Moments of Inertia of Bat Wings and Body

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKAEL THOLLESSON ◽  
ULLA M. NORBERG
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Moments Of Inertia ◽  
Wing Span ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Roll Axis ◽  
The Moment

The moments of inertia of the wings about the shoulder joint and about the roll axis were estimated in eight species of bats, using strip analysis. The moment of inertia of the bat's trunk about the roll axis was estimated by assuming the body and head to be ellipsoids. The slopes of the regressions of moment of inertia of one wing about the shoulder joint (Jw) versus body mass (mtot), wing span (b) and wing area (S) were as expected for geometrically similar animals of different size. The exponent for Jwversus body mass in bats deviates from that found for birds, while the exponent for Jw versus wing span does not. A multiple regression was used to show that Jw may be estimated by: J w = 4.49 × 10−3mtot0.53b2.15S0.65. The mean value of the moment of inertia originating from the trunk is 7 % of the bat's total moment of inertia (of wings and body combined) about the roll axis. The mass of one wing (mw) was plotted against body mass for the eight bat species, which gives: m w = 0.112mtot1 11. The slope for our bats, 1.11, is similar to that obtained for birds, 1.10. Adaptations to reduce the moments of inertia may be more important for increasing a bat's flight agility (roll acceleration) than for decreasing the total mechanical power required to fly. The influences of wing moment of inertia and wing shape on manoeuvrability and agility are discussed.

scholarly journals Age relative height, weight and body mass index percentiles of children in Jos, North-Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Ovayoza O. Mosugu ◽  
Francis Shinku ◽  
Jacob C. Nyam ◽  
Emmanuel S. Mador
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
North Central ◽  
The Mean

Background: Interpretation of body mass index in children is quite different from that in adults which use standard weight status categories that are the same for all ages and for both men and women. Aims and Objective: The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of childhood obesity in Jos. Materials and Methods: A total of 371 children were enrolled in the study. Weight was taken with only light clothing and without foot wears. Height obtained without head-gears or shoes and the measuring flat tops pressed down to avoid errors due to tall hair. Body mass index were calculated for each subject as ratio of body weight to body height. All data were analyzed statistically and separately for different ages and the mean values for height against age, weight against age, height against weight and BMI for age was obtained with centiles of absolute deviations from the mean. Results: The age of the studied population ranged from 3 – 14 years with mean of 8.4 ± 2.8. Height of the children on the other hand ranged from 0.9 – 1.64 meters with mean value of 1.26 ± 0.15 and their weight ranged from 10 – 76 kg with mean value of 25.6 ± 9.2. Out of the 371 children studied, 14 (3.8%) were found to be underweight, 302 (81.4%) had healthy weight while 41 (11%) were at risk of overweight and 14 (3.8%) were overweight. In addition, the body mass index of girls was found to be significantly higher than those of boys at 12 and 13 years only. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of childhood obesity is high in Jos, North-central Nigeria.

scholarly journals Statistical study on bodyweight and body fat among students from the Physical Education and Sport Faculty in Iaşi

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Marius Neculăeş ◽  
Paul Lucaci
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This papers aims at identifying the mean body mass index and body fat percentage among students from Physical Education and Sport Faculty in Iaşi. The study was conducted on a series of 297 students majoring in Physical Education and Sports, but also in Kinetotherapy and Special Motricity (bachelor studies and master studies). By determining the body mass index mean and body fat mean for students within five specialties, we managed to classify them into categories. The assessment of body mass index was conducted using the standard formula BMI= weight in kilograms/height in meters2 and that of body fat using the Fat Track II body fat calliper. Research findings highlighted that the body mass index mean values for each academic year range within normal parameters. As for body fat, the mean value of all academic years ranges in the “very good” and “good” categories. Whereas most mean values range within normal limits, it must not be neglected that overweight or underweight cases were also pinpointed, which should be a warning sign for the future specialists in the field of Physical Education and Sports.

scholarly journals Thermal Sensations During a Partial-Body Cryostimulation Exposure in Elite Basketball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Bouzigon ◽  
Gilles Ravier ◽  
Benoit Dugue ◽  
Frederic Grappe
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Level ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Partial-body cryostimulation is used to improve recovery after exercise, especially during competitions or heavy training; however, a limited number of studies have been conducted with international-level athletes in situ during competitions. This study was undertaken to assess the thermal sensation ratings during 3 min of cold exposure (at –130°C) in 24 international-level athletes during the European Basketball Championship. The mean thermal sensation score, measured using a perceptive scale, increased significantly (p < 0.05) during partial-body cryostimulation exposure in athletes from 3.0 ± 1.7 at 30 s to 5.7 ± 2.3 at 3 min (maximal observed value = 10.0). The mean value of 5.7 is considered a “cold” sensation on the scale (ranging from 0 = neutral sensation to 10 = very cold). However, we observed a large inter-individual variation in the perceived thermal sensations. The body mass index was significantly and negatively correlated with the thermal sensation value after 2 min 30 s and 3 min of exposure in females (r = –0.61, n = 13, p < 0.05; r = –0.56, n = 13, p = 0.054, respectively). Three participants reported high perceived thermal sensation after 30 s of exposure and their cold-induced discomfort worsened as the exposure continued. In conclusion, a 3-min exposure is globally well tolerated by athletes and can be used during a heavy competition period and/or during a training period. However, special attention should be given to female athletes with a low body mass index as they seem to be much more sensitive to cold.

