scholarly journals Microsimulation of Household and Marital Transitions Leading to Childlessness Among Dutch Women Born Between 1971 and 2000

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël Boissonneault ◽  
Joop de Beer
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Marital Transitions ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Union Instability ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

Abstract After reaching historically low levels among the women born in the early 1940s, childlessness has been increasing in most Western countries among women born in the 1950s and 1960s. This increase took place as patterns of transition to adulthood have become increasingly late, protracted, and complex. Yet, it is precisely those women who enter a first relationship late, spend more time as single, and experience union instability who more often remain childless. This suggests that levels of childlessness will continue to increase as younger cohorts complete their childbearing histories. In this study, we use microsimulation to project the household and union formation histories of cohorts of Dutch women born between 1971 and 2000. Results suggest that childlessness will actually decrease among cohorts born between 1971 and 1983 and then increase among those born between 1984 and 2000. The decrease occurs as pathways of household and union formation become later, more protracted, and more complex, but also as cohabiting women start to exhibit a higher propensity to become mothers. The increase, on the other hand, occurs as pathways become somewhat less protracted and complex, but also as the propensity of cohabiting women to become mothers returns to previous levels and as age at leaving the parental home strongly rises. Childlessness levels appear to increasingly depend on the childbearing decisions of cohabiting couples and on age at leaving the parental home.

Childlessness and union histories: evidence from Finnish population register data

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Saarela ◽  
Vegard Skirbekk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Population Register ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
First Union ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

AbstractFrom an evolutionary perspective, childlessness may be considered a failure, as it implies that there will be no direct transmission of one’s genetic material to later generations. It is also a pressing social issue, because in many contemporary advanced societies, levels of childlessness have increased, and particularly so among men. The absence of a partner is naturally a fundamental determinant of childlessness. Empirical evidence on how childlessness relates to individuals’ partnership histories is nevertheless limited. This issue was analysed with Finnish population register data, which allow the complete cohabitation and marriage histories of individuals from age 18 years to be observed. For women and men born between 1969 and 1971, logistic regression models were estimated for childlessness at age 40 by partnership histories in terms of various stages in the process of union formation and dissolution, and accounting for several socioeconomic variables. A strong link between union histories and childlessness was found, with short partnership spells raising the risk of not becoming a parent. Later age when leaving the parental home raised female childlessness, while a short first-union duration related more strongly to male childlessness. These findings may be considered as providing insights into how specific life-history strategies affect reproductive outcomes, and highlight the need to develop new approaches to understand this feature of social inequality.

Female Migrants and the Transition to Adulthood in Greater Jakarta

2013 ◽  
Vol 648 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Utomo ◽  
Anna Reimondos ◽  
Iwu Dwisetyani Utomo ◽  
Peter McDonald ◽  
Terence Hull
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Education System ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Female Migrants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

This article examines the impact of internal migration, and its timing, on young women’s transition to adulthood. Using the 2010 Greater Jakarta Transition to Adulthood Survey, we identify five key groups of women living in Greater Jakarta: those who were born there, those who migrated before the age of 10, those who migrated between ages 10 to 17, those who migrated after age 17, and circular migrants. Using retrospective quantitative data, we examine the timing of five key adulthood markers for each of these groups: leaving the parental home, leaving the education system, entering the workforce, marrying, and having children. We then explore the extent to which variation in education, marriage, and fertility patterns explain the women’s current employment outcomes. Qualitative findings are also discussed to provide insights on migration motivation and the life strategies that these women adopt to navigate their transition to adulthood.

scholarly journals Transition to Adulthood: Leaving the Parental Home in the Last Soviet and the First Post-Soviet Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Laura Daukšaitė
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Structural Environment ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

The article presents a research on trajectories of leaving the parental home in the last Soviet and the first post-Soviet generations. It focuses on social transformation of the state during the transition from the Soviet to the post-Soviet and its impact on the life-course of these generations. In our study, we applied a dyadic approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with women of the last Soviet generation (born in 1962–1972) and their children (born in 1992–2002), who represent the first post-Soviet generation. Early changes in and the differentiation of the timetable of transition to adulthood of the last Soviet generation indicated a declining effect of ideologically supported social structures on the life-course of young adults and the growing power of individual decision to leave the parental home or stay within. The rapidly increasing globalization and a transformed economy shaped a new structural environment for the coming of age for the first post-Soviet generation; therefore, we can interpret the further pluralization, de-standardization, and differentiation of the timetable of the transition to adulthood of this generation as a reaction of young people to the emerging risks and insecurities.

