrahim Iblan
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Average Annual Incidence

BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in the Middle East, with countries such as Syria reporting high incidence rates. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the trends in the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Jordan from 2010 to 2016. METHODS This retrospective study included all cases of CL that had been reported to the Leishmaniasis Surveillance System in the Department of Communicable Diseases at the Jordan Ministry of Health during the period from 2010 to 2016. A total of 1243 cases were reported and met the case definition. RESULTS A total of 1243 cases (60.65% [754/1243] males and 39.34% [489/1243] females) were diagnosed during the study period. Of this sample, 233 patients (19.13%) were aged &lt;5 years old, 451 (37.03%) were aged between 5-14 years old, 190 (15.60%) were aged between 15-24 years old, and 344 (28.24%) were aged ≥25 years old. Of those, 646 (51.97%) were Jordanians and 559 (44.97%) were Syrians. The average annual incidence rate of 1.70 per 100,000 people between 2010 and 2013 increased to 3.00 per 100,000 people in the years 2014 to 2016. There was no difference in incidence rates between Jordanians and Syrian refugees between 2010 and 2012. After 2012, the incidence rate increased significantly among Syrian refugees from 1.20 per 100,000 people in 2012 to 11.80 per 100,000 people in 2016. On the contrary, the incidence rate did not change significantly among Jordanians. CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of leishmaniasis in Jordan has increased in the last three years because of the influx of Syrian refugees into Jordan. A massive effort toward reservoir and vector control, along with actively pursuing diagnosis in endemic foci, will be helpful. Proper and studious reporting of cases is also a necessity for the eradication of this disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Russian Federation: 30 Years of Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Boyko ◽  
Mikhail Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology

In the Russian Federation, multiple sclerosis prevalence rates vary from 10 to 80 cases per 100,000, depending on region and the nationality of the population. The main characteristics of multiple sclerosis epidemiology in the XX century in this big territory are: (1) steady increase in multiple sclerosis prevalence and incidence rates, maybe because of better diagnosis and treatment, but also changes in environmental/epigenetic risk profile and/or lifestyle factors; (2) increase of the female to male ratio, increase in multiple sclerosis incidence mainly in females; (3) appearance and increasing frequency of multiple sclerosis in ethnic groups, previously free of multiple sclerosis (Northern Tribes, Yakuts and others). The latest data show that in European Russia, the multiple sclerosis prevalence varies from 30 to 80 cases, in Siberia—from 20 to 70 cases, with steady increases, especially in women.

DOMESTIC RADON EXPOSURE AND CHILDHOOD LEUKAEMIA AND LYMPHOMA: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN CANADA

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Lin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Peer Group ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Childhood Leukaemia ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Abstract In this paper, we revisit the possibility, first raised using a data set collected in the 1970s, that there is a link between average radon concentrations and the incidence of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma in Canada. Following the launch of the National Radon Program in 2007, Health Canada completed a long-term radon survey in 33 census metropolitan areas (CMAs), which covers about 70% of the Canadian population. We used this data, together with leukaemia and lymphoma incidence rates among children (0–14 years of age) in the past decade (2006–15), and tried to link the city-level average radon concentrations to the leukaemia and lymphoma incidence rates in 33 major Canadian cities. Analyses were conducted for six subtypes (ALL, AML, CMD, HL, NHL and BL) of leukaemia and lymphoma. Estimated doses to red bone marrow from domestic radon exposure were low and we did not find any association between radon exposure at home and the increased risk for developing leukaemia among children under 15 years of age living in the CMAs. The results indicate a slight positive association for AML among 1–4 year males in CMAs of Peer Group C and NHL among 5–9 year females in CMAs of Peer Group A; however, these should be interpreted with caution owing to the crude exposure assessment and possibilities of other confounding factors.

scholarly journals Temporal trends in the incidence rates of keratinocyte carcinomas from 1978 to 2018 in Tasmania, Australia: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna S. Ragaini ◽  
Leigh Blizzard ◽  
Leah Newman ◽  
Brian Stokes ◽  
Tim Albion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Australian State ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
High Incidence

Abstract Objectives We described incidence trends of keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs)—namely basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)—in the Australian state of Tasmania. Methods We identified histologically confirmed KCs within the Tasmanian Cancer Registry (TCR) and conducted assessments to ensure data quality. Age-standardised incidence rates were calculated for first (1985–2018) and annual KCs (1978–2018). Average annual percentage changes were computed using Joinpoint regression models. Results The TCR is a reliable source of KC data. A total of 83,536 people were registered with a KC between 1978 and 2018. Age-standardised incidence rates of first KCs increased on average by 3% per annum for BCCs and 4% per annum for SCCs, reaching 363/100,000 and 249/100,000 in 2018, respectively. Age-standardised incidence rates of annual KCs increased on average by 5% per annum for BCCs and 6% per annum for SCCs, up to 891/100,000 and 514/100,000 in 2018, respectively. This increase was steeper for females than males and highest during the late 1980s and early 1990s. A change in trend around 2014 suggested that incidence rates have started to decline. Conclusion While the incidence of KCs in Tasmania increased substantially over 41 years, rates have recently plateaued and started to decline. The findings may reflect changes in sun exposure behaviours due to awareness campaigns, but high incidence rates in 2018 indicate that KCs still pose a substantial burden to this population.

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