New Theorems for Moments of Inertia

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Wallach
Keyword(s):  
Regular Polygon ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Regular Polygons ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Moments Of Inertia ◽  
The Moment

The moment of inertia of a plane lamina about any axis not in this plane can be easily calculated if the moments of inertia about two mutually perpendicular axes in the plane are known. Then one can conclude that the moments of inertia of regular polygons and polyhedra have symmetry about a line or point, respectively, about their centres of mass. Furthermore, the moment of inertia about the apex of a right pyramid with a regular polygon base is dependent only on the angle the axis makes with the altitude. From this last statement, the calculation of the centre of mass moments of inertia of polyhedra becomes very easy.

Serum immunoglobulins in patients with chronic tonsillitis

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1213-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbans Lal ◽  
O. P. Sachdeva ◽  
H. R. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antigenic Stimulation ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSerum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM) levels were determined in patients with chronic tonsillitis before and one month after tonsillectomy. The preoperative levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were significantly higher when compared with the controls. The increase may be due to repeated antigenic stimulation. The post-operative levels for the three immunoglobulins were decreased; however, a significant reduction was observed for IgG only where the mean value was comparable with the control group. The data confirm that tonsillectomy does not disturb the humoral immune system of the body.

scholarly journals The Effect of Propanolol on C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Severe Burns at Dr Soetomo Hospital Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aulia U H ◽  
Iswinarno Doso Saputro ◽  
Magda Rosalina Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Severe Burns ◽  
Hypermetabolic State ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Background: The incidence of burns in Indonesia progressively increases with the increase in its population and industries. From January to September 2000, 158 patients were treated in the burn unit of Dr Soetomo Hospital with a mortality rate reaching 5,8%. Burns have a direct effect in causing both local and systemic changes in the body, not occurring in other injuries. In severe burns, a hypermetabolic state can occur, which increases cardiac workload and causes muscle atrophy and other morbidities. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of propranolol on the hypermetabolic state in severely burned patients by measuring various clinical & laboratory parameters.Methods : This is an experimental study using pre and post test control group design with the objective of assessing the treatment outcome with oral propranolol given in 15 consecutive days for burn patients involving 25%- 60% TBSA. Measurements were taken three times, on day 0, 7 and 14.Results : Obtained 16 samples divided into 2 groups. In the treatment group, there was a significant decrease in CRP levels on days 0, 7 and 14 (p <0.05). The Mid Arm Circumference variable did not obtain a significant decreasing on days 0, 7 and 14. The albumin level studied showed a significant decreasing on day 0 & 7 days with a value of p = 0.045. From the comparison between the two groups, there were significant differences in CRP levels on days 0 & 14, with the mean value of the treatment group -5.12 + 2.88 and the mean value of the control group 2.86 + 7.37, and the value of p = 0.019.Conclusions: This study successfully proved that the administration of propranolol can overcome the effects of hypermetabolism which is characterized by decreasing in CRP levels.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN HOMOCYSTEIN USED AS A MARKER OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH INCREASED BODY MASS INDEX WHO HAVE MULTIPLE TRAUMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
V. V. Kucheryavchenko
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Initial Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Combined Injuries

In recent years, the concept of "metabolic syndrome" has become more spreading, and in parallel with disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction is no less significant. The aim of our work was to analyze changes in homocysteine (HC) as a marker of metabolic syndrome in patients with an increased body mass index (IBMI) in polytrauma. The study involved 224 patients with polytrauma, who had different initial values of body mass index (BMI) and were treated at the polytrauma department and the intensive care unit for patients with combined injuries for a period from 1 day to 1 year since the moment of injury. All the patients were subjected to identifying the level of serum HC. The patients had the same severity according to the APACHE II scale, 14 ± 5.8, at the admission to the hospital, and were divided into 3 stratified clinical groups depending on the initial values of anthropometric parameters and BMI. The study was conducted on the 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 360 days from the date of polytrauma. Assessment of blood serum HC was performed by ELISA. It was found that the overweight patients with BMI ≤ 29.9 demonstrated an increase in the mean values of blood HC on the 7th and 14th days of the treatment, with a further decrease on the 15th day since the date of injury. For the patients with BMI within the range of 30.0 - 39.9, the persistence of the HC index during the first month of the treatment at baseline with an increase on the 360th day was found out. The patients with BMI ˃ 40.0 showed an increase in the level of blood HC through the year since the date of polytrauma. It was revealed that the level of HС directly affects the course of traumatic disease in patients with increased BMI, its severity in terms of uniformity of injuries received and the same range of severity according to the APACHE II scale depends on BMI at the admission to the hospital.