scholarly journals El inicio de la vida laboral como detonador de la independencia residencial de los jóvenes en México / The Start of Working Life as the Trigger for the Residential Independence of Youth in Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Julieta Pérez Amador
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Survival ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

Mientras en los países de Europa Occidental y Norteamérica la falta de empleo parece retrasar la salida de los jóvenes del hogar paterno, en México inician su transición a la edad adulta incorporándose al mercado laboral. Algunos se insertan en la actividad económica empleándose como mano de obra secundaria y como parte de una estrategia familiar de sobrevivencia, en cuyo caso su inicio en la vida laboral busca ante todo contribuir a la economía familiar y no necesariamente lograr la independencia económica. En tal contexto el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto que ocasiona en los jóvenes mexicanos el iniciar la vida laboral al salir del hogar paterno. Se analiza por separado a los jóvenes que dejan el hogar paterno por iniciar una unión conyugal y a los que lo hacen por otra razón. Excluyendo las características individuales y familiares particulares, se encuentra que la incorporación laboral está relacionada en forma fuerte y positiva con la salida del hogar paterno en ambos tipos de partida, pero es más importante entre aquellos que salen por una vía distinta a la unión en pareja. AbstractWhereas in Western European and North American countries the lack of employment appears to be delaying the age when young people leave the parental home, in Mexico youth begins it transition to adulthood by joining the labor market. Some are incorporated into economic activity by being employed as secondary labor, and part of a family survival strategy, in which case the start of their working lives seeks primarily to contribute to the family economy, rather than to achieve economic independence. In this context, the aim of this paper is to analyze the effect on Mexican youth of leaving the parental home once they start work. Young people that leave the parental home to start a conjugal union are analyzed separately from those that leave home for other reasons. Excluding particular individual and familial characteristics, the author finds that starting work is strongly and positively linked to leaving the parental home in both kinds of departure, but particularly so among those that leave home for other reasons than to begin living with their partners.

En tránsito hacia la adultez: eventos en el curso de vida de los jóvenes en México / The Transition to Adulthood: Events in the Life Course of Youth in Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Javier Echarri Cánovas ◽  
Julieta Pérez Amador
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
First Union ◽  
Born Child ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restrictive Environment ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
First Job ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar la transición de la juventud a la edad adulta en México. Para ello, analizamos el calendario y la intensidad de los eventos característicos de esta transición: salida de la escuela, primer empleo, salida del hogar paterno, primera unión y primer hijo nacido vivo. Asimismo, buscamos las interrelaciones entre estos eventos y nos enfocamos en los factores que puedan acelerar o retardar su ocurrencia. Con base en la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud 2000, los resultados de este trabajo revelan que la transición de la juventud a la edad adulta en México no necesariamente sigue la secuencia normativa con la cual ha sido definida. Los jóvenes mexicanos no concluyen sus estudios antes de empezar a trabajar; más bien, la primera transición que realizan es la incorporación al mercado de trabajo. Igualmente, aunque la mayoría deja la casa paterna para casarse o unirse, algunos ya casados y con hijos todavía residen con sus padres. Encontramos también importantes disparidades entre sexos y entre localidades de residencia no sólo en la edad a la ocurrencia de los eventos, sino también en el lapso que les toma a los jóvenes transitar hacia la adultez. Finalmente, mediante la aplicación de modelos de análisis de historia de eventos, encontramos que vivir en un ambiente restrictivo acelera la ocurrencia de los cinco eventos; por el contrario, la comunicación con los padres y una mejor situación económica retrasan su ocurrencia. AbstractThe fundamental thrust of this paper is to explore the transition from youth to adulthood in Mexico. To this end, the authors analyze the calendar and intensity of the characteristic events of this transition: leaving school, first job, leaving the parental home, first union and first live-born child. They also explore the interrelations between these events and focus on the factors that may accelerate or delay their occurrence. On the basis of the National Youth Survey 2000, the results of this article show that the transition from youth to adulthood in Mexico does not necessarily follow the normative sequence on the basis of which it has been defined. Young Mexicans do not finish their studies before starting work; instead, their first transition entails entering the job market. Likewise, although the majority leaves the parental home to marry or to live with someone, some still live with their parents even though they are married and have children. There are also significant differences between the sexes and places of residence, not only as regards the age at which events occur but also in the time it takes young people to make the transition to adulthood. Finally, through the application of models for analyzing the history of events, the authors found that living in a restrictive environment accelerates the occurrence of these five events. Conversely, communication with one’s parents and a better financial situation delay their occurrence

scholarly journals The transition to adulthood in China, Germany and the US: Prevalence and timing in private and professional life