scholarly journals Features of structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle in patients suffering from arterial hypertension with concomitant hypothyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
V. I. Tseluyko ◽  
L. M. Yakovleva ◽  
D. A. Korchagina
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Remodeling ◽  
The Mean

The aim – to study the features of structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle in patients suffering from arterial hypertension with concomitant hypothyroidism and to determine clinical and past medical history and laboratory factors associated with their development. Materials and methods. 50 patients suffering from hypertension with concomitant hypothyroidism were enrolled into the study. Depending on the level of thyroid stimulating hormone in the serum the examined patients were distributed into two groups of 25 patients with the compensated and 25 with decompensated course of hypothyroidism. The control group consisted of 30 patients with hypertension in which the pathology of the thyroid gland was excluded. The comparison of the main parameters of the echocardiography study of the myocardium has been performed depending on hypothyroidism compensation. Assessment of parameters of transmitral diastolic blood flow has been performed. A regression analysis has been conducted to detect the relation of clinical and past medical history factors and echocardiographic parameters with the development of diastolic dysfunction by E/A ratio. The values of central hemodynamics have been studied for evaluation of the contractile function of the myocardium. Results and discussion. According to the results of the echocardiography of both examined groups it has been found that the final systolic and stroke volume exceeded the parameters of the control group. The mean value of the left ventricle ejection fraction was statistically significantly lower than in the control group (p=0.004). The left ventricle myocardial mass in patients with hypothyroidism was statistically significantly greater than in the control group. It was proved that in patients, who were diagnosed with decompensated hypothyroidism, the mean value of the left atrium size to growth by the degree of 2.7 was statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.01), whereas the average value of the ratio of the size of the left atrium to the surface area of the body had no statistically significant differences between the groups. It has been found that in both groups the proportion of patients with diastolic dysfunction in which the E/A ratio was less than 1.0 was higher than in the control group (р=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). The independent factors of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in patients with hypertension in the presence of hypothyroidism have been found. Conclusions. In the presence of decompensated hypothyroidism in patients with arterial hypertension, both with obesity and with normal body mass index, left ventricular mass indexes were significantly higher in comparison with a control group. Regardless of the compensation of the thyroid state in patients with arterial hypertension, the ejection fraction was significantly lower. According to regression analysis, independent factors for the development of diastolic dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension and hypothyroidism with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 is the index of mass of the left ventricular myocardium, determined by the degree of 2.7, the level of total cholesterol to statistical significance – the level of office systolic blood pressure and the duration of hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism; with body mass index < 30 kg/m2 – age and left atrial index, determined by body surface area. For patients with arterial hypertension and reduced thyroid gland function, violation of the left ventricular myocardial relaxation is typical as evidenced by a higher proportion of patients with a decrease in E/A to less than 0.8 in these patients.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND MICROALBUMINURIA IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIVE ADULTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
IRENGBAM SUSUPRIYA DEVI ◽  
GLADYS RAI ◽  
V. P. S PUNIA ◽  
MANOJ KUMAR NANDKEOLIAR
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study aimed to find the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and microalbuminuria (MA) in essential hypertensive adults. Methods: This study included 35 essential hypertensive patients in the 18–65 years of age group, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Arterial blood pressure was measured by a sphygmomanometer and the first voided early morning urine sample was collected for the estimation of microalbumin. Results: The mean age of the population studied was 49±11.08 in essential hypertensive patients and 46.89±11.10 in the control group. The mean value of BMI in the hypertensive group was found to be 27.59±5.45. In the present study, the mean value of microalbumin in essential hypertensive patients was 20.95±16.96. A significant positive correlation between BMI and MA was observed in the study with p<0.001. Conclusion: Our study shows a positive correlation between BMI and MA. Therefore, this study will help in the early detection of renal injury and prevents its progression to renal failure by lifestyle and diet modifications.

A model for the effect of bias for cholesterol on the population at risk.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2256-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Kroll ◽  
M Ruddel ◽  
R J Elin
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Methodological Bias ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The location of the Reference Value for an analyte within the population distribution affects the magnitude of error due to methodological bias. Using the gaussian distribution, we evaluated the effects of systematic and proportional biases of the method (positive and negative), mean value, and standard deviation on the magnitude of error. We chose four Reference Values for cholesterol as a model. For a population with a mean of 2.0 and SD of 0.36 g of cholesterol per liter, a 3% positive proportional bias causes sixfold more error at the 50th percentile than at the 97.5th. In general, the error for a given bias (proportional or systematic) is greater for a Reference Value within the body than at the tails of the distribution. Further, the magnitude of the error varies as a function of the mean and standard deviation of the population.

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