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Fulda ◽  
Bernhard Nauck ◽  
Qiang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Employment Trajectories ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

We explore cross-country differences in the transition to adulthood between China, Germany, and the USA. Using large-scale panel studies, we examine the timing of leaving the parental home, first marriage and first parenthood. For those born between 1933 and 1988, we observe a delay in the timing of first marriage in all three societies. But the delay is steeper in the USA than in Germany and China. The age at first childbirth is increasing in all three countries. By age 30, most individuals in China have married their first partner and become parents, whereas in the USA and Germany less than half of the population have experienced one of these events. There are large differences in educational and employment trajectories between the urban and rural populations in China, less so in the USA, whereas almost no differences are observed in Germany. The three countries are alike in the proportion of individuals who have left the parental home by age 30. In all three countries, individuals without tertiary qualifications are more likely to have experienced all three events by age 30. But with regard to first marriage, a larger share of higher-educated individuals get married by the age of 30 in the USA, whereas in China it is the less educated who are more likely to get married.

NEUROTIC SYMPTOMATICS RELATED TO PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN YOUTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 2014-2019
Author(s):  
Milen Dimov
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
School Year ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Ideal

The present study traces the dynamics of personal characteristics in youth and the manifested neurotic symptoms in the training process. These facts are the reason for the low levels of school results in the context of the existing theoretical statements of the problem and the empirical research conducted among the trained teenagers. We suggest that the indicators of neurotic symptomatology in youth – aggression, anxiety, and neuroticism, are the most demonstrated, compared to the other studied indicators of neurotic symptomatology. Studies have proved that there is a difference in the act of neurotic symptoms when tested in different situations, both in terms of expression and content. At the beginning of the school year, neurotic symptoms, more demonstrated in some aspects of aggressiveness, while at the end of school year, psychotism is more demonstrated. The presented summarized results indicate that at the beginning of the school year, neurotic symptoms are strongly associated with aggression. There is a tendency towards a lower level of social responsiveness, both in the self-assessment of real behavior and in the ideal “I”-image of students in the last year of their studies. The neurotic symptomatology, more demonstrated due to specific conditions in the life of young people and in relation to the characteristics of age.

Sexual Aggressivity and Androgens

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Raboch ◽  
H. Černá ◽  
P. Zemek
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Low Levels

Male sex hormones are ascribed a great importance in the literature from the point of view of sexual activity and aggressive behaviour. Two cases of sexually motivated murder are described, committed by delinquents with low levels of testosterone in plasma: one a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome; the other a man after castration. Even a decreased level of androgens, either primary or secondary, is not an absolute prevention of sexually aggressive behaviour.

Prevalence and Causal Factors of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Extremity and Trunk among Japanese Pianists and Piano Students

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Shinichi Furuya ◽  
Hidehiro Nakahara ◽  
Tomoko Aoki ◽  
Hiroshi Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) among Japanese female classical pianists of different age groups. The causal factors for PRMDs also were examined. A group of 203 senior pianists, including piano teachers and students with piano majors at high schools and colleges, were surveyed using questionnaires. Results showed that 77% of these pianists suffered from PRMDs in at least one of their body portions. This value was larger than those reported in Western countries. Forty-four percent of these were serious enough to warrant medical treatment, which was a lower rate than reported in Western countries. The difference in these numbers may reflect the current state of understanding of PRMDs among Japanese pianists and their educators. The prevalence of PRMDs was found to be age-dependent. In the student groups, the finger/hand had the highest rate of PRMDs, followed by the forearm and shoulder. The senior group, on the other hand, had the highest PRMD incidence at the neck/trunk, followed by the forearm and hand/finger. Care may need to be exercised for these differences. The results also indicated that prolonged daily practice (>4 hours), playing chords forcefully, eagerness about practice, and nervous traits were found to contribute to the development of PRMDs in these pianists. Hand size was, on the other hand, not a significant risk factor of PRMDs.